BHT with Full Translator’s NotesActs 3 =
3
“What I Do Have, This Is What I Give to You”
1 Now as for Peter and John, one day+ they were going up to the temple complex at the time for prayer, at three in the afternoon,+ 2 and there being carried up was a certain man who had been lame from the time he was born,+ whom people+ would place each day near the temple gate called the Beautiful Gate,+ so that he could beg for alms from those who were going into the temple courts. 3 When the man+ saw Peter and John as they were about to enter the temple courts, he began asking them for alms.+
4 Peter looked straight+ at the man,+ as did John. “Look at us,” Peter+ said. 5 At that, the man fixed his attention on them, expecting to receive from them some money.+
6 “It isn’t+ silver and gold at all that I have in hand,”+ Peter said. “What I do have, however, this is what+ I give to you. In the name of Jesus the Messiah from Nazareth, stand up and walk.” 7 Taking the man+ by the right hand, Peter+ helped him up. Strength came into the man’s+ feet and ankles instantly,+ 8 and jumping to his feet, he paused+ and then began walking about here and there. Then he went with Peter and John+ into the temple courts, walking and jumping and praising God, 9 and all the people saw him doing these things.+ 10 Well, when it dawned on them that this was the man who always sat near the Beautiful Gate of the temple complex asking for alms,+ they were amazed and in awe at what had happened to him.
“The God of Our Ancestors Has Clothed and Exalted in Glory His Servant Jesus”
11 Now as the man held tight to Peter and John, all the people ran over to them in the roofed walkway adorned with pillars+ called Solomon’s Colonnade, completely astonished. 12 When Peter saw this, he said to them,+ “Men of Israel,+ why are ᵖyou amazed at this? And why is it+ us at whom are you staring, as though it were+ by our own power or devotion+ that we have made this man walk? 13 The God of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, the God of our ancestors,+ has clothed and exalted in glory+ his Servant+ Jesus, whom ᵖyou handed over and disowned in the presence of Pilate, even though+ he had decided to have him released. 14 ᵖYou, however, disowned the very+ Holy and Righteous One himself,+ and demanded the release, instead,+ of a murderer! 15 It was+ the very Author+ of life whom ᵖyou killed, whom God raised from the dead, a fact to which we bear solemn witness.+ 16 And it was+ by faith in the name of Jesus+ that his name and authority+ made strong this man whom ᵖyou see and know; the faith that is through Jesus+ has given him this perfect health in the presence of all of you.
17 “Yet+ at present, brothers and sisters, I realize that what ᵖyou did you did without understanding+ what was happening,+ as did your leaders, too.+ 18 God, however, fulfilled+ in this way the very+ things he foretold through the mouth of all the prophets, namely, that the Messiah would suffer. 19 Repent, therefore, and return,+ so that ᵖyour sins may be blotted out,+ 20 so that the Lord may bring about the promised time of relief++ and send the one appointed in advance+ for ᵖyou, the Messiah, Jesus, 21 who must remain in heaven+ until the times come when God will ‘turn back’+ all things,+ about which things he+ spoke long ago+ through the mouth of his holy prophets.+ 22 While Moses, on the one hand, said,
“ ‘The LORD+ ᵖyour God will raise up from among your own people+ a prophet like me.+ ᵖYou must pay close attention to him and obey+ everything he tells you.+23 But if+ anyone refuses to obey that prophet,’+ he will be ‘completely cut off from the people.’+
24 all the other+ prophets, too, including Samuel and those who came after him, as many as have spoken God’s messages,+ themselves+ also foretold these days.+ 25 As for ᵖyou, you share in the promises declared by the prophets and are the heirs of the covenant+ that God cut with your ancestors,+ in which he told Abraham,+ ‘And in+ ˢyour seed will be blessed all the nations+ of the earth.’+ 26 To ᵖyou, when God ‘raised up’ his Servant, he sent him first and first of all,+ to ‘bless’ ᵖyou by turning each of you from ᵖyour wicked ways.”
