2 Timothy 4 (BHT-FTN)

+1:1Or according to. LSGNT Notes marks κατά ( kata) here as signaling reference (see LSGNT Notes, 2 Ti 2:1, sv). Cf L-N, 89.4.+1:1“Which is in union with Messiah Jesus” modifies “life.” Translating the genitive as an attributed genitive (cf TEV) to ensure that this is clear for English readers.+1:1Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+1:3καθαρᾷ ( kathara) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3Unless otherwise noted (through superscript [ᵖyou] or some other means), all second person pronouns are in the second person singular.+1:3ἀδιάλειπτον ( adialeipton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed toward the end of the clause for extra focus. Cf NET.+1:4ἰδεῖν ( idein) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:4IT. Cf NLT.+1:4Cf LEB, NASB.+1:4χαρᾶς ( charas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit having taken remembrance. ME (see BDAG, 1039, sv ὑπόμνησις 2; UBSHS [2 Ti], 171).+1:5ἀνυποκρίτου ( anupokritou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore repetition and an adverb have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5IT. Cf the next clause.+1:5Lit which. The antecedent has been restated in translation for clarity. Cf TEV.+1:6Lit which is in you through the laying on of my hands. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Ac 6:6; 1 Ti 4:14; UBSHS [1 Ti], 105).+1:7Or a spirit.+1:7πνεῦμα δειλίας ( pneuma deilias) and δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ ( dunameōs kai agapēs kai sōphronismou) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint (before the genitive, more specifically, since this is the main point of contrast) to give extra focus to these elements.+1:7Or and self-control.+1:8Lit the prisoner of him. ME (see UBSHS [Eph], 67, 93; UBSHS [2 Ti], 175). Maintaining consistency in translation with Eph 3:1 and Eph 4:1 (see translation and notes in those places).+1:9Or called, or invited.+1:9Cf Rm 8:31-35.+1:9Here, the aorist participle is functioning in a manner similar to the aorist verbs at Rm 8:29-30 (see translation and notes there; cf also UBSHS [2 Ti], 179). This sounds a bit awkward in the passive in English, though (“which was planned to be given”), and therefore the implied agent (God) has been made explicit in translation, with the verb rendered actively. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:9Cf 1 Co 2:6-8.+1:10Rendering the second participle actively here as well, since the participle in the preceding clause was rendered actively (see note at “planned” above).+1:12καὶ ταῦτα ( kai tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:12δυνατὸς ( dunatos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an amplifier has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:12τὴν παραθήκην μου ( tēn parathēkēn mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ( eis ekeinēn tēn hēmeran) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, which has been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+1:12Or that which I have entrusted to his care.+1:13According the BSL, ἀκούω ( akouō) in this context means “learn” (see BSL, 2 Ti 1:13, sv).+1:13Ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ( hupotupōsin hugiainontōn logōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been translated so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra stress (Lit the pattern of sound words which you heard from me).+1:13Or standard, or model.+1:13ὑγιαινόντων ( hugianontōn) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Or words, or sayings.+1:13Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+1:13Cf 1 Ti 1:14.+1:14Or good, or wonderful. Cf NJB. καλὴν ( kalēn) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:14φύλαξον ( phulaxon) is in a DFE position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:14IT. Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+1:15IT. Cf NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:15Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 186).+1:16Ὀνησιφόρου ( onēsiphorou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:16πολλάκις ( pallakis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition and a comma have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16τὴν ἅλυσίν μου ( tēn halusin mou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative).+1:17σπουδαίως ( spoudaiōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:17Lit and. Koine Greek often used parataxis to link words or clauses when some sort of hypotactic relationship was implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf CEV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:18βέλτιον ( beltion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:18Or you know very well. IT (see NAB and Lenski et al in ESS [2 Ti], 40).