BHT with Full Translator’s NotesTitus 2 =
2
“The Gift of God Has Appeared with Salvation for the Whole Human Race”
1 You, however, are to call people to the kind of conduct that agrees with teaching that is sound.+ 2 Older men are to be temperate,+ of honorable conduct, self-controlled, sound in faith, in love, and in endurance. 3 Older women, likewise, are to conduct themselves in a manner that is reverent, not slandering others, not enslaved to too+ much wine, teaching what is good, 4 so that they can train the younger women to love their husbands,+ 5 to be self-controlled, pure, diligent in tending to their duties at home, kind,+ and submissive to their husbands, so that the word of God will not be discredited.+ 6 The younger men, likewise, you must exhort to be self-controlled, 7 in every respect yourself showing to be an example of good deeds, in your teaching demonstrating+ sincerity,+ honorable conduct, 8 and sound instruction+ that is above reproach, so that your opponents may feel ashamed of their behavior,+ having nothing they can say about us that is bad.+ 9 Slaves are to submit themselves in all respects to their masters,+ and are+ to serve them well,+ not being defiant, 10 not misappropriating the things entrusted to them,+ but showing themselves to be at all times trustworthy+ and honest,+ so that they may bring credit+ in all respects to the teaching about God our Savior.+
11 For the gift of God has appeared with salvation+ for the whole human race, 12 shaping us through training and discipline,+ so that we may conduct ourselves in the present age, having renounced ungodly behavior and worldly+ desires,+ in a self-controlled and righteous and godly manner, 13 as we wait expectantly for the arrival+ of our blessed+ hope,+ namely,+ the glorious+ appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus the Messiah, 14 who gave himself for us in order to release us by payment from slavery to every kind of wickedness and cleanse for himself a people who are his treasured possession,+ who are eager to do what is good.
15 These are the things you must teach; exhort and bring correction with full authority. Don’t let anyone look down+ on you.
+1:1In this context, κατὰ ( kata) is most likely signaling purpose, goal, and benefit (see BDAG, 512, sv κατά 4; UBSHS [Tit], 261). The specific advantage must be determined from the nouns in the prepositional phrase. The benefit in this situation would be something like “build up” (cf HCSB, TNT), or “help” (TEV), or “encourage” (CEV), or “further” (RSV) (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Tit], 261). “Build up” or “encourage” sound more natural in English with “faith,” but a bit awkward with “knowledge.” Therefore, a different verb (“spread” [cf 2 Co 2:14]) has been used with the second noun in translation.+1:1The genitive has been interpreted as a subjective genitive. This is reflected in the translation.+1:1See note at “encourage” above.+1:1Or of the truth that accords with the faith. Lit of the truth that is according to religion/godliness/devotion/the faith. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV. The function of κατὰ ( kata) here must again be determined from the context (for a brief discussion, see ESS [Tit and Phm], 262; UBSHS [Tit], 262). Cf also translation and notes at 1 Ti 3:15-16; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:16.+1:2Because of the length of this sentence in Greek, it is difficult to know exactly what ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι ( ep’ elpidi) is meant to be read in connection with. Because it is explicitly mentioned as the basis for “faith” in Rm 4:18, I am inclined to see it as connected with “faith.” However, if this choice is made, it means that ἐπʼ ἐλπίδι should be interpreted as being connected, too, with “knowledge,” since the two are coordinated by καὶ ( kai). Hence, the interpretation reflected in the CJB, NIV, and NCV is also reflected in translation here (ie, interpretation 2 in ESS [Tit and Phm], 16).+1:2This is a more literal rendering of ζωῆς αἰωνίου ( zōēs aiōniou), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+1:2ἀψευδὴς ( apseudēs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore dashes have been used to give this element extra focus. Cf NLT.