+1:1Cf CJB, TEV.+1:1πρῶτον ( protōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the phrase has been rendered such as to allow this element to land at the end of the phrase for extra stress. A comma has also been used to the same end.+1:1Lit all that Jesus began to do and teach. The meaning here isn’t that Jesus began teaching and doing things but didn’t finish teaching and doing them. It is referring, rather, to the “turning point” when Jesus began his ministry (see BDAG, 140, sv ἄρχω 2.a.β; UBSHS [Ac], 13). Cf ISV, TEV.+1:2οὓς ἐξελέξατο ( hous exelexato) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:2“For himself” is drawn here from the middle voice here.+1:3Lit to whom.+1:3διʼ ἡμερῶν τεσσεράκοντα ( di hēmerōn tesserakonta) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and thus a comma has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:3IT. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:3Lit the things concerning. IT. Cf τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ( ta peri hautou) at Lk 24:27 (see esp the NCV and NET there), and πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα...περὶ ἐμοῦ ( panta ta gegrammena...peri emou) at Lk 24:44. Just as the article there points back to OT Scriptures in Lk 24, so the same is true here (with Luke summarizing the focus of Jesus’ teaching in the post-resurrection appearances).+1:3Cf Mt 28:16-20; Lk 24:13-49.+1:4μὴ χωρίζεσθαι ( mē chōrizesthai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:4Lit the promise of the Father. See note at Lk 24:49. The same applies here. Cf LEB.+1:4Lit which you have heard of/from me. Because of the abrupt shift in the Greek text from indirect to direct speech, the antecedent has been restated in translation, and a new sentence started. The genitive is functioning in the subjective/source range, which is reflected in the translation (cf NCV, TEV).+1:5In Greek, μὲν ( men) is a forward-pointing device (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 54-5).+1:5Or in.+1:5Lit not after many these days. ME ( UBSHS [Ac], 15). Cf most modern translations.+1:5ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ ( en pneumati hagiō) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:6Lit they. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:6Or began asking.+1:6ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ τούτῳ ( en tō chronō toutō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf ISV, NET.+1:6Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Lk 2:25.+1:7Lit he.+1:7ὑμῶν ( humōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:7Cf Ps 102:12-17; Dn 9:22-27, 12:8-9; Mt 13:11; Lk 21:25-31; Re 10:4.+1:8Lit will be my witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+1:9Lit he.+1:9νεφέλη ( nephelē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+1:10ἀτενίζοντες ( atenizontes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10Or into heaven.+1:10Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf NIV, TEV.+1:10ἄνδρες δύο ( andres duo) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+1:11Lit this Jesus. Cf NCV, NLT. In English, we usually don’t use demonstrative pronouns with proper names unless we’re singling out one individual from many with the same name. Since a demonstrative pronoun has been used to give extra focus to the focally prominent element (see note at “this” later in the verse), it has not been used here. The demonstrative pronoun does give “Jesus” thematic prominence (see BART Display). In translation, the comma itself gives “Jesus” some extra stress.+1:11Or into the sky. Here we have a bit of a breakdown in language, since Jesus starts his departure in the first heaven (ie, the sky) and ends up at the Father’s right hand in a part of the heavens that are out of sight (cf 2 Co 12:1-3).+1:11οὕτως ( houtōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a demonstrative pronoun and a stop (in the BART Display, ὃν τρόπον ἐθεάσασθε…[ hon tropon etheasasthe…] is marked as a right-dislocated element) have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:11Or into heaven. See note at “heaven” earlier in this verse. “Sky” is better here, since the angel is referring to the part of the ascension that the apostles had observed.+1:12Lit having a journey of a Sabbath. ME (see L-N, 81.28). Cf NCV, NLT. Though the idiom is derived from rabbinic traditions concerning how far someone was permitted to walk on the Sabbath (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:12), this is not central to Luke’s point here, and thus an ME has been used in translation.+1:13εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ( eis to huperōon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this constituent extra focus and stress.+1:13ME(H)/IT (see M-M, 329, sv καταμένω; UBSHS [Ac], 22).+1:14πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been segmented with commas for extra focus and stress.