+1:18ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν ( osa en Ephesō diēkonēsen) is in P2 (see BART Display), with ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ( en Ephesō) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adjective (cf REB, TNT in ESS [2 Ti], 40) has been used been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress. Italics have also been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+2:1Or in. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:1Lit the grace/gift that is in union with Messiah Jesus. Cf Heb 4:16; 13:9.+2:2Lit heard from me, or learned from me. ME. Cf NLT; translation and note at v 1:13 above; the final clause in this verse.+2:2Or faithful.+2:2Cf 2 Co 2:16; 1 Ti 3. ἱκανός ( hikanos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:2In this context, Paul is referring to an authoritative body of teachings that he teaches and passes on to all the churches (see translation and notes at 1 Co 11:1 and 2 Th 2:15; cf also1 Co 4:17). Cf NLT.+2:2καὶ ἑτέρους ( kai heterous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+2:4The verb here has been interpreted as functioning permissively. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NASB.+2:4τοῦ βίου ( tou biou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ( tō stratologēsanti) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:5Cf NJB.+2:5Lit lawfully. ME. Cf most English translations. νομίμως ( nomimōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME.+2:6πρῶτον ( prōton) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf LEB, HCSB, NASB, NIV, NLT.+2:8Or remember. Cf CEV, HCSB.+2:8Lit according to. ME. Cf ESV, RSV, TEV.+2:8Lit the gospel of me. Translating the genitive as a subjective genitive. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:10The verb has been interpreted as functioning voluntatively in this context. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT; Lock in ESS (2 Ti), 55; translation and notes at Mt 16:25.+2:10πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10Lit the elect, or the chosen ones. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+2:10Cf the translation here with HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV at Lk 20:35, where the same verb is used.+2:10σωτηρίας τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ( sōtērias tēs en Christō Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give the preposed element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+2:10Lit with. ME/IT (see ESS [2 Ti], 57; UBSHS [2 Ti], 200). Cf NET, TEV.+2:10This is a more literal rendering of αἰώνιος ( aiōnios). See UBSHS (Jn), 88. Here “glory” is referring to the glory of the age to come (see BDAG, 257, sv δόξα 1.c.β.). Cf, eg, Mk 10:37, Rm 8:17.+2:11πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:11Cf Lock in ESS (2 Ti), 57.+2:12Cf Mt 10:32-33.+2:13πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:13Cf Rm 3:3.+2:13ἀρνήσασθαι ( arnēsasthai) and ἑαυτὸν ( hauton) are in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow these elements to receive extra focus, with the infinitive in clause-final and the reflexive pronoun in clause-initial.+2:13Cf Nu 23:19; Tit 1:2.+2:14According to BDAG, ὑπομιμνῄσκω ( hupomimnēskō) here has the same meaning as it does at 3 Jn 10 (see BDAG, 1039, sv 1.b.). Cf NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV at 3 Jn 10. ὑπομίμνῃσκε ( hupomimnēke) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+2:14Or not to quarrel about the meaning of words.+2:14ἐπ’ οὐδὲν ( ep’ ouden) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:15Lit yourself. σεαυτὸν ( seauton) is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:15IT. Cf NRSV.+2:15δόκιμον ( dokimon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:15Lit making (or guiding along) a straight path, or cutting a straight line. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 285, sv ὀρθοτομέω; L-N, 33.234; UBSHS [2 Ti], 206).+2:15Or word. Cf Eph 1:14.+2:16τὰς βεβήλους κενοφωνίας ( tas bebēlous kenophōnias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative; here, it points back to previous discussion around this topic; see, eg, 1 Ti 6:20) has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:16βεβήλους ( bebēlous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:16Or worthless, or profane.+2:16ἐπὶ πλεῖον ( epi pleion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this constituent (cf ISV, NIV). A downtoner has also been used to the same end (cf CJB, NLT, TEV).