2
“Give Careful Thought to What I’m Saying”
You, my son, in light of these things, must be strong through+ the gift that is ours in union with Messiah Jesus.+ And the things you have heard me teach+ in the presence of many witnesses: These entrust to trustworthy+ men who will be fit+ to pass the teachings on,+ likewise,+ to others. Join me in suffering as a good soldier of Messiah Jesus. No one serving as a soldier allows himself+ to get tangled up in civilian+ affairs; it is+ his enlisting officer whom he wants to please. Or again,+ if someone competes as an athlete, he cannot win the victor’s crown unless he takes part in the contest according to the rules.+ The farmer who works hard ought to be the first+ to receive a share of the crop. Give careful thought to what I’m saying, for the Lord will give you understanding in all respects.
“Bear in Mind Jesus the Messiah”
Bear in mind+ Jesus the Messiah, raised from the dead, of the seed of David, as is taught+ in the gospel I proclaim,+ on account of which I am suffering hardship even to the point of being chained in prison like a criminal. Yet the word of God is not chained. 10 That is the reason why I am ready+ to endure all+ things for the sake of those whom God has chosen,+ so that they, too, may take part+ in the salvation+ that is found+ in union with Messiah Jesus unto+ glory in the coming age.+ 11 Trustworthy+ is this saying:
If we have shared+ in his death,
we will also share in his life;
12 if we endure,
we will also share in his reign;
if we disown him,
he, likewise, will disown us;+
13 if we are unfaithful,
he remains faithful,++
because himself+ he cannot disown.+
“The Lord Knows Those Who Are His”
14 To these things keep calling people’s attention,+ solemnly warning them in the presence of God against quarreling about words,+ which is of no use at all,+ and leads to the ruin of those who listen. 15 Do everything you can, in regard to your own life and work,+ to present yourself to God as one whom he+ has examined and approved+ as genuine, a worker who has no reason to be ashamed, correctly expounding+ the message+ of truth. 16 Keep away from that empty chatter, however,+ which is so+ irreverent,+ because those who occupy themselves with it will only become more and more+ ungodly,+ 17 and their teaching+ will spread+ like a cancer.+ Take, for example, Hymenaeus and Philetus,+ 18 who have with respect to the truth gone astray,+ claiming that the resurrection has already taken place, and as a result+ are overturning the faith of others.+ 19 The solid foundation set in place+ by God, however, despite these things,+ remains unshaken,+ attested as his own with these words, which are inscribed on it by his seal+: “The Lord knows those who are his,”+ and, “All must forsake wickedness who call on the name of the Lord.+
20 Now in an elegant+ house there are not only precious+ vessels made of gold and silver, but also ordinary+ ones made of wood and baked clay, the former+ whose special+ use results for them in honor, but the latter+ whose common+ use results for them in dishonor.+ 21 If someone thoroughly cleanses himself of the evil things I’ve just described,+ he will be a vessel whose special use will result for him in honor, set apart as a special holy possession and for sacred service,+ of valuable+ use to the Master of the house, prepared for indeed+ every kind of good work.
22 You must flee from those evil desires that so easily tempt the young,+ and chase hard after righteousness, faith, love, and peace, together with others+ who call on the Lord from a pure+ heart. 23 But to those controversies which are so+ foolish and ignorant pay no attention,+ because you know they give rise to quarrels. 24 A slave in the Lord’s service,+ however, must not be quarrelsome, but rather kind+ toward everyone, able to teach, patient and not resentful when wronged,+ 25 correcting his opponents humbly,+ for it may be that God will grant them opportunity to repent+ and come to a knowledge of the truth,+ 26 and that they will come back to their senses and escape the devil’s+ trap, having been captured by him to do his will.