+1:14Lit were busying themselves together in prayer, or were continuing frequently together in prayer, or were continuing in one accord in prayer. Cf TEV; UBSHS (Ac), 23. V 15 is what inclines me toward the interpretation reflected in the text.+1:14Lit his.+1:15Lit In these days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:15Lit the brothers. In a number of situations, the plural masculine form of ἀδελφός ( adelophos) is used generically for brothers and sisters or for believers (see BDAG, 18, sv 1, 2). In this situation it means the latter and includes both men and women (see v 14). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+1:15Lit in the middle, or in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+1:15Lit the crowd of names was in all about one hundred and twenty, or the crowd of names in one place was about one hundred and twenty. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 24). Cf most English translations.+1:16Lit men brothers. The compound indicates that Peter is most likely addressing the other apostles here (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:16).+1:16Or accomplished.+1:16The relative clause is functioning epexegetically here (see LGNT Notes, Ac 1:16).+1:16Lit which.+1:17Lit was numbered/counted among us. ME (see BDAG, 526, καταριθμέω 2; L-N, 34.33). Cf TEV.+1:17Or this service.+1:18Lit with the wages/reward of his wickedness. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Ac], 27). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:18Cf Mt 26:14–15; 27:5, 7–8.+1:18πρηνὴς ( prēnēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:18Lit he burst open in the middle. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 19.30).+1:19Lit It. Cf NLT.+1:19γνωστὸν πᾶσι τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἰερουσαλήμ ( gnōston pasi tois katoikousin yerousalēm) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). The preposed element has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:20IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+1:20Or home, or dwelling.+1:20Ps 69:25+1:20Or his office.+1:20“Position of leadership” is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a passive construction has been used in translation.+1:20Ps 109:8+1:21συνελθόντων ἡμῖν ἐν παντὶ χρόνῳ ᾧ εἰσῆλθεν καὶ ἐξῆλθεν ἐφʼ ἡμᾶς ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ βαπτίσματος Ἰωάννου ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ἧς ἀνελήμφθη ἀφʼ ἡμῶν ( sunelthontōn hēmin en panti chronō hō eisēlthen kai exēlthen eph’ hēmas ho kurios Yēsous arxamenos apo tou baptismatos Yōannou heōs tēs hēmeras hēs anelēmphthē aph hēmōn) is in an embedded split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:21Lit during all the time in which the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 41.24; UBSHS [Ac], 30).+1:22Lit beginning from the/his baptism of/by John. Cf NET, NLT.+1:22μάρτυρα τῆς ἀναστάσεως αὐτοῦ ( martura tēs anastaseōs autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent within the ME (see following note).+1:22Lit one of these must become a witness with us. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+1:24Lit the hearts. In the ancient world, the “heart” was the seat not only of the emotional faculties, but of the will and mind as well (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf TEV.+1:24This is an imperative of request/entreaty (ie, a polite request, used especially when addressing a superior). For more on imperatives of request, see Black, Grammar, 189; Wallace, Grammar, 487-8.+1:24ὃν ἕνα ( hon hena) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:24Or chosen for yourself. “Yourself” here is drawn from the middle voice of the verb (see Wallace, Grammar, 419-23).+1:25Lit to take the place of this service/ministry and apostleship. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 31). The genitives “ministry” and “apostleship” have been interpreted as a hendiadys. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NIV.+1:26Lit cast lots for them. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+1:26Cf Ex 28:30; Lv 8:8;1 Sm 14:41; Ezr 2:63; Ne 7:65.+2:1Traditionally Pentecost (a transliteration). ME(OTB). Cf Ex 34:22, Lv 23:15; Dt 16:9.+2:2Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf the NIV and TEV at Ac 1:10.+2:2Or from the sky.+2:2ἦχος ὥσπερ φερομένης πνοῆς βιαίας ( ēchos hōsper pheromenēs pnoēs biaias) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:3γλῶσσαι ( glōssai) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:3Lit it. The shift to the third person singular here, along with the distributive idea activated by διαμερίζω ( diamerizō) in the preceding clause, indicates that a single tongue rested on each person. Cf UBSHS (Ac), 35; ISV.+2:4ἑτέραις ( heterais) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Or tongues.+2:4Lit as the Spirit was giving to them to utter. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:5Lit Jews, God-fearing men. ME. Cf NET.