+2:16Or because it [ie, such empty chatter] will only develop into more and more ungodliness. Lit they will progress to more ungodliness. The implied subject here is either referring to people (cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV), or to the empty chatter itself (cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NCV, TEV). For a brief discussion on this, see UBSHS [2 Ti], 207; ESS [2 Ti], 67.+2:17Or their message, or their talk. Lit their word.+2:17Lit have pasture/spreading. ME (see ANLEX, 272, sv νομή; L-N, 84.1; UBSHS [2 Ti], 208).+2:17Or like gangrene. ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ( hōs gangraina nomēn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with γάγγραινα in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus to the embedded element.+2:17Lit of whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus. ME (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 208).+2:18ἠστόχησαν ( ēstochēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:18A result is implied here. Cf ISV. Cf also BDAG, 495, sv καί sv 1.b.ζ.+2:18τινων ( tinōv) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf ISV. The ISV’s interpretation of τὶς ( tis) makes great sense in this context, and has therefore been followed in translation.+2:19The genitive has been interpreted as a subjective genitive. This is reflected in translation. Cf TEV; Alford et al in ESS (2 Ti), 70.+2:19According to L-N, μέντοι ( mentoi) here is functioning as a marker “of contrast, implying the validity of something irrespective of other considerations” ( L-N, 89.130).+2:19Lit is standing. ME (see BDAG, 43, sv ἵστημι 4; TEV). Cf Eph 2:20.+2:19Lit having this seal. ME(H)/IT (see BDAG, 980, sv σφραγίς 4; FSB, 2 Ti 2:19; Lange, Commentary [1 and 2 Ti], 99; L-N, 33.47; NAC [1 and 2 Ti], 218; UBSHS [2 Ti], 211). Cf NCV.+2:19Nu 16:5 (LXX)+2:19πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου ( pas ho onomazō to onoma kuriou) is receiving thematic prominence (see BART Display), and therefore most of the element has been placed in clause-final to give it increased prominence.+2:20Or large, or wealthy. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 212). Cf NET, NLT.+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20Lit some for honor, but others for dishonor. ME (see translation and notes at Rm 9:21).+2:21Lit of these things. τούτων ( toutōn) here is interpreted as referring to the things mentioned in vv 14-17. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NET, NRSV, TEV.+2:21Lit sanctified. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:21IT (see BDAG, 417, sv εὔχρηστος). Note that εὖ ( eu) is built into the lexeme here (see NASB-Dic, #2095, 2173).+2:21εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ( eis pan ergon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:22Lit the passions/evil desires of youth. ME (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 216). Cf CEV. Τὰς νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας ( tas neōterikas epithumias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with νεωτερικὰς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). A demonstrative pronoun has thus been used to give extra focus to the element as a whole (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative), with the embedded element placed in clause-final within the ME to give it primary focus and stress.+2:22IT. Cf NET.+2:22καθαρᾶς ( katharas) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:23μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ( mōras kai apaideutous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:23παραιτοῦ ( paraitou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:24Lit a slave of the Lord.+2:24ἤπιον ( ēpion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:24Cf NASB, NIV; BDAG, 77, sv ἀνεξίκακος.+2:25Or gently. ἐν πραΰτητι ( en prautēti) is P2 (see BART Display), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:25Lit grant them repentance. ME (see BDAG, 640, sv μετάνοια; UBSHS [Ac], 129; UBSHS [2 Ti], 218). Cf TEV.+2:25Cf TEV.+2:26τοῦ διαβόλου ( tou diabolou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:2Or slanderers.+3:2γονεῦσιν ( goneusin) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:3Lit not lovers of good. ME. Cf NJB.