+1:2Cf 1 Co 2:6-8.+1:3Lit through what is preached, or through the proclamation. Cf Ga 2:7, 1 Th 2:4; 1 Ti 1:11.+1:4γνησίῳ ( gnēsiō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:4Or in our common faith.+1:5Unless otherwise noted (through superscript [ᵖyou] or some other means), all second person pronouns are in the second person singular.+1:5IT. Cf NLT.+1:5τὰ λείποντα ( ta leiponta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative) and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5πρεσβυτέρους ( presbuterous) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:5διεταξάμην ( dietaxamēn) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been translated so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:6Lit If someone is blameless. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:6μιᾶς γυναικὸς (mias gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:6Or a man devoted solely to his wife, or a man married only once, or a man who has only one wife. Lit a husband of one wife, or a man of one woman. ME (see translation and notes at 1 Ti 3:2).+1:6Or whose children are believers, or whose children are trustworthy. Drawing from the BSL at Col 4:7 in translation here (see BSL, Col 4:7, sv πιστός). While it is probably assumed here that the children are believers, I am inclined to agree with the NET Bible Notes, namely, that “the parallel with 1 Tim 3:4…argues for the sense” of trustworthy/faithful/dependable (see NET Bible Notes, Tit 1:6). τέκνα πιστά ( teka pista) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The split element has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:7ἀνέγκλητον ( anenklēton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:7θεοῦ ( theou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:7Lit as a steward of God. ME (see UBSHS [Tit], 272). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, TEV.+1:7Maintaining consistency in translation with 1 Ti 3:8 (see translation and note there).+1:8Lit a lover of what is good. See translation and note at 2 Ti 3:3. The opposite is meant here.+1:9Or word, or message.+1:9Or trustworthy, or faithful. πιστοῦ ( pistou) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been placed at the end of the phrase for extra focus and stress.+1:9κατὰ τὴν διδαχὴν ( kata tēn didachēn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:9δυνατὸς ( dunatos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb (drawn from L-N; see L-N, 74.4) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:9παρακαλέω ( parakaleō) has a broad range of meaning, depending on the context (see translation and notes at 2 Co 1:4).+1:9IT. Cf TEV.+1:9See notes at Mt 18:15 and 1 Ti 5:20. The same applies here.+1:9τοὺς ἀντιλέγοντας ( tous antilegontas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:10Lit deceivers. A verbal form has been used in translation, since ματαιολόγος ( mataiologos) has been translated such as to make sure that any potential connection with 1 Ti 1:6 isn’t lost in translation. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:10“This is true” (cf NLT) has been supplied in translation to ensure that “those of the circumcision” is processed in connection with “the rebellious/empty talkers/deceivers,” since “deceivers” has been translated as a verb (see preceding note).+1:10Lit those from/who belong to the circumcision. ME(H) (see translation and notes at Ac 10:45, 11:2, and Ga 2:12; UBSHS [Tit], 275). Cf CJB, NIV.+1:11IT. “Faith” is implied here (see UBSHS [Tit], 276). Cf 2 Ti 2:18.+1:11ὅλους οἴκους ( holous okious) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:11In 1 Ti 3:8 and Tit 1:17 (see translation and notes there), Paul uses a word that is a compound of the two words used here, and therefore I have translated here in a way similar to how I have translated in those two verses.+1:12Lit of them. Cf CJB, TEV.+1:12Lit A certain one of them has said, a prophet of their own. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+1:12Lit Cretans are always liars, evil beasts, lazy bellies. Following the lead of the ISV in giving the saying a proverbial/poetic feel in English. “Lazy stomachs” means gluttony (see L-N, 8.68). Cf UBSHS (Tit), 277.