+2:5Lit from every nation under heaven. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 737, sv οὐρανός, 1.b.).+2:6For the meaning of συγχέω ( suncheo) here, see BSL, Ac 2:6.+2:6τῇ ἰδίᾳ διαλέκτῳ ( tē idia dialektō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:6Lit each one was hearing them speaking in his own language. Though the antecedent of “them” is obviously the believers of vv 1-4, there is also some measure of indefiniteness here, since the action the believers are performing is most likely simultaneous and distributive (ie, it seems that different believers are speaking different languages at the same time). Hence a passive rendering has been used in translation here.+2:7Lit Behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9. Cf CJB, NLT.+2:8IT. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV; BDAG, 495, sv καί 1.b.ζ.+2:8Lit our own language in which we were born. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 38). Cf most English translations.+2:9IT (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 2:9). Cf NET, NLT.+2:10IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 38).+2:11IT. Cf ISV, NCV.+2:11Lit them. Cf NLT.+2:11τὰ μεγαλεῖα τοῦ θεοῦ ( ta megaleia tou theou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:12Lit What does this want to be? ME (see BDAG, 448, sv θέλω 5).+2:13γλεύκους μεμεστωμένοι ( gleukous memestōmenoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with γλεύκους ( gleukous) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:13Lit They are filled/glutted with sweet new wine. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 40). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:14Lit raised his voice. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.78).+2:14ἀποφθέγγομαι ( apophthengomai) doesn’t merely mean to address, but to address with great clarity and boldness because of divine aid and leading (see and cf ANLEX, 72, sv; BDAG, 125, sv; Little Kittel, 75, sv; TDNT, 1:447, sv; UBSHS [Ac], 41).+2:14Lit to them.+2:14πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been postposed and segmented with commas for extra focus and stress.+2:14Lit listen carefully to my words.+2:14Since the demonstrative pronoun is cataphoric, this phrase has been placed second in translation to put it closer to the cataphoric reference/target (see LDGNT).+2:14τοῦτο ὑμῖν γνωστὸν ( touto humin gnōston) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus repetition has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:15The context indicates that not everyone thought this (cf vv 12-13). Cf NLT.+2:15Lit For not as you think. Cf NET.+2:15Lit for it is the third hour of the day. ME(H). Cf, eg, CJB, HCSB, NIV.+2:17These two phrases are found neither in the MT or the LXX, and thus have not been included in the quotation here (cf NET).+2:17Lit all flesh. Following the lead of the NET at Jl 2:28 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Jl 2:28; cf NCV here and at Jl 2:28). The context (“sons,” “daughters,” “young men,” “old men,” “male slaves,” and “female slaves,”) indicates that “all flesh” here does not mean “all mankind” in the sense of “every person,” but is referring to all classes and categories of people. Cf BDAG, 784, sv πᾶς 5.+2:17ὁράσεις ( horaseis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17ἐνυπνίοις ( enupniois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:18ἐπὶ τοὺς δούλους μου καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δούλας μου ( epi tous doulous mou kai epi tas doulas mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:18Or slaves.+2:18Lit in those days. ME. Cf NCV.+2:19Lit give omens/portents. ME (see BDAG, 999, sv τέρας; L-N, 33.480; translation and note at Lk 2:34).+2:19Or in heaven.+2:19Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+2:20Following the MT in translation here. Cf NLT.+2:21Jl 2:28-32+2:22Lit Men Israelites. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NASB, HCSB, NET, NIV, RSV.+2:22Cf Lk 24:19.+2:22Lit in the midst of you. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf Mt 18:2, Mk 3:3. Cf also the translation and note at Jn 12:37.+2:23τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ ( tē hōrismenē boulē kai prognōsei tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:23Lit by/according to the appointed plan and foreknowledge of God. ME (see L-N, 28.6; UBSHS [Ac], 48). Cf NLT, TEV. The genitive has been rendered as a subjective genitive in translation.+2:23The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+2:23The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively (see UBSHS [Ac], 48). For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+2:23Lit at the hand of lawless men. ME(H) (see L-N, 9.17; NET Bible Notes, Ac 2:23). Cf CJB, NET.+2:23Cf Jn 18:31.+2:24IT. Cf CJB, ISV, NASB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:24Lit whom God raised.+2:24Lit the birth-pains. ME (see ANLEX, 415, sv ὠδίν 2 a., b.). Cf the parallelisms in the LXX at 2 Sm 22:6 (2 Kingdoms in the LXX), Ps 18:4-5 (17:5-6 in the LXX), 116:3 (114:3 in the LXX).+2:24Cf Ps 18:4-5, 116:3; 2 Sm 22:6; Heb 2:15, 5:7.+2:24Lit its.+2:24Lit held by it. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NET, NRSV.+2:25ἐκ δεξιῶν μού ( ek dexiōn mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:25Lit at the right of me. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 50). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:26Or shouts.+2:26Lit my flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 51; FBT Chart, C, D, F, G). Cf TEV.+2:27Lit my soul. Here “soul” is referring not to one part of the person, but to the person as a whole. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:27Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 11:23).+2:28Ps 16:8-11+2:29Lit Men brothers.+2:29Or the patriarch, or our forefather.+2:29 being allowable/right/possible/obligatory to speak with frankness/plainly about the patriarch David. ME. Cf TEV.+2:30The participles here are interpreted as adverbial participles of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, ISV, LEB, NASB, NET.+2:30Lit he.+2:30προφήτης ( prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:30ὅρκῳ ( orkō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:30Lit from the fruit of his loins. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.34). Cf most English translations. ἐκ καρποῦ τῆς ὀσφύος αὐτοῦ ( ek karpou tēs osphuos autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:30An allusion to 2 Sm 7:12-13 and Ps 132:11.+2:31IT (see, eg, BSL, Ac 2:31, sv προοράω; L-N, 28.6). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:31The aorists here are functioning proleptically (cf v 27)+2:32Lit This Jesus. Cf ISV here; ISV, NET, and NIV at Ac 1:11. τοῦτον τὸν Ἰησοῦν ( touton ton Yēsoun) is thematically prominent (see BART Display).+2:32Lit of which we all are witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+2:33τῇ δεξιᾷ τοῦ θεοῦ ( tē dexia tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent. οὖν ( oun) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:33The genitive has been translated as an attributed genitive. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+2:33τήν ἐπαγγελίαν τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου ( tēn epangelian tou pneumatos tou hagiou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:33Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:34Δαυὶδ ( dauid) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent (cf HCSB, NASB, TEV). γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:34Lit he.+2:34Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+2:35Ps 110:1+2:36Lit house. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 11.58).+2:36ἀσφαλῶς ( asphalōs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and a superlative adjective of degree have been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra stress.+2:36Lit him.+2:36καὶ κύριον καὶ χριστὸν ( kai kurion kai christon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:36Lit this Jesus.+2:36The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively. For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+2:37Lit they. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:37Lit were pierced through the heart. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 220, sv κατανύσσομαι; BDAG, 523, sv κατανύσσομαι; L-N, 28.281). Cf Jn 16:8-10.+2:38Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:39ὑμῖν καὶ τοῖς τέκνοις ὑμῶν καὶ πᾶσιν τοῖς εἰς μακράν ( humin kai tois teknois humōn kai pasin tois eis makran) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:39Cf Dt 30:1-10; Is 57:19; 1 Pt 1:1. Cf also Ac 22:21; Eph 2:13.+2:39Or call.+2:39Cf Is 10:19-22; Jr 23:1-3.+2:40ἑτέροις λόγοις πλείοσιν ( heterois logois pleiosin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. τε ( te) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:40Cf Dt 32:20.+2:40Lit saying.+2:41In Greek, μὲν ( men) is a forward-pointing device (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 74-83).+2:41Because the target of the forward-pointing device is in v 42 (see LDGNT), dashes have been used with this clause.+2:41ψυχαὶ ὡσεὶ τρισχίλιαι ( psuchai hōsei trischiliai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:41IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV.+2:42διδαχή ( didachē) can refer either to the content or activity of teaching (see ANLEX, 114, sv). Since a periphrastic construction is used here (“the periphrastic construction usually emphasizes the duration of an action” [Black, Grammar, 153]), and since other verbal nouns follow “teaching,” here the focus is most likely on the activity of teaching, rather than on the content of teaching (although content, of course, is assumed). The genitive, then, is a subjective genitive. Cf TEV.