BHT with Full Translator’s NotesActs 4 =
4
“We Cannot Ourselves Keep Quiet”
1 While Peter and John+ were speaking to the people, the priests and the officer in charge of the temple guard and the Sadducees confronted them, 2 up in arms about the fact that they were teaching the people the doctrine of the resurrection and pointing to Jesus as proof that the dead were in fact going to rise to life.+ 3 They arrested+ the two men+ and kept them in custody until the next day, for it was already evening. 4 Many of those who had heard the message,+ however, believed, and the number of believers grew to about five thousand, not counting women or children.+
5 The next day the Jewish leaders+ and the elders and the Torah-experts assembled in Jerusalem, 6 including Annas the high priest, Caiaphas, John, Alexander, and the rest of the high priest’s family. 7 After having Peter and John+ stand where everyone could see them,+ they began asking, “By what power or by what name did ᵖyou do this?”
8 Peter, then, filled with the Holy Spirit,+ said to them, “Leaders of the people and elders: 9 If we are being examined today because of an act of kindness shown to an ailing man, and are being asked how it was+ that this man was saved,+ 10 then know this and know it well,+ all of ᵖyou and all the people of Israel: It is+ by the name of Jesus the Messiah from Nazareth, whom you had+ crucified, but whom God raised from the dead, that this man is standing before you healed. 11 Jesus+ is ‘the stone’ that was despised by you ‘builders,’ which ‘turned out to be the cornerstone;’+ 12 there is salvation+ in no one else. Yes, there is absolutely+ no other name throughout the earth,+ which has been given among mankind,+ by which we must ourselves+ be saved.”+
13 When those assembled+ saw Peter’s courage and boldness,+ and John’s, too, and realized that they were but+ common men who had never received formal training in Torah,+ they were stunned, and it dawned on them that Peter and John+ had been Jesus’ traveling companions and disciples.+ 14 And because+ they saw there beside them the man who had been healed,+ standing, there wasn’t a+ thing they could say to refute them.+
15 After ordering them to withdraw, then,+ from the presence of the Sanhedrin, they began discussing the matter with one another. 16 “What are we to do with these men?” they asked. “That there has taken place through them a truly remarkable sign,+ on the one hand, is obvious to each and every+ person living in Jerusalem, and we can’t deny it. 17 In order to keep this matter from spreading among the people any further,+ however, let us warn them not to speak in this name again to anyone.” 18 So calling the men+ back in, they told them that they were not to speak or teach another word+ in the name of Jesus.
19 Peter and John, however, replied to them, “ᵖYou must judge which one is in God’s judgment right.+ Is it+ ᵖyou whom we should obey, or God?+ 20 For we cannot ourselves keep quiet+ about the things we have seen+ and heard.”
21 After issuing further threats, the Sanhedrin+ released the two men,+ failing to find a way to punish them, on account of the people. Everyone, you see, was glorifying God for what had happened. 22 The man was, after all,+ more than forty years old, on whom this sign of healing had been performed.
“O Lord, Take Note of These Threats of Theirs”
23 Upon their release, Peter and John+ went to the other believers+ and told them everything that, in regard to the two of them,+ the chief priests and the elders had said.+ 24 On hearing this, they cried out+ to God in one accord.+ “Sovereign Master,” they prayed, “you who created the sky+ and the land+ and the sea and everything in them,+ 25 who spoke, by the Holy Spirit,+ through the mouth of our ancestor+ David, your servant, saying,
“ ‘Why do the Gentiles+ rage,
and the peoples devise futile plots?
26 The kings of the earth will surely+ appear for battle,+
and the rulers join forces,+
against the LORD+ and against his anointed+ Messiah.’+
27 —yes, it was+ Herod and Pontius Pilate, together with the Gentiles and peoples over+ Israel, who did in actual fact join forces in this city against your holy Servant Jesus, whom you anointed Messiah,+ 28 carrying out+ everything that you by your power and will had already decided would happen.+ 29 And now, O Lord, take note of these+ threats of theirs, and help your slaves to proclaim your word+ with full+ courage and boldness, 30 as you stretch out your mighty+ hand to perform through the name of your holy Servant Jesus healings and signs and wonders.+” 31 And when they finished praying, the place where they were meeting+ was shaken, and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and continued+ declaring the word of God boldly.
“The Large Group of Those Who Believed Were United in Heart and Mind”
32 The large group of those who believed were united in heart and mind. No one, when it came to any of his possessions,+ claimed of them exclusive ownership;+ no, whatever people had they shared.+ 33 It was+ with great power that the apostles continued bearing solemn witness+ to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and they were all held in very+ high regard.+ 34 Yes, there was among them no person in need.+ Those who were owners, you see,+ of fields or houses, selling their properties,+ would bring the money from the sales 35 and place it at the feet of the apostles. The money+ would then be distributed to each person according to his need.+ 36 Joseph, for instance,+ whom the apostles named Barnabas (which means “Bringer of Help”+), a Levite born on the island+ of Cyprus: 37 He owned a field,+ and after selling it, brought the proceeds and placed them at the feet of the apostles.