+3:5Or having an appearance of devotion/godliness, or having an outward form of religion, or having all the externals of religion/the faith. μόρφωσις ( morphōsis) is referring either to the full and essential contents/features of our religion (ie, “the faith”; see translation and notes at 1 Ti 3:9, 16; ANLEX, 266, sv μόρφωσις 2; DBL Greek, #3673, 1; UBSHS [2 Ti], 224; Rm 2:20), or to an outward appearance of devotion/godliness (see ANLEX, 266, sv μόρφωσις 1; DBL Greek, #3673, 2). The specific example that Paul gives in v 18 (Hymenaeus and Philetus, who have twisted one of the essential features of the faith that they had received, namely, the doctrine of bodily resurrection) is what causes me to lean in favor of the first interpretation, which is reflected in the translation.+3:5τὴν δύναμιν αὐτῆς ( tēn dunamin autēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:5ἀποτρέπου ( apotrepou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:6Lit from these, or belonging to these. Cf KJV, NKJV.+3:6Or silly women, or idle women, or frivilous women. Lit little women. ME (see BDAG, γυναικάριον, 208; L-N, 9.35).+3:6Or who are overwhelmed by sins.+3:6The participles that follow apply to the “foolish women,” not to “those who use deceit to make their way...”. This has been made explicit in translation for clarity. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV+3:7See preceding note. The same applies here.+3:7μηδέποτε εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ἐλθεῖν ( mēdepote eis epignōsin alētheias elthein) is in P2 (see BART Display), with εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). A demonstrative pronoun and colon have been used to give extra focus to the embedded element.+3:8Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς ( Yannēs kai Yambrēs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and dashes have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+3:8IT/ME(H) (see ESS [2 Ti], 94; UBSHS [2 Ti], 226). Cf Ex 7:11, 22; 9:11.+3:8καὶ οὗτοι ( kai houti) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus. καὶ has been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:9Lit Yet they will not progress to more. ME (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 227). Cf REB.+3:9As the comparative clause that follows makes clear, εἰμί ( eimi) here is functioning in a way similar to γίνομαι ( ginomai) (cf BDAG, 285, sv εἰμί 6).+3:9ἔκδηλος πᾶσιν ( ekdēlos pasin) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra stress.+3:9καὶ ἡ ἐκείνων ( kai hē ekeinōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+3:9IT. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+3:10In this context, it seems that we have an example of zeugma, with παρακολουθέω ( parakoloutheō) applying to the datives in vv 10-11 in different senses (for the various senses possible with the word, see ANLEX, 296, sv 1-3; BDAG, 767, sv 1-4; ESS [2 Ti], 97; UBSHS [2 Ti], 228). This is reflected in the translation.+3:10See preceding note.+3:10Or purpose, or determination.+3:11See note at “adhered” above. Cf NLT.+3:11μοι ( moi) is a POD/Topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an active rendering has been used in translation here.+3:11IT (see L-N, 93.405, 93.482, 93.521).+3:11Cf Ac 13-14.+3:11Cf NRSV.+3:11ἐκ πάντων ( ek pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered so as to allow “all” to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress. Cf NET, TEV.+3:12καὶ πάντες οἱ θέλοντες εὐσεβῶς ζῆν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ( kai pantes hoi thelontes eusebōs en Christō Yēsou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:12εὐσεβῶς ( eusebōs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:14Lit knowing from whom you learned. ME (see ESS [2 Ti], 105; FSB, 2 Ti 3:14; L-N, 29.6; NAC [2 Ti], 233; UBSHS [2 Ti], 233).+3:15[τὰ] ἱερὰ γράμματα ( [ta] yera grammata) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ἱερὰ ( yera) in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn). The embedded element has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:15σε ( se) is a POD (see BART Display).+3:15Lit make you wise unto/for/toward salvation. ME (see L-N, 32.36). Cf CJB, NASB, NCV, TEV.+3:15Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+3:16Or Every God-breathed scripture is also...+3:16Or useful.+3:17τοῦ θεοῦ ( tou theou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:17Lit man. ME(OTB) (see ESS [2 Ti], 109, interpretation 2). Cf CEV and TEV.+3:17ἄρτιος ( artios) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion (with the IT made explicit; see, eg, BDAG, 136, sv ἄρτιος; BSL, 2 Ti 3:17, sv ἄρτιος) and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:17πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ( eis pan ergon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:1Cf NIV.+4:2Or word.+4:2Or be ready, or be urgent.+4:2Lit with all patience and teaching. This phrase is interpreted as a hendiadys (ie, a unified idea expressed through coordination). This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, TEV; UBSHS (2 Ti), 241.+4:3Lit they. The plural here is interpreted as an indefinite plural (for more on indefinite plurals, see Wallace, Grammar, 402-3). Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+4:3οὐκ ἀνέξονται ( ouk anexontai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:3ὑγιαινούσης ( hugiainousēs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed at the end of the clause for extra focus and stress.+4:3Lit accumulate to themselves teachers. ME. (see BDAG, 383, ἐπισωρεύω; UBSHS [2 Ti], 242). Cf NIV.+4:3κατὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας ( kata tas idias epithumias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+4:3Lit itching with respect to hearing. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 232, κνήθω; L-N, 25.11; UBSHS [2 Ti], 242). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:4Cf NIV.+4:4ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ( apo tēs alētheias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore μὲν ( men) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:4ἐπὶ τοὺς μύθους ( epi tous muthous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore δὲ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:5Or sober-minded.+4:5Or in all respects, or at all times.+4:5ἔργον εὐαγγελιστοῦ ( ergon euangelistou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the split element.+4:5πληροφόρησον ( plērophorēson) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:6Lit [the appointed time...] has come.+4:6ὁ καιρὸς τῆς ἀναλύσεώς μου ( ho kairos tēs analuseōs mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:6Lit the appointed time of my departure. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.101; UBSHS [Php], 34; UBSHS [2 Ti], 245).+4:7τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ( ton kalon agōna) is in P2, with καλὸν ( kalon) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+4:7Or I have fought the good fight.+4:7τὸν δρόμον ( ton dromon) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:7τὴν πίστιν ( tēn pistin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:8Or Finally.+4:8Cf Jm 1:12 and Re 2:12 (“the victor’s crown of life”) and 1 Co 9:25 (an “imperishable/immortal” victor’s crown). Cf also Rm 8:18-25; Php 3:10-14. δικαιοσύνης ( dikaiosunēs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:8Cf REB, TNT in ESS (2 Ti), 123.+4:10ἐγκατέλιπεν ( enkatelipen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:10νῦν ( nun) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:11Cf NCV.+4:11Μᾶρκον ( Markon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:11Lit for he is of good service/use to me for service/ministry. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NAB, NET, TEV.+4:13The imperative is interpreted as an imperative of request/entreaty (ie, a polite request, used especially when addressing a superior). For more on imperatives of request, see Black, Grammar, 189; Wallace, Grammar, 487-8. Cf NLT.+4:13τὸν φαιλόνην καὶ τὰ βιβλία μάλιστα τὰς μεμβράνας ( ton phailonēn kai ta biblia malista tas membranas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:14πολλά κακὰ ( polla kaka) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with κακὰ in a split position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:15Or our words, or our teaching.+4:15λίαν ( lian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:16οὐδείς ( oudeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered so as to receive extra focus and stress.+4:16πάντες ( pantes) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:16αὐτοῖς ( autois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:17ὁ κύριός ( ho kurios) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+4:17Cf Mt 10:18-22, 24:14; Lk 12:12.+4:18Lit save/deliver me into. Cf Rm 8:23-24.+4:18Or heavenly Kingdom. ἐπουράνιος ( epouranios) signals “originating from, relating to, or inhabiting heaven” ( BSL, 2 Ti 4:18, sv). Here Paul is talking about entering the Messianic Kingdom at the Second Coming (cf v 8: “which the Lord will award to me on that Day”), not the disembodying of the soul at death (Platonism). Origin and quality, therefore, are in view here. Cf Dn 2:31-45.+4:19Ὀνησιφόρου ( Onēsiphorou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:20The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf LEB, ISV, TEV.+4:21πρὸ χειμῶνος ( pro cheimōnos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:21πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+4:22“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.