+2:42Lit in the breaking of the bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+2:42Lit They were continuing/constantly busying themselves/spending their time in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of bread and in the prayers. Cf Ac 1:14, 3:1. “Gathering” is presupposed by all the verbal nouns here (cf Ac 1:14, 2:26), sounds much more natural in English with the imperfective aspect and the number of different verbal ideas activated here, and helps the activities mentioned to be processed as occurring frequently and as being distributed over a period of time (cf UBSHS [Ac], 23).+2:43Lit Fear was becoming over every soul. ME. Cf NASB. φόβος ( phobos) in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:43πολλά τε τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα ( polla te terata kai sēmeia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:44Lit were in one place. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 64). Cf TEV.+2:44Lit had all things in common. ME (see L-N, 57.99; UBSHS [Ac], 65). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+2:45See following note.+2:45τὰ κτήματα καὶ τὰς ὑπάρξεις ( ta ktēmata kai tas huparxeis) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent. The following clause has also been subordinated in order to give this element the effect of end-weight (Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied, and/or where English may prefer hypotaxis [see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28]; cf NIV).+2:45See preceding note.+2:45Lit them. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:45Lit in proportion to/to the degree that someone had need. ME. Cf TEV.+2:46Lit and breaking from house to house bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63, 65). Cf NLT+2:46Or humble, or sincere.+2:46Cf 1 Co 11:17-32.+2:47Lit having favor with/among. ME (see BSL, Ac 2:47; sv χάρις; UBSHS [Ac], 66).+3:1IT. NIV, NRSV, TEV.+3:1Lit the hour of prayer the ninth. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Ac], 68). Cf ISV, HCSB, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+3:2Lit being lame from his mother’s womb. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV. τις ἀνὴρ χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ὑπάρχων ( tis anēr chōlos ek koilias mētros autou huarchōn) is in P2, with χωλὸς ἐκ κοιλίας μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ( chōlos ek koilias mētros autou) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore the clause has structured so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:2Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf ISV.+3:2Cf ESV, NRSV, NET, TEV.+3:3Lit he.+3:3Lit asking alms to receive.+3:4Because Peter is the one who is actually doing the speaking, the participle here has been rendered as a finite verb.+3:4Lit at him.+3:4Lit he.+3:5Lit something. ME. Cf NCV, NLT. τι ( ti) is in P2 (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:6ἀργύριον καὶ χρυσίον ( argurion kai chrusion) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction and an adverb (cf TEV) have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:6Lit Silver and gold is not existing/present to me. ME (see ANLEX, sv ὑπάρχω; BDAG, 1029, sv ὑπάρχω 1; BSL, Ac 3:6, sv ὑπάρχω).+3:6τοῦτό ( touto) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative wh-cleft has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:7Lit him.+3:7Lit he.+3:7Lit his.+3:7παραχρῆμα ( parachrēma) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:8Or stopped, or stood.+3:8Lit with them.+3:9Lit saw him walking and praising God.+3:10πρὸς τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην ( pros tēn eleēmosunēn) is in an embedded focal (see BART Display), and therefore the information activated by this constituent has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:11Lit at the portico. ME(H) (see BSL, Ac 3:11; NET Bible Notes, Ac 3:11; UBSHS [Ac], 75). Cf NET.+3:12Lit he answered to the people. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+3:12Lit Men Israelites. ME. Cf HCSB, NASB, NET, NIV.+3:12ἡμῖν ( hēmin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12ἰδίᾳ δυνάμει ἢ εὐσεβείᾳ ( idia dunamei ē eusebeia) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:12Or godliness, or piety.+3:13Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:13Included within the purview of δοξάζω ( doxazō) here is both the giving of honor and the causing of someone to enter into a state of being “clothed” in resurrected glory (see BDAG, δοξάζω, 258, 1, 2).+3:13Cf Is 40-66.+3:13The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, NRSV.+3:14τὸν ἅγιον καὶ δίκαιον ( ton hagion kai dikaion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:14Cf Is 53:11. This is a Messianic title most likely rooted in Is 53:11 (see UBSHS [Ac], 78).