6
“As for Any Who Are under the Yoke as Slaves”
As for any who are under the yoke as slaves, their own masters they are to regard as deserving of indeed+ the highest respect, lest the name of God be profaned and our teaching be discredited.+ Those whose masters are believers,+ moreover, must not show them less respect on account of the fact that it is+ their brothers whom they are serving.+ On the contrary, they should render them even better service, since those who will benefit from such+ excellent work are exactly that—+believers—and so dear to them.
“With These We Will Be Content”
These are the things+ you are to continually teach and exhort.If someone teaches things that are contrary to the accepted teachings and refuses to consent+ to the sound+ instruction+ of our Lord Jesus the Messiah and the teaching that promotes a godly+ life,+ he is full of pride and conceit, understanding nothing, having, instead, a sick craving for controversies and quarrels about words,+ which give rise+ to envy, strife, slander, evil suspicions, and constant quarrels from people whose minds are corrupt and who are robbed of the truth, who consider godliness+ to be nothing more than+ a means of financial gain. There is great gain, however,+ in godliness with contentment. We didn’t bring a+ thing into the world, you see, and so+ neither are we able a thing to carry out.+ If+ we have food and clothing,+ though, with these we will be content. Those who are set on becoming rich, however, fall into temptation and a trap and many foolish and harmful desires that plunge people into disaster and utter ruin. 10 The love of money is a root,+ you see,+ of all kinds of evil, as a result of which+ some, in their eagerness to be wealthy,+ have strayed from the faith and pierced their own+ hearts+ with many sorrows.
“Keep Running the Good Race of the Faith”
11 ˢYou, however, servant+ of God, must flee+ from all+ these things. Chase hard after righteousness, a godly life,+ faith, love, patient endurance, and meekness. 12 Keep running the good+ race of the faith,+ receive as your own prize+ the life of the coming age,+ the life+ to which you were summoned+ and with respect to which+ you made the noble+ profession in the presence of a great+ many witnesses. 13 I solemnly charge you in the presence of God, who gives life to all things, and of Messiah Jesus, who in his testimony before Pontius Pilate made the noble+ profession, 14 to observe the way of life that has been laid down+ spotlessly and irreproachably until the appearing of our Lord Jesus the Messiah, 15 which the Sovereign Ruler, who is blessed and stands alone,+ will bring about in indeed+ his own appointed time+—the King of kings and Lord of lords, 16 who alone+ possesses immortality, dwelling in light unapproachable,+ whom no human being has seen or is of seeing capable.+ To him be honor and eternal supremacy! Amen.
17 As for those who are rich in the present+ age, instruct them not to have a prideful and arrogant attitude, and to place their hope not+ in such an uncertain thing as riches,+ but in God, who richly provides us with all things for our enjoyment. 18 Instruct them to show kindness,+ to be rich in good deeds, to be generous+ and ready to share, 19 storing up for themselves a dependable treasure+ for the age to come,+ so that they may receive as their own prize+ the life that is truly+ life.
20 O Timothy, that which has been entrusted to you guard carefully,+ keeping away from that empty chatter which is so+ irreverent,+ and the contradictions of what is called “knowledge,” but which, in fact,+ is not.+ 21 Some, by+ laying claim to such, have with respect to the faith gone astray.+ Grace be with all+ of ᵖyou.