+1:1Cf CJB, TEV.+1:1πρῶτον ( protōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the phrase has been rendered such as to allow this element to land at the end of the phrase for extra stress. A comma has also been used to the same end.+1:1Lit all that Jesus began to do and teach. The meaning here isn’t that Jesus began teaching and doing things but didn’t finish teaching and doing them. It is referring, rather, to the “turning point” when Jesus began his ministry (see BDAG, 140, sv ἄρχω 2.a.β; UBSHS [Ac], 13). Cf ISV, TEV.+1:2οὓς ἐξελέξατο ( hous exelexato) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:2“For himself” is drawn here from the middle voice here.+1:3Lit to whom.+1:3διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα ( di hēmerōn tesserakonta) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and thus a comma has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:3IT. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:3Lit the things concerning. IT. Cf τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ( ta peri hautou) at Lk 24:27 (see esp the NCV and NET there), and πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα...περὶ ἐμοῦ ( panta ta gegrammena...peri emou) at Lk 24:44. Just as the article there points back to OT Scriptures in Lk 24, so the same is true here (with Luke summarizing the focus of Jesus’ teaching in the post-resurrection appearances).+1:3Cf Mt 28:16-20; Lk 24:13-49.+1:4μὴ χωρίζεσθαι ( mē chōrizesthai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:4Lit the promise of the Father. See note at Lk 24:49. The same applies here. Cf LEB.+1:4Lit which you have heard of/from me. Because of the abrupt shift in the Greek text from indirect to direct speech, the antecedent has been restated in translation, and a new sentence started. The genitive is functioning in the subjective/source range, which is reflected in the translation (cf NCV, TEV).+1:5In Greek, μὲν ( men) is a forward-pointing device (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 54-5).+1:5Or in.+1:5Lit not after many these days. ME ( UBSHS [Ac], 15). Cf most modern translations.+1:5ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ( en pneumati hagiō) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:6Lit they. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:6Or began asking.+1:6ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ ( en tō chronō toutō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf ISV, NET.+1:6Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Lk 2:25.+1:7Lit he.+1:7ὑμῶν ( humōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:7Cf Ps 102:12-17; Dn 9:22-27, 12:8-9; Mt 13:11; Lk 21:25-31; Re 10:4.+1:8Lit will be my witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+1:9Lit he.+1:9νεφέλη ( nephelē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+1:10ἀτενίζοντες ( atenizontes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10Or into heaven.+1:10Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf NIV, TEV.+1:10ἄνδρες δύο ( andres duo) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+1:11Lit this Jesus. Cf NCV, NLT. In English, we usually don’t use demonstrative pronouns with proper names unless we’re singling out one individual from many with the same name. Since a demonstrative pronoun has been used to give extra focus to the focally prominent element (see note at “this” later in the verse), it has not been used here. The demonstrative pronoun does give “Jesus” thematic prominence (see BART Display). In translation, the comma itself gives “Jesus” some extra stress.+1:11Or into the sky. Here we have a bit of a breakdown in language, since Jesus starts his departure in the first heaven (ie, the sky) and ends up at the Father’s right hand in a part of the heavens that are out of sight (cf 2 Co 12:1-3).+1:11οὕτως ( houtōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a demonstrative pronoun and a stop (in the BART Display, ὃν τρόπον ἐθεάσασθε…[ hon tropon etheasasthe…] is marked as a right-dislocated element) have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:11Or into heaven. See note at “heaven” earlier in this verse. “Sky” is better here, since the angel is referring to the part of the ascension that the apostles had observed.+1:12Lit having a journey of a Sabbath. ME (see L-N, 81.28). Cf NCV, NLT. Though the idiom is derived from rabbinic traditions concerning how far someone was permitted to walk on the Sabbath (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:12), this is not central to Luke’s point here, and thus an ME has been used in translation.+1:13εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ( eis to huperōon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this constituent extra focus and stress.+1:13ME(H)/IT (see M-M, 329, sv καταμένω; UBSHS [Ac], 22).+1:14πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been segmented with commas for extra focus and stress.+1:14Lit were busying themselves together in prayer, or were continuing frequently together in prayer, or were continuing in one accord in prayer. Cf TEV; UBSHS (Ac), 23. V 15 is what inclines me toward the interpretation reflected in the text.+1:14Lit his.+1:15Lit In these days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:15Lit the brothers. In a number of situations, the plural masculine form of ἀδελφός ( adelophos) is used generically for brothers and sisters or for believers (see BDAG, 18, sv 1, 2). In this situation it means the latter and includes both men and women (see v 14). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+1:15Lit in the middle, or in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+1:15Lit the crowd of names was in all about one hundred and twenty, or the crowd of names in one place was about one hundred and twenty. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 24). Cf most English translations.+1:16Lit men brothers. The compound indicates that Peter is most likely addressing the other apostles here (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:16).+1:16Or accomplished.+1:16The relative clause is functioning epexegetically here (see LGNT Notes, Ac 1:16).+1:16Lit which.+1:17Lit was numbered/counted among us. ME (see BDAG, 526, καταριθμέω 2; L-N, 34.33). Cf TEV.+1:17Or this service.+1:18Lit with the wages/reward of his wickedness. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Ac], 27). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:18Cf Mt 26:14–15; 27:5, 7–8.+1:18πρηνὴς ( prēnēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:18Lit he burst open in the middle. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 19.30).+1:19Lit It. Cf NLT.+1:19γνωστὸν πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ ( gnōston pasi tois katoikousin yerousalēm) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). The preposed element has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:20IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+1:20Or home, or dwelling.+1:20Ps 69:25+1:20Or his office.+1:20“Position of leadership” is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a passive construction has been used in translation.+1:20Ps 109:8+1:21συνελθόντων ἡμῖν ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφʼ ἡμῶν ( sunelthontōn hēmin en panti chronō hō eisēlthen kai exēlthen eph’ hēmas ho kurios Yēsous arxamenos apo tou baptismatos Yōannou heōs tēs hēmeras hēs anelēmphthē aph hēmōn) is in an embedded split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:21Lit during all the time in which the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 41.24; UBSHS [Ac], 30).+1:22Lit beginning from the/his baptism of/by John. Cf NET, NLT.+1:22μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ ( martura tēs anastaseōs autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent within the ME (see following note).+1:22Lit one of these must become a witness with us. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+1:24Lit the hearts. In the ancient world, the “heart” was the seat not only of the emotional faculties, but of the will and mind as well (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf TEV.+1:24This is an imperative of request/entreaty (ie, a polite request, used especially when addressing a superior). For more on imperatives of request, see Black, Grammar, 189; Wallace, Grammar, 487-8.+1:24ὃν ἕνα ( hon hena) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:24Or chosen for yourself. “Yourself” here is drawn from the middle voice of the verb (see Wallace, Grammar, 419-23).+1:25Lit to take the place of this service/ministry and apostleship. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 31). The genitives “ministry” and “apostleship” have been interpreted as a hendiadys. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NIV.+1:26Lit cast lots for them. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+1:26Cf Ex 28:30; Lv 8:8;1 Sm 14:41; Ezr 2:63; Ne 7:65.+2:1Traditionally Pentecost (a transliteration). ME(OTB). Cf Ex 34:22, Lv 23:15; Dt 16:9.+2:2Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf the NIV and TEV at Ac 1:10.+2:2Or from the sky.+2:2ἦχος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας ( ēchos hōsper pheromenēs pnoēs biaias) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:3γλῶσσαι ( glōssai) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:3Lit it. The shift to the third person singular here, along with the distributive idea activated by διαμερίζω ( diamerizō) in the preceding clause, indicates that a single tongue rested on each person. Cf UBSHS (Ac), 35; ISV.+2:4ἑτέραις ( heterais) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Or tongues.+2:4Lit as the Spirit was giving to them to utter. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:5Lit Jews, God-fearing men. ME. Cf NET.+2:5Lit from every nation under heaven. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 737, sv οὐρανός, 1.b.).+2:6For the meaning of συγχέω ( suncheo) here, see BSL, Ac 2:6.+2:6τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ( tē idia dialektō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:6Lit each one was hearing them speaking in his own language. Though the antecedent of “them” is obviously the believers of vv 1-4, there is also some measure of indefiniteness here, since the action the believers are performing is most likely simultaneous and distributive (ie, it seems that different believers are speaking different languages at the same time). Hence a passive rendering has been used in translation here.+2:7Lit Behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9. Cf CJB, NLT.+2:8IT. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV; BDAG, 495, sv καί 1.b.ζ.+2:8Lit our own language in which we were born. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 38). Cf most English translations.+2:9IT (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 2:9). Cf NET, NLT.+2:10IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 38).+2:11IT. Cf ISV, NCV.+2:11Lit them. Cf NLT.+2:11τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ ( ta megaleia tou theou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:12Lit What does this want to be? ME (see BDAG, 448, sv θέλω 5).+2:13γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι ( gleukous memestōmenoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with γλεύκους ( gleukous) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:13Lit They are filled/glutted with sweet new wine. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 40). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:14Lit raised his voice. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.78).+2:14ἀποφθέγγομαι ( apophthengomai) doesn’t merely mean to address, but to address with great clarity and boldness because of divine aid and leading (see and cf ANLEX, 72, sv; BDAG, 125, sv; Little Kittel, 75, sv; TDNT, 1:447, sv; UBSHS [Ac], 41).+2:14Lit to them.+2:14πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been postposed and segmented with commas for extra focus and stress.+2:14Lit listen carefully to my words.+2:14Since the demonstrative pronoun is cataphoric, this phrase has been placed second in translation to put it closer to the cataphoric reference/target (see LDGNT).+2:14τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ( touto humin gnōston) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus repetition has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:15The context indicates that not everyone thought this (cf vv 12-13). Cf NLT.+2:15Lit For not as you think. Cf NET.+2:15Lit for it is the third hour of the day. ME(H). Cf, eg, CJB, HCSB, NIV.+2:17These two phrases are found neither in the MT or the LXX, and thus have not been included in the quotation here (cf NET).+2:17Lit all flesh. Following the lead of the NET at Jl 2:28 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Jl 2:28; cf NCV here and at Jl 2:28). The context (“sons,” “daughters,” “young men,” “old men,” “male slaves,” and “female slaves,”) indicates that “all flesh” here does not mean “all mankind” in the sense of “every person,” but is referring to all classes and categories of people. Cf BDAG, 784, sv πᾶς 5.+2:17ὁράσεις ( horaseis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17ἐνυπνίοις ( enupniois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:18ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου ( epi tous doulous mou kai epi tas doulas mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:18Or slaves.+2:18Lit in those days. ME. Cf NCV.+2:19Lit give omens/portents. ME (see BDAG, 999, sv τέρας; L-N, 33.480; translation and note at Lk 2:34).+2:19Or in heaven.+2:19Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+2:20Following the MT in translation here. Cf NLT.+2:21Jl 2:28-32+2:22Lit Men Israelites. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NASB, HCSB, NET, NIV, RSV.+2:22Cf Lk 24:19.+2:22Lit in the midst of you. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf Mt 18:2, Mk 3:3. Cf also the translation and note at Jn 12:37.+2:23τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ ( tē hōrismenē boulē kai prognōsei tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:23Lit by/according to the appointed plan and foreknowledge of God. ME (see L-N, 28.6; UBSHS [Ac], 48). Cf NLT, TEV. The genitive has been rendered as a subjective genitive in translation.+2:23The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+2:23The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively (see UBSHS [Ac], 48). For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+2:23Lit at the hand of lawless men. ME(H) (see L-N, 9.17; NET Bible Notes, Ac 2:23). Cf CJB, NET.+2:23Cf Jn 18:31.+2:24IT. Cf CJB, ISV, NASB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:24Lit whom God raised.+2:24Lit the birth-pains. ME (see ANLEX, 415, sv ὠδίν 2 a., b.). Cf the parallelisms in the LXX at 2 Sm 22:6 (2 Kingdoms in the LXX), Ps 18:4-5 (17:5-6 in the LXX), 116:3 (114:3 in the LXX).+2:24Cf Ps 18:4-5, 116:3; 2 Sm 22:6; Heb 2:15, 5:7.+2:24Lit its.+2:24Lit held by it. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NET, NRSV.+2:25ἐκ δεξιῶν μού ( ek dexiōn mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:25Lit at the right of me. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 50). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:26Or shouts.+2:26Lit my flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 51; FBT Chart, C, D, F, G). Cf TEV.+2:27Lit my soul. Here “soul” is referring not to one part of the person, but to the person as a whole. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:27Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 11:23).+2:28Ps 16:8-11+2:29Lit Men brothers.+2:29Or the patriarch, or our forefather.+2:29 being allowable/right/possible/obligatory to speak with frankness/plainly about the patriarch David. ME. Cf TEV.+2:30The participles here are interpreted as adverbial participles of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, ISV, LEB, NASB, NET.+2:30Lit he.+2:30προφήτης ( prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:30ὅρκῳ ( orkō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:30Lit from the fruit of his loins. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.34). Cf most English translations. ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ ( ek karpou tēs osphuos autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:30An allusion to 2 Sm 7:12-13 and Ps 132:11.+2:31IT (see, eg, BSL, Ac 2:31, sv προοράω; L-N, 28.6). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:31The aorists here are functioning proleptically (cf v 27)+2:32Lit This Jesus. Cf ISV here; ISV, NET, and NIV at Ac 1:11. τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ( touton ton Yēsoun) is thematically prominent (see BART Display).+2:32Lit of which we all are witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+2:33τῇ δεξιᾷ τοῦ θεοῦ ( tē dexia tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent. οὖν ( oun) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:33The genitive has been translated as an attributed genitive. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+2:33τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου ( tēn epangelian tou pneumatos tou hagiou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:33Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:34Δαυὶδ ( dauid) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent (cf HCSB, NASB, TEV). γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:34Lit he.+2:34Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+2:35Ps 110:1+2:36Lit house. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 11.58).+2:36ἀσφαλῶς ( asphalōs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and a superlative adjective of degree have been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra stress.+2:36Lit him.+2:36καὶ κύριον καὶ χριστὸν ( kai kurion kai christon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:36Lit this Jesus.+2:36The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively. For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+2:37Lit they. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:37Lit were pierced through the heart. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 220, sv κατανύσσομαι; BDAG, 523, sv κατανύσσομαι; L-N, 28.281). Cf Jn 16:8-10.+2:38Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:39ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς εἰς μακράν ( humin kai tois teknois humōn kai pasin tois eis makran) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:39Cf Dt 30:1-10; Is 57:19; 1 Pt 1:1. Cf also Ac 22:21; Eph 2:13.+2:39Or call.+2:39Cf Is 10:19-22; Jr 23:1-3.+2:40ἑτέροις λόγοις πλείοσιν ( heterois logois pleiosin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. τε ( te) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:40Cf Dt 32:20.+2:40Lit saying.+2:41In Greek, μὲν ( men) is a forward-pointing device (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 74-83).+2:41Because the target of the forward-pointing device is in v 42 (see LDGNT), dashes have been used with this clause.+2:41ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι ( psuchai hōsei trischiliai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:41IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV.+2:42διδαχή ( didachē) can refer either to the content or activity of teaching (see ANLEX, 114, sv). Since a periphrastic construction is used here (“the periphrastic construction usually emphasizes the duration of an action” [Black, Grammar, 153]), and since other verbal nouns follow “teaching,” here the focus is most likely on the activity of teaching, rather than on the content of teaching (although content, of course, is assumed). The genitive, then, is a subjective genitive. Cf TEV.+2:42Lit in the breaking of the bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+2:42Lit They were continuing/constantly busying themselves/spending their time in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of bread and in the prayers. Cf Ac 1:14, 3:1. “Gathering” is presupposed by all the verbal nouns here (cf Ac 1:14, 2:26), sounds much more natural in English with the imperfective aspect and the number of different verbal ideas activated here, and helps the activities mentioned to be processed as occurring frequently and as being distributed over a period of time (cf UBSHS [Ac], 23).+2:43Lit Fear was becoming over every soul. ME. Cf NASB. φόβος ( phobos) in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:43πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα ( polla te terata kai sēmeia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:44Lit were in one place. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 64). Cf TEV.+2:44Lit had all things in common. ME (see L-N, 57.99; UBSHS [Ac], 65). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+2:45See following note.+2:45τὰ κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις ( ta ktēmata kai tas huparxeis) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent. The following clause has also been subordinated in order to give this element the effect of end-weight (Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis [see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28]; cf NIV).+2:45See preceding note.+2:45Lit them. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:45Lit in proportion to/to the degree that someone had need. ME. Cf TEV.+2:46Lit and breaking from house to house bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63, 65). Cf NLT+2:46Or humble, or sincere.+2:46Cf 1 Co 11:17-32.+2:47Lit having favor with/among. ME (see BSL, Ac 2:47; sv χάρις; UBSHS [Ac], 66).+3:1IT. NIV, NRSV, TEV.+3:1Lit the hour of prayer the ninth. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Ac], 68). Cf ISV, HCSB, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+3:2Lit being lame from his mother’s womb. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV. τις ἀνὴρ χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων ( tis anēr chōlos ek koilias mētros autou huarchōn) is in P2, with χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ( chōlos ek koilias mētros autou) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore the clause has structured so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:2Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf ISV.+3:2Cf ESV, NRSV, NET, TEV.+3:3Lit he.+3:3Lit asking alms to receive.+3:4Because Peter is the one who is actually doing the speaking, the participle here has been rendered as a finite verb.+3:4Lit at him.+3:4Lit he.+3:5Lit something. ME. Cf NCV, NLT. τι ( ti) is in P2 (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:6ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον ( argurion kai chrusion) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction and an adverb (cf TEV) have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:6Lit Silver and gold is not existing/present to me. ME (see ANLEX, sv ὑπάρχω; BDAG, 1029, sv ὑπάρχω 1; BSL, Ac 3:6, sv ὑπάρχω).