+3:14ἄνδρα φονέα ( andra phonea) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus a spacer (drawn from the context; cf NCV) has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:15τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ( ton archēgon tēs zōēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction and an emphatic adjective have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:15Or Pioneer, or Founder, or Source, or Originator, or Ruler.+3:15Lit of which we are witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18. μάρτυρές ( martures) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16ἐπὶ τῇ πίστει τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ ( epi tē pistei tou onomatos autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:16Lit the name of him.+3:16ME/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 170; translation and notes at 1 Co 1:10). Cf TEV at Jn 5:43.+3:16Lit him.+3:17Or And. Cf NKJV.+3:17κατὰ ἄγνοιαν ( kata agnoian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus the clause has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:17Lit that you acted according to ignorance. ME/IT (see BDAG, 13, ἄγνοια, 2.a.; L-N, 32.7).+3:17Cf Lk 23:34; Jn 16:1-3; Ac 13:27; 1Co 2:8; 1Ti 1:13.+3:18Or accomplished, or carried out.+3:18ἃ προκατήγγειλεν διὰ στόματος πάντων τῶν προφητῶν παθεῖν τὸν χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ( ha prokatēngeilen dia stomatos pantōn tōn prophētōn pathein to christon autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this constituent, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:19Cf Dt 30:2; Lam 3:40; Is 55:7; Jl 2:12-13.+3:19Cf Col 2:14.+3:20Lit that appointed times of refreshment/relief may come from the face of the Lord. ME (see ANLEX, 53, sv ἀνάψυξις; BDAG, 75, sv ἀνάψυξις; L-N, 22.35; NAC [Ac], 134). Cf Ps 65:12 in the LXX.+3:20Cf Dt 30:1-10; Es 4:14; Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Zc 12:10-14; Lk 2:25; Ac 1:6; Rm 11:12-16.+3:20Cf 1 Sm 16:1-13; 2 Sm 2:4, 5:1-5.+3:21Lit whom it is necessary for heaven to receive/welcome. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 84). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+3:21Ml 4:6. Cf LXX.+3:21Lit the times of the restoration of all things. ME(OTB). Cf Ml 4:4-5; Mt 17:11; Mk 9:12. ἀποκατάστασις ( apokatastasis) is simply the noun form of ἀποκαθίστημι ( apokathistēmi), with God as the implied agent. Cf ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων ( apokatastaseōs pantōn) here with ἀποκαθιστάνει πάντα ( apokathistanei panta) at Mk 9:12 and ἀποκαταστήσει πάντα ( apokatastēsei panta) at Mt 17:11. Note that ἀποκαθίστημι ( apokathistēmai) is used at Ml 4:6 in the LXX to translate šûḇ in the Hiphil (Ml 3:23 in the LXX); cf Brenton’s translation. Just as in Mt 17:11 and Mk 9:12, the allusion here is to Ml 4:1-6. Ml 4:6 makes it clear that the “things” “turned back” or “brought back” are “hearts.” “All” is used as a shorthand reference to the various levels of relationship mentioned in Ml 4:6. Cf Dt 4:29-31, 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:37-38; 2 Ki 1:1-16; Ml 4:6, Re 11:3-6. Cf also the NET’s rendering of Ml 4:6.+3:21Lit God. Since the implied subject has been made explicit in the preceding clause, a pronoun has been used in translation here.+3:21Lit from an age. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.25).+3:21Cf Dt 4:29-31, 30:1-10, 32:35-43; Ml 4:6. αὐτοῦ προφητῶν ( autou prophētōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:22Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+3:22Lit from among your brothers. ME (see L-N, 11.25). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:22προφήτην ὡς ἐμέ ( prophētēn hōs eme) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:22Or listen, or heed. Both hearing and obedience are in view here (see L-N, 36.14; UBSHS [Ac], 85). Cf NET, TEV.+3:22Cf Mt 17:5.+3:23A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+3:23Dt 18:18-19+3:23Lv 23:29+3:24IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 86).+3:24Lit and all the prophets from Samuel and the successors, as many as spoke. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Ac], 86). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:24καὶ πάντες οἱ προφῆται ἀπὸ Σαμουὴλ καὶ τῶν καθεξῆς ὅσοι ἐλάλησαν ( kai pantes hoi prophētai apo Samuouēl kai tōn kathexēs hosoi elalēsan) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:24Lit announced these days. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NRSV.+3:25Lit you are the sons of the prophets and of the covenant. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 1025, sv υἱός 2.c.β.; UBSHS [Ac], 86). Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:25Or with your forefathers. Lit with your fathers.+3:25Lit saying to Abraham.+3:25Or through.+3:25Or families, or peoples.+3:25Gn 22:18, 26:4+3:26πρῶτον ( prōton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. Repetition (cf ANLEX, 338, sv πρῶτος 2; BDAG, 894, sv πρῶτος 2.b.) has also been used to the same end. Cf Mt 10:5-6, Rm 1:16.
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