+1:2γνησίῳ ( gnēsiō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3Cf NRSV. An infinitive is used in the Greek text here (lit just as I urged you to remain in Ephesus when I was leaving for Macedonia). The construction doesn’t transfer naturally into the receptor language here (English), and most translations compensate in various ways (cf, eg, ESV, NRSV, ISV, TEV).+1:3Unless otherwise noted (through superscript—ᵖyou—or some other means), all second person pronouns are in the second person singular.+1:3The context indicates that the “different doctrines” are already being taught. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV; UBSHS (1 Ti), 14.+1:3According to BDAG, ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω ( heterodidaskaleō) means “to teach contrary to standard instruction” ( BDAG, 398, sv). Cf also BSL, 1 Ti 1:3, sv; UBSHS (1 Ti), 14 (where the standard teaching is referred to as “accepted teachings”).+1:4ἐκζητήσεις ( ekzētēseis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner (based on context and lexeme; see, eg, L-N, 33.442) has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:4Or idle disputes, or controversies.+1:4Lit the stewardship/management/administration of God. ME (see translation and notes at Eph 1:10; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 1:4; UBSHS [1 Ti], 16). Cf HCSB, NET, TEV.+1:5καθαρᾶς ( katharas) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, RSV.+1:8καλὸς ( kalos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:8νομίμως ( nomimōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:8Lit uses it lawfully. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 21; cf TEV).+1:9The participle here is singular/nominative/masculine, and thus refers to τις ( tis) in the conditional clause. Cf ISV.+1:9δικαίῳ ( dikaiō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:9Or profane.+1:10ἀντίκειται ( antikeitai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:10ὑγιαινούσῃ ( hugiainousē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the phrase has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this element.+1:12Or faithful. πιστόν ( piston) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Cf Rm 10:1-4.+1:14Cf Rm 5:20.+1:14Cf NASB.+1:15Or faithful. πιστὸς καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος ( pistos kai pasēs apodochēs axios) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης ἀποδοχῆς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Inversion and an adverb have thus been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:15ἁμαρτωλοὺς ( hamartōlous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:15πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16ἅπασαν ( hapasan) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+1:18προαγούσας ἐπὶ σὲ ( proagousas epi se) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore τέκνον Τιμόθεε ( teknon Timothee) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:18Lit by them. ME. Cf TEV.+1:18Cf ISV.+1:19The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, NRSV, RSV.+1:19ἐναυάγησαν ( enauagēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:20παιδεύω ( paideuō) in this context is referring to training through divine discipline (see BDAG, 749, sv 2.b.α.).+1:20Cf 1 Co 5:5.+2:2ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ( en huperochē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:2Or godliness.+2:2ἤρεμον καὶ ἡσύχιον βίον ( ēremon kai ‘ēsucion bion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore ἐν πάσῃ εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι ( en pasē eusebeia kai semnotēti) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, which has been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+2:4πάντας ἀνθρώπους ( pantas anthrōpous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ( eis epignōsin alētheias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and colon have been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:5Lit a man, Messiah Jesus. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NRSV.+2:6IT. Cf ESV, NIV.+2:6Or in its own appointed time. Cf Ac 1:7; Eph 1:10, 2:12; Ga 4:4-7.+2:7Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+2:7ἀλήθειαν ( alētheian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:7Or to teach the Gentiles in a trustworthy and true manner. Lit a teacher of the Gentiles in faith/trustworthiness and truth. ME. Cf TEV. “In faith and truth” here can be understood as the content of a message (cf NLT; NIV, TEV), or as the manner in which the message is proclaimed (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 53).+2:8Following the suggestion of the UBSHS in translation (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 54), since Paul is actually expressing a polite command here.+2:8ὁσίους ( hosious) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:8Cf Ps 24:4.+2:8Lit I wish the men to pray in every place lifting up holy hands. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 54). Cf CJB, NIV.+2:9Lit likewise women.+2:9μετὰ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης ( meta aidous kai sōphrosunēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+2:9Or with modesty and self-control.+2:9Or with appropriate clothing. According to ANLEX, καταστολή ( katastolē) here “may denote an adjustment in behavior or dress” (see ANLEX, 222, sv).+2:11Or a wife.