+1:1Or according to. LSGNT Notes marks κατά ( kata) here as signaling reference (see LSGNT Notes, 2 Ti 2:1, sv). Cf L-N, 89.4.+1:1“Which is in union with Messiah Jesus” modifies “life.” Translating the genitive as an attributed genitive (cf TEV) to ensure that this is clear for English readers.+1:1Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+1:3καθαρᾷ ( kathara) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3Unless otherwise noted (through superscript [ᵖyou] or some other means), all second person pronouns are in the second person singular.+1:3ἀδιάλειπτον ( adialeipton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed toward the end of the clause for extra focus. Cf NET.+1:4ἰδεῖν ( idein) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:4IT. Cf NLT.+1:4Cf LEB, NASB.+1:4χαρᾶς ( charas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit having taken remembrance. ME (see BDAG, 1039, sv ὑπόμνησις 2; UBSHS [2 Ti], 171).+1:5ἀνυποκρίτου ( anupokritou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore repetition and an adverb have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5IT. Cf the next clause.+1:5Lit which. The antecedent has been restated in translation for clarity. Cf TEV.+1:6Lit which is in you through the laying on of my hands. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Ac 6:6; 1 Ti 4:14; UBSHS [1 Ti], 105).+1:7Or a spirit.+1:7πνεῦμα δειλίας ( pneuma deilias) and δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ ( dunameōs kai agapēs kai sōphronismou) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint (before the genitive, more specifically, since this is the main point of contrast) to give extra focus to these elements.+1:7Or and self-control.+1:8Lit the prisoner of him. ME (see UBSHS [Eph], 67, 93; UBSHS [2 Ti], 175). Maintaining consistency in translation with Eph 3:1 and Eph 4:1 (see translation and notes in those places).+1:9Or called, or invited.+1:9Cf Rm 8:31-35.+1:9Here, the aorist participle is functioning in a manner similar to the aorist verbs at Rm 8:29-30 (see translation and notes there; cf also UBSHS [2 Ti], 179). This sounds a bit awkward in the passive in English, though (“which was planned to be given”), and therefore the implied agent (God) has been made explicit in translation, with the verb rendered actively. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:9Cf 1 Co 2:6-8.+1:10Rendering the second participle actively here as well, since the participle in the preceding clause was rendered actively (see note at “planned” above).+1:12καὶ ταῦτα ( kai tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:12δυνατὸς ( dunatos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an amplifier has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:12τὴν παραθήκην μου ( tēn parathēkēn mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore εἰς ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ( eis ekeinēn tēn hēmeran) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, which has been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+1:12Or that which I have entrusted to his care.+1:13According the BSL, ἀκούω ( akouō) in this context means “learn” (see BSL, 2 Ti 1:13, sv).+1:13Ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων ( hupotupōsin hugiainontōn logōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been translated so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra stress (Lit the pattern of sound words which you heard from me).+1:13Or standard, or model.+1:13ὑγιαινόντων ( hugianontōn) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Or words, or sayings.+1:13Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+1:13Cf 1 Ti 1:14.+1:14Or good, or wonderful. Cf NJB. καλὴν ( kalēn) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:14φύλαξον ( phulaxon) is in a DFE position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:14IT. Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+1:15IT. Cf NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:15Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 186).+1:16Ὀνησιφόρου ( onēsiphorou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:16πολλάκις ( pallakis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition and a comma have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16τὴν ἅλυσίν μου ( tēn halusin mou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative).+1:17σπουδαίως ( spoudaiōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:17Lit and. Koine Greek often used parataxis to link words or clauses when some sort of hypotactic relationship was implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf CEV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:18βέλτιον ( beltion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:18Or you know very well. IT (see NAB and Lenski et al in ESS [2 Ti], 40).+1:18ὅσα ἐν Ἐφέσῳ διηκόνησεν ( osa en Ephesō diēkonēsen) is in P2 (see BART Display), with ἐν Ἐφέσῳ ( en Ephesō) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adjective (cf REB, TNT in ESS [2 Ti], 40) has been used been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress. Italics have also been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+2:1Or in. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:1Lit the grace/gift that is in union with Messiah Jesus. Cf Heb 4:16; 13:9.+2:2Lit heard from me, or learned from me. ME. Cf NLT; translation and note at v 1:13 above; the final clause in this verse.+2:2Or faithful.+2:2Cf 2 Co 2:16; 1 Ti 3. ἱκανός ( hikanos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:2In this context, Paul is referring to an authoritative body of teachings that he teaches and passes on to all the churches (see translation and notes at 1 Co 11:1 and 2 Th 2:15; cf also1 Co 4:17). Cf NLT.+2:2καὶ ἑτέρους ( kai heterous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+2:4The verb here has been interpreted as functioning permissively. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NASB.+2:4τοῦ βίου ( tou biou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4τῷ στρατολογήσαντι ( tō stratologēsanti) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:5Cf NJB.+2:5Lit lawfully. ME. Cf most English translations. νομίμως ( nomimōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME.+2:6πρῶτον ( prōton) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf LEB, HCSB, NASB, NIV, NLT.+2:8Or remember. Cf CEV, HCSB.+2:8Lit according to. ME. Cf ESV, RSV, TEV.+2:8Lit the gospel of me. Translating the genitive as a subjective genitive. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:10The verb has been interpreted as functioning voluntatively in this context. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT; Lock in ESS (2 Ti), 55; translation and notes at Mt 16:25.+2:10πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10Lit the elect, or the chosen ones. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+2:10Cf the translation here with HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV at Lk 20:35, where the same verb is used.+2:10σωτηρίας τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ( sōtērias tēs en Christō Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give the preposed element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+2:10Lit with. ME/IT (see ESS [2 Ti], 57; UBSHS [2 Ti], 200). Cf NET, TEV.+2:10This is a more literal rendering of αἰώνιος ( aiōnios). See UBSHS (Jn), 88. Here “glory” is referring to the glory of the age to come (see BDAG, 257, sv δόξα 1.c.β.). Cf, eg, Mk 10:37, Rm 8:17.+2:11πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:11Cf Lock in ESS (2 Ti), 57.+2:12Cf Mt 10:32-33.+2:13πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:13Cf Rm 3:3.+2:13ἀρνήσασθαι ( arnēsasthai) and ἑαυτὸν ( hauton) are in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow these elements to receive extra focus, with the infinitive in clause-final and the reflexive pronoun in clause-initial.+2:13Cf Nu 23:19; Tit 1:2.+2:14According to BDAG, ὑπομιμνῄσκω ( hupomimnēskō) here has the same meaning as it does at 3 Jn 10 (see BDAG, 1039, sv 1.b.). Cf NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV at 3 Jn 10. ὑπομίμνῃσκε ( hupomimnēke) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+2:14Or not to quarrel about the meaning of words.+2:14ἐπ’ οὐδὲν ( ep’ ouden) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:15Lit yourself. σεαυτὸν ( seauton) is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:15IT. Cf NRSV.+2:15δόκιμον ( dokimon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:15Lit making (or guiding along) a straight path, or cutting a straight line. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 285, sv ὀρθοτομέω; L-N, 33.234; UBSHS [2 Ti], 206).+2:15Or word. Cf Eph 1:14.+2:16τὰς βεβήλους κενοφωνίας ( tas bebēlous kenophōnias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative; here, it points back to previous discussion around this topic; see, eg, 1 Ti 6:20) has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:16βεβήλους ( bebēlous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:16Or worthless, or profane.+2:16ἐπὶ πλεῖον ( epi pleion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this constituent (cf ISV, NIV). A downtoner has also been used to the same end (cf CJB, NLT, TEV).+2:16Or because it [ie, such empty chatter] will only develop into more and more ungodliness. Lit they will progress to more ungodliness. The implied subject here is either referring to people (cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV), or to the empty chatter itself (cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NCV, TEV). For a brief discussion on this, see UBSHS [2 Ti], 207; ESS [2 Ti], 67.+2:17Or their message, or their talk. Lit their word.+2:17Lit have pasture/spreading. ME (see ANLEX, 272, sv νομή; L-N, 84.1; UBSHS [2 Ti], 208).+2:17Or like gangrene. ὡς γάγγραινα νομὴν ( hōs gangraina nomēn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with γάγγραινα in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus to the embedded element.+2:17Lit of whom are Hymenaeus and Philetus. ME (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 208).+2:18ἠστόχησαν ( ēstochēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:18A result is implied here. Cf ISV. Cf also BDAG, 495, sv καί sv 1.b.ζ.+2:18τινων ( tinōv) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf ISV. The ISV’s interpretation of τὶς ( tis) makes great sense in this context, and has therefore been followed in translation.+2:19The genitive has been interpreted as a subjective genitive. This is reflected in translation. Cf TEV; Alford et al in ESS (2 Ti), 70.+2:19According to L-N, μέντοι ( mentoi) here is functioning as a marker “of contrast, implying the validity of something irrespective of other considerations” ( L-N, 89.130).+2:19Lit is standing. ME (see BDAG, 43, sv ἵστημι 4; TEV). Cf Eph 2:20.+2:19Lit having this seal. ME(H)/IT (see BDAG, 980, sv σφραγίς 4; FSB, 2 Ti 2:19; Lange, Commentary [1 and 2 Ti], 99; L-N, 33.47; NAC [1 and 2 Ti], 218; UBSHS [2 Ti], 211). Cf NCV.+2:19Nu 16:5 (LXX)+2:19πᾶς ὁ ὀνομάζων τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου ( pas ho onomazō to onoma kuriou) is receiving thematic prominence (see BART Display), and therefore most of the element has been placed in clause-final to give it increased prominence.+2:20Or large, or wealthy. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 212). Cf NET, NLT.+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20IT (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 213).+2:20Lit some for honor, but others for dishonor. ME (see translation and notes at Rm 9:21).+2:21Lit of these things. τούτων ( toutōn) here is interpreted as referring to the things mentioned in vv 14-17. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NET, NRSV, TEV.+2:21Lit sanctified. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:21IT (see BDAG, 417, sv εὔχρηστος). Note that εὖ ( eu) is built into the lexeme here (see NASB-Dic, #2095, 2173).+2:21εἰς πᾶν ἔργον ( eis pan ergon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:22Lit the passions/evil desires of youth. ME (see UBSHS [2 Ti], 216). Cf CEV. Τὰς νεωτερικὰς ἐπιθυμίας ( tas neōterikas epithumias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with νεωτερικὰς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). A demonstrative pronoun has thus been used to give extra focus to the element as a whole (in Greek, the article is a weak demonstrative), with the embedded element placed in clause-final within the ME to give it primary focus and stress.+2:22IT. Cf NET.+2:22καθαρᾶς ( katharas) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:23μωρὰς καὶ ἀπαιδεύτους ( mōras kai apaideutous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:23παραιτοῦ ( paraitou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:24Lit a slave of the Lord.+2:24ἤπιον ( ēpion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:24Cf NASB, NIV; BDAG, 77, sv ἀνεξίκακος.+2:25Or gently. ἐν πραΰτητι ( en prautēti) is P2 (see BART Display), and has thus been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:25Lit grant them repentance. ME (see BDAG, 640, sv μετάνοια; UBSHS [Ac], 129; UBSHS [2 Ti], 218). Cf TEV.+2:25Cf TEV.+2:26τοῦ διαβόλου ( tou diabolou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.