+3:6τοῦτό ( touto) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative wh-cleft has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:7Lit him.+3:7Lit he.+3:7Lit his.+3:7παραχρῆμα ( parachrēma) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:8Or stopped, or stood.+3:8Lit with them.+3:9Lit saw him walking and praising God.+3:10πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ( pros tēn eleēmosunēn) is in an embedded focal (see BART Display), and therefore the information activated by this constituent has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:11Lit at the portico. ME(H) (see BSL, Ac 3:11; NET Bible Notes, Ac 3:11; UBSHS [Ac], 75). Cf NET.+3:12Lit he answered to the people. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+3:12Lit Men Israelites. ME. Cf HCSB, NASB, NET, NIV.+3:12ἡμῖν ( hēmin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ ( idia dunamei ē eusebeia) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:12Or godliness, or piety.+3:13Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:13Included within the purview of δοξάζω ( doxazō) here is both the giving of honor and the causing of someone to enter into a state of being “clothed” in resurrected glory (see BDAG, δοξάζω, 258, 1, 2).+3:13Cf Is 40-66.+3:13The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, NRSV.+3:14τὸν ἅγιον καὶ δίκαιον ( ton hagion kai dikaion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:14Cf Is 53:11. This is a Messianic title most likely rooted in Is 53:11 (see UBSHS [Ac], 78).+3:14ἄνδρα φονέα ( andra phonea) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus a spacer (drawn from the context; cf NCV) has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:15τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ( ton archēgon tēs zōēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction and an emphatic adjective have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:15Or Pioneer, or Founder, or Source, or Originator, or Ruler.+3:15Lit of which we are witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18. μάρτυρές ( martures) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ ( epi tē pistei tou onomatos autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:16Lit the name of him.+3:16ME/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 170; translation and notes at 1 Co 1:10). Cf TEV at Jn 5:43.+3:16Lit him.+3:17Or And. Cf NKJV.+3:17κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ( kata agnoian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus the clause has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:17Lit that you acted according to ignorance. ME/IT (see BDAG, 13, ἄγνοια, 2.a.; L-N, 32.7).+3:17Cf Lk 23:34; Jn 16:1-3; Ac 13:27; 1Co 2:8; 1Ti 1:13.+3:18Or accomplished, or carried out.+3:18ἃ προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν παθεῖν τὸν χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ( ha prokatēngeilen dia stomatos pantōn tōn prophētōn pathein to christon autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:19Cf Dt 30:2; Lam 3:40; Is 55:7; Jl 2:12-13.+3:19Cf Col 2:14.+3:20Lit that appointed times of refreshment/relief may come from the face of the Lord. ME (see ANLEX, 53, sv ἀνάψυξις; BDAG, 75, sv ἀνάψυξις; L-N, 22.35; NAC [Ac], 134). Cf Ps 65:12 in the LXX.+3:20Cf Dt 30:1-10; Es 4:14; Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Zc 12:10-14; Lk 2:25; Ac 1:6; Rm 11:12-16.+3:20Cf 1 Sm 16:1-13; 2 Sm 2:4, 5:1-5.+3:21Lit whom it is necessary for heaven to receive/welcome. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 84). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+3:21Ml 4:6. Cf LXX.+3:21Lit the times of the restoration of all things. ME(OTB). Cf Ml 4:4-5; Mt 17:11; Mk 9:12. ἀποκατάστασις ( apokatastasis) is simply the noun form of ἀποκαθίστημι ( apokathistēmi), with God as the implied agent. Cf ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων ( apokatastaseōs pantōn) here with ἀποκαθιστάνει πάντα ( apokathistanei panta) at Mk 9:12 and ἀποκαταστήσει πάντα ( apokatastēsei panta) at Mt 17:11. Note that ἀποκαθίστημι ( apokathistēmai) is used at Ml 4:6 in the LXX to translate šûḇ in the Hiphil (Ml 3:23 in the LXX); cf Brenton’s translation. Just as in Mt 17:11 and Mk 9:12, the allusion here is to Ml 4:1-6. Ml 4:6 makes it clear that the “things” “turned back” or “brought back” are “hearts.” “All” is used as a shorthand reference to the various levels of relationship mentioned in Ml 4:6. Cf Dt 4:29-31, 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:37-38; 2 Ki 1:1-16; Ml 4:6, Re 11:3-6. Cf also the NET’s rendering of Ml 4:6.+3:21Lit God. Since the implied subject has been made explicit in the preceding clause, a pronoun has been used in translation here.+3:21Lit from an age. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.25).+3:21Cf Dt 4:29-31, 30:1-10, 32:35-43; Ml 4:6. αὐτοῦ προφητῶν ( autou prophētōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:22Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+3:22Lit from among your brothers. ME (see L-N, 11.25). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:22προφήτην ὡς ἐμέ ( prophētēn hōs eme) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:22Or listen, or heed. Both hearing and obedience are in view here (see L-N, 36.14; UBSHS [Ac], 85). Cf NET, TEV.+3:22Cf Mt 17:5.+3:23A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+3:23Dt 18:18-19+3:23Lv 23:29+3:24IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 86).+3:24Lit and all the prophets from Samuel and the successors, as many as spoke. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 86). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:24καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται ἀπὸ Σαμουὴλ καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς ὅσοι ἐλάλησαν ( kai pantes hoi prophētai apo Samuouēl kai tōn kathexēs hosoi elalēsan) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:24Lit announced these days. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NRSV.+3:25Lit you are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 1025, sv υἱός 2.c.β.; UBSHS [Ac], 86). Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:25Or with your forefathers. Lit with your fathers.+3:25Lit saying to Abraham.+3:25Or through.+3:25Or families, or peoples.+3:25Gn 22:18, 26:4+3:26πρῶτον ( prōton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. Repetition (cf ANLEX, 338, sv πρῶτος 2; BDAG, 894, sv πρῶτος 2.b.) has also been used to the same end. Cf Mt 10:5-6, Rm 1:16.+4:1Lit While they.+4:2Lit because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 91). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:3Lit laid hands on. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 37.110).+4:3Lit them.+4:4Or the teaching, or the word.+4:4Lit the number of the men became about five thousand. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 4:4).+4:5Lit their leaders. Cf TEV.+4:7Lit them.+4:7Lit in the middle, or in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+4:8Lk 12:11-12. The aorist participle here indicates that the Holy Spirit came upon/filled Peter at that moment for the purpose of enabling him to speak (cf UBSHS [Ac], 95). The phrase “filled with the Spirit” is fairly common in Luke’s writings and is even used to describe events that occur before Pentecost (cf Lk 1:15, 41, 67). Just for the record, I’m not writing this as an anti-charismatic statement. Luke simply doesn’t use the phrase in the same way that it is sometimes used in modern charismatic circles.+4:9ἐν τίνι ( en tini) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+4:9Or healed, or delivered.+4:10γνωστὸν ( gnōston) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:10ἐν τούτῳ ( en toutō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to the referent of this constituent. Cf NIV.+4:10The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively. For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+4:11Lit This one, or This man. Cf NLT, NCV, TEV.+4:11Ps 118:22+4:12ἡ σωτηρία ( hē sōtēria) is in a thematically prominent position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra emphasis and stress. Jesus’ name means “Yahweh saves.” Cf Mt 1:21.+4:12οὐδὲ ὄνομά ἕτερον ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανὸν τὸ δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις ( oude onoma heteron hupo ton ouranon to dedomenon en anthrōpois) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:12Lit under heaven, or under the sky. ME (see BDAG, 737, sv οὐρανός, 1.b.).+4:12Lit among men.+4:12ἡμᾶς ( hēmas) is in a thematically prominent position, and thus an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus and stress. Cf Ac 3:26.+4:12Cf Dt 32:1-43, 33:26-29; Is 30:27-33, 43:12, 44:8, 45:17, 45:22, 59:20; Jr 23:6, 30:10, 31:7, 46:27; Jl 2:32; Zc 8:13.+4:13Lit they.+4:13παρρησίαν ( parrēsian) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore repetition and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+4:13ἄνθρωποι ἀγράμματοί καὶ ἰδιῶται ( anthrōpoi agrammatoi kai idiōtai) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and thus a downtoner/adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent within the ME (see following note).+4:13Lit that they were uneducated and amateurs. ME(H) (see FSB, Ac 4:13; L-N, 27.23; Stern, JNTC, Ac 4:13).+4:13Lit and they began recognizing them, that they were with Jesus.+4:13Lit that they were with Jesus. ME (see BDAG, 961, sv σὺν 1.a.γ.; UBSHS [Ac], 99). Cf TEV. σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ( sun tō yēsou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT). The phrase has been rendered so as to give extra stress to σὺν within the ME.+4:14The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf HCSB, LEB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+4:14τόν ἄνθρωπον ἑστῶτα τὸν τεθεραπευμένον ( ton anthrōpon estōta ton teherapeumenon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. Commas have also been used to give this element extra stress.+4:14οὐδὲν ( ouden) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been rendered with an indefinite article for extra focus and stress.+4:14Cf Ex 4:12; Jr 1:9; Mt 10:20; Mk 13:11; Lk 12:12, 21:15; Jn 15:25; Ac 6:10.+4:15ἔξω τοῦ συνεδρίου ( exō tou sunedriou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus δὲ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this constituent.+4:16γνωστὸν σημεῖον ( gnōston sēmeion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject). An adverb has been used to the same end.+4:16πᾶσιν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλὴμ ( pasin tois katoikousin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus repetition has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+4:17ἐπὶ πλεῖον ( epi pleion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:18Lit them.+4:18Lit they ordered them not to speak or teach completely/at all/in the slightest degree.+4:19δίκαιόν ( dikaion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final within the ME (see note at “God?” below) for extra focus and stress.+4:19ὑμῶν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ ( humōn mallon ē tou theou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:19Lit Judge if it is right in the sight of God to obey you rather than God. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 102). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:20Cf NCV.+4:20ἃ εἴδαμεν καὶ ἠκούσαμεν ( ha eidamen kai ēkousamen) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:21Lit they.+4:21Lit released them.+4:22ἐτῶν πλειόνων τεσσεράκοντα ( etōn pleionōn tesserakonta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:23Lit they.+4:23Lit to their own [people]. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+4:23Lit in regard to them, or to them, or about them. This is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT).+4:23εἶπαν ( eipan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+4:24Lit raised voice. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.78).+4:24Or together. ὁμοθυμαδὸν ( homothumadon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:24Or heaven.+4:24Or the earth.+4:24Cf Gn 1-2; Ps 8.+4:25τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν στόματος Δαυὶδ παιδός σου ( tou patros hēmōn stomatos David paidos sou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου ( dia pneumatos hagiou) is also potentially focal (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn; cf also LDGNT). Commas have thus been used to give extra focus to διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν στόματος Δαυὶδ παιδός σου.+4:25Or forefather. Lit father.+4:25Or nations.+4:26The aorists are functioning proleptically here.+4:26Lit will stand near, or will be present. ME (see BDAG, 778, sv παρίστημι/παριστάνω, 2.a.β.; UBSHS [Ac], 106). Cf NCV, NLT.+4:26Lit gather at the same place [ie, for war/battle].+4:26Following MT in translation here. Cf NLT.+4:26See note at “Messiah” in v 27 below.+4:26Ps 2:1-2+4:27Ἡρῴδης τε καὶ Πόντιος Πιλᾶτος σὺν ἔθνεσιν καὶ λαοῖς Ἰσραήλ ( Hērōdēs te kai Pontios Pilatos sun ethnesin kai laois Israel) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:27Or in. Lit of. The genitive has been interpreted as a genitive of subordination. This is reflected in the translation. λαός ( laos) here is in the dative plural, referencing “the peoples” mentioned in v 25. The parallelism there indicates that “the peoples” is referring to Gentile nations. Therefore, the genitive here is not functioning appositionally, but is better understood either as a genitive of subordination (note the mention of Pilate and Herod), or as a genitive of place.+4:27The verb used here χρίω ( xriō) is the word from which Χριστός ( christos) (“Anointed One,” or “Messiah”) is derived (see NASB Dic, 5547, 5548). Since information flow is tied to the cognates here, both “anointed” and “Messiah” have been used in translation—both here and in v 26. Cf CJB, TEV.+4:28The infinitive here has been translated as an infinitive of result, although purpose is also likely in view here (the purpose would have been purpose on the part of God, since the human actors for their part planned to kill Jesus without actively knowing that they were fulfilling God’s will). Divine purpose is implied by “carry out” and the other lexemes in this context.+4:28Lit to carry out everything that your hand and your plan decided in advance/already decided would happen. ME (see L-N, 30.84; UBSHS [Ac], 107). Cf TEV.+4:29See vv 21 and 23. The article is a weak demonstrative in Greek.+4:29Or message.+4:29μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης ( meta parrēsias pasēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης ( pasēs) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics and repetition have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:30τὴν χεῖρά [σου] ( tēn cheira [sou]) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent. Cf the translation and note at Mt 4:6.+4:30ἴασιν καὶ σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ( yasin kai sēmeia kai terata) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:31Lit the place in which they were. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:31Cf ISV.+4:32τι τῶν ὑπαρχόντων αὐτῷ ( ti tōn huparchontôn auto) is a POD (see BART Display).+4:32Lit was saying it was his own. ME (see BDAG, 466, sv ἴδιος 1.a.). ἴδιον ( idion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+4:32Lit but all things were theirs/to them in common. ME (see L-N, 57.99; UBSHS [Ac], 65). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:33δυνάμει μεγάλῃ ( dunamei megalē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:33Lit giving the witness/testimony.+4:33χάρις μεγάλη ( charis megalē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent within the ME (see following note).+4:33Lit and great favor was on them all, or great grace was on them all. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 111). Cf CJB, NJB. Cf also Ac 2:47.+4:34οὐδὲ ἐνδεής τις ( oude endeēs tis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject). The negative particle has also been grouped with this element to give it extra focus and stress.+4:34κτήτορες χωρίων ἢ οἰκιῶν ( ktētores chōriōn ē oikiōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:34Lit selling [them].+4:35Lit It.+4:35Lit to each in proportion to/to the degree that someone had need. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+4:36IT. Cf NLT.+4:36And/or Consoler, or Exhorter, or Encourager. Lit son of exhortation/consolation/encouragement. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 9.4). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV. Cf BSL, Ac 4:37, sv παράκλησις. The context suggests that Barnabas received the name because his generous act brought relief and help to those in the community of believers who had little and were struggling. Hence the rendering here.+4:36IT. Cf NLT.+4:37Lit a field being to him. ME. Cf HCSB, NLT, TEV.
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