+1:13Lit This testimony. ME. Cf NCV.+1:14See translation and notes at 2 Ti 1:15. The same verb is used here.+1:15πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:15IT. καθαρός ( katharos) is used twice in this verse, the first time in reference to ritual cleanness, and the second time in reference to moral cleanness (see BDAG, 489, sv καθαρός 2, 3; UBSHS [Tit], 279).+1:15Or to, or with respect to.+1:16Lit They. Cf NLT.+1:16θεὸν ( theon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:16ἀρνοῦνται ( arnountai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:16βδελυκτοὶ καὶ ἀπειθεῖς ( bedeluktoi kai apeitheis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:16ἀδόκιμοί ( adokimoi) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. The lexeme used here (ἀδόκιμος [ adokimos]) is the opposite of δόκιμος ( dokimos), which “pert.[ains] to being genuine on the basis of testing” ( BDAG, 256, sv δόκιμος 1). Cf the translation and notes at 2 Co 13:5, 2 Ti 3:8, and Php 2:22.+2:1Lit You are speak the things that are appropriate to sound teaching. Paul’s use of πρέπω ( prepō) in other contexts (cf 1 Co 11:13; Eph 5:3; 1 Ti 2:10), and the immediate context (see vv 2-10), indicate that conduct is primarily in view here. Cf CJB, NET, NLT. Cf also 1 Co 4:17. ὑγιαινούσῃ ( hugianousē) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been placed at the end of the phrase for extra focus and stress.+2:2νηφαλίους ( nēphalious) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:3οἴνῳ πολλῷ ( oinō pollō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV.+2:4φιλάνδρους ( philandrous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:5Or good.+2:5Translating βλασφημέω ( blasphēmeō) here in the same way as it has been translated at 1 Ti 6:1. Cf ISV, NET.+2:7IT. Cf ISV, NET, NIV.+2:7Or integrity, or purity.+2:8Or a sound message, or sound speech.+2:8Translating ἐντρέπω ( entrepō) in a way similar to how it has been translated at 2 Th 3:14 (see translation and notes there).+2:8μηδὲν φαῦλον ( mēden phaulon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). The split element has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:9ἰδίοις δεσπόταις ( idiois despotais) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:9Cf HCSB.+2:9Lit to be well-pleasing. ME (see ANLEX, 177, sv εὐάρεστος 2; UBSHS [Tit], 288).+2:10Following the interpretation of D. Edmond Hiebert et al in translation here (see ESS [Tit and Phm], 62). Cf L-N, 57.246.+2:10πᾶσαν πίστιν ἀγαθήν ( pasan pistin agathē) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). πίστιν and ἀγαθήν have been placed in clause-final within the ME (see following note) for extra focus and stress.+2:10Lit demonstrating all good trustworthiness. ME (see UBSHS [Tit], 289).+2:10Or may make attractive. Lit may adorn. ME (see ANLEX, 235, sv κοσμέω 2; BDAG, 560, sv κοσμέω 2.b.β.). Cf LEB, NET, TEV.+2:10τὴν διδασκαλίαν τὴν τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ ( tēn didaskalian tēn tou sōtērous hēmōn theou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:11Lit pertaining to salvation. Cf HCSB.+2:12Drawing from BSL in translation here (see BSL, Tit 2:12, sv παιδεύω). Cf Heb 2:10-11, 12:1-13.+2:12κοσμικὰς ( kosmikas) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:12σωφρόνως καὶ δικαίως καὶ εὐσεβῶς ( sōphronōs kai dikaiōs kai eusebōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore ἀρνησάμενοι τὴν ἀσέβειαν καὶ τὰς κοσμικὰς ἐπιθυμίας ( arnēsamenoi tēn asebeian kai tas kosmikas epithumias) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+2:13IT (see BSL, Tit 2:13, sv προσδέχομαι). CJB, NET.+2:13μακαρίαν ( makarian) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:13Cf Rm 8:23-24.+2:13The “glorious appearing” is explaining and defining the content of the hope (see Bloomfield et al in ESS [Tit and Phm], 70). Cf NET, NIV, RSV.+2:13Translating the genitive attributively here. Cf ISV, LEB, NET, NIV.+2:14Or special possession, or chosen possession. Cf the LXX at Ex 19:5, 23:22; Dt 7:6, 14:2, 26:18.+2:15περιφρονείτω ( periphroneitō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.
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