+2:11Or without creating disruption, or respectfully. While ἡσυχία ( ēsuchia) can mean silence, it can also refer to disturbing the peace (see translation and notes at 1 Th 4:1-2; 2 Th 3:12; cf also 1 Pt 3:4). 1 Co 14:35, however, seems to favor the interpretation included in the text. Cf NAC (1 Ti), 98; UBSHS (1 Ti), 58. ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ ( en hēsuchia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:12διδάσκειν οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός ( didaskein oude authentein andros) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore δὲ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. Commas have also been used to the same end.+2:12Or over her husband.+2:13Ἀδὰμ ( Adam) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element (cf NASB). γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:13πρῶτος ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:14ἐν παραβάσει ( en parabasei) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:14Lit has come to be in violation/deviation/transgression (of an express command). ME (see BDAG, 707, sv ὁμοίωμα 1; Ibid, 758, sv παραβαίνω 2.b.; UBSHS [1 Ti], 60).+2:15Or through faithfulness to her proper role, such as in bearing children. Lit through childbearing. ME (see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15). This verse is very difficult to interpret (for a good summary of interpretive options, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15). It is possible that διά ( dia) here is signaling a concessive attendant circumstance (see BDAG, 224, sv 3.c.; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15, interpretation 4). If this is the case (which seems to me to be likely), then the article may be pointing us back to Gn 3:16. This is the interpretation reflected in the translation. In this case, the “salvation” being referred to is the redemption of the body (see Rm 8:23).+2:15Cf Rm 8:23.+2:15Or with self-control.+3:1πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:1ἐπισκοπῆς ( episkopēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:1καλοῦ ἔργου ( kalou ergou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. An adverb has also been used to the same end (cf UBSHS [1 Ti], 65).+3:2ἀνεπίλημπτον ( anepilēmpton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:2μιᾶς γυναικὸς ( mias gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:2Or a man devoted solely to his wife, or a man married only once, or a man who has only one wife. Lit a husband of one wife, or a man of one woman. ME. The precise meaning of this phrase is disputed (for a brief summary of the primary interpretive options, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:2; FSB, 1 Ti 3:2; NAC [1 and 2 Ti], 109; UBSHS [1 Ti], 66). The position advocated in the FSB and the NAC is strong in my mind, and is therefore the option represented in the translation (cf CJB, ISV footnote; NEB; NET footnote; NLT). The alternatives, however, have also been included in a footnote.+3:4Or his children obedient under his care, and conducting himself honorably in every respect. Lit children having in submission, with all respectableness/honorable conduct. ME (see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:4; UBSHS [1 Ti], 69). The prepositional phrase here can be applied either to the father or the children.+3:5τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου ( tou idiou oikou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:5ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ( ekklēsias theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6Lit not newly planted. ME (I/F) (see ANLEX, 270, sv νεόφυτος; L-N, 11.21).+3:6Lit lest having become wrapped in smoke. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 386, sv τυφόω 2; L-N, 88.218; UBSHS [1 Ti], 70).+3:6εἰς κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου ( eis krima tou diabolou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:6Or fall into the punishment that would be meted out by the devil. Cf 1 Ti 1:20.+3:7μαρτυρίαν καλὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ( marturian kalēn apo tōn exōthen) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+3:7εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν καὶ παγίδα τοῦ διαβόλου ( eis oneidismon kai pagida tou diabolou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:8Or helpers, or servants. Cf TEV; NCV at Rm 16:1.+3:8οἴνῳ πολλῷ ( oinō pollō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, TEV.+3:8Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 73).+3:9Or holding fast to. In this context, the meaning ἔχω ( echō) is similar to κρατέω ( krateō) at 2 Th 2:15 (see translation and notes there; UBSHS [1 Ti], 73).+3:9καθαρᾷ ( kathara) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:10IT. Genuineness, dependability, and reliability of character are implied by the verb here (see ANLEX, sv δοκιμή 1; L-N, 27.45; BDAG, 255, sv δοκιμάζω 1). Cf 2 Co 8:22; Php 2:22.+3:10εἶτα ( eita) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:10The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+3:10ἀνέγκλητοι ( anenklētoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:11Or women (ie, deaconesses, or femle assistants/helpers). For a brief discussion of interpretative positions here, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:11.+3:11Or faithful.+3:12μιᾶς γυναικὸς ( mias gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12Or men devoted solely to their wives, or men who have married only once, or men who only have one wife. Lit husbands of one wife, or men of one woman. ME. See translation and notes at v 3:2 above. The same options apply here.+3:12τέκνων καὶ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων ( teknōn kalōs kai tōn idiōn oikōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been translated (with καλῶς [ kalōs] incorporated into the verb as an adjective) so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:13βαθμὸν ( bathmon) and καλὸν ( kalon) are in a split relationship to one another (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus to the split element.+3:13βαθμὸν καλὸν καὶ πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ( bathmon kalon kai pollēn parrēsian en pistei tē en Christō Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress. A comma has also been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:13Or boldness, or confidence.+3:13Or with regard to. According to BDAG, in this context “confidence is the result or the accompaniment of faith” (p 781, sv παρρησία 3.b.). Cf L-N, 89.48; 89.26. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+3:13Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+3:14γράφω ( graphō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been converted into a prepositional phrase (cf TEV) so as to allow it to land in clause-final in translation.+3:14The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NCV, NIV,+3:15Cf ISV, NET.+3:15ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ ( en oikō theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16ὁμολογουμένως μέγα ( homologoumenōs mega) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion, an adverb, and commas have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:16Or the mystery of godliness, or the mystery of our devotion. Depending on the context, the word used here (εὐσέβεια [ eusebeia]) can denote (1) devout practice and an attitude of worship and devotion; (2) godly behavior; or (3) the things that form the basis of belief and practice and devotion (see L-N, 53.1, 53.5; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:16; UBSHS [1 Ti], 82). The nature of the content in the rest of the verse, and v 3:9 above, indicate that the third option is most likely in view here. Cf NET, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV. Also, τῆς εὐσεβείας ( tēs eusebeias) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16Lit in flesh. ME (see BDAG, 915, sv σάρξ 2.c.α., 3.a; FBT Chart, C, F, G; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50, Php 2:7, and Rm 8:3). Cf Rm 8:3; Php 2:6-11.+3:16Or was acquitted, or was pronounced righteous, or was set free. Cf Is 50:8.+3:16Or vindicated in a state of spirit (not implying immateriality; see Lk 24:39; notes at 1 Co 15:45), or vindicated by the Spirit. 1 Co 15:45 and 1 Pt 3:18 favor the interpretation of ἐν ( en) as a marker of state or condition (see BDAG, 327, sv 2.a.; cf NAC [1 an 2 Ti], 125). Cf also Lk 24:36 (“they...thought they saw a spirit [πνεῦμα ( pneuma)]” [ESV]). In Rm 1:4, Paul uses κατὰ πνεῦμα ( kata pneuma) (“according to the Spirit/spirit”—see translation and notes there; cf also Is 11:1-3), with the resurrection seemingly portrayed as the means of being “declared/appointed” (cf Ac 13:32-35).+3:16Or to angels. In the LXX, ἄγγελος ( angelos), “angel,” is often used not in reference to celestial beings, but to human messengers (see, eg, Hg 1:13; Ml 2:7). This usage is also found in a number of places in the NT (see, eg, Mt 11:10; Lk 9:52; Jm 2:25). The post-resurrection appearances of Jesus to those who would be his witnesses (see, eg, Lk 24:34 [ὤφθη Σίμωνι ( ōphthē Simōni)]; 1 Co 15:5-8 [where ὤφθη ( ōphthē) is used with a noun in the dative case four times]), make “messengers” just as likely a possibility here as “angels” (here ὤφθη [ ōphthē] is also used with a noun in the dative case [ἀγγέλοις ( angelois)—“to angels/messengers”]). On the other hand, cf Dn 7:1-14; Mt 28:2-7; Mk 16:4-7; Lk 24:1-8; Ac 2:33; Heb 9:11-12.+3:16Or the nations.+3:16Or believed on.+4:1ῥητῶς ( retōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:1Or in later times.+4:1Translating the genitive attributively (cf NET), though the meaning is fairly straightforward however translated (eg, as a genitive of source [NLT]; or a subjective genitive [NIV]).+4:2Lit in/through hypocrisy of liars. ME (see BDAG, 1038, ὑπόκρισις; UBSHS [1 Ti], 98). Translating the genitive as an attributed genitive. Cf NIV.+4:2Or whose consciences are branded with the devil’s mark. Lit who are seared/branded in respect to their own conscience. ME (see ANLEX, 226; sv καυστηριάζω; FSB, 1 Ti 4:2, sv καυστηριάζω; L-N, 27.54; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 4:2; UBSHS [1 Ti], 90).+4:3Or who require people to abstain from food. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV. For a brief summary of interpretive options here, see UBSHS (1 Ti), 91. Cf Col 2:20-23.+4:4πᾶν κτίσμα θεοῦ ( pan ktisma theou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore ὅτι ( hoti), which in this context is signaling explanation (see, eg, LSGNT Notes, 1 Ti 4:4, sv), has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this constituent.+4:4Lit nothing. ME. Cf NET. The context makes it clear that food is being referred to here.+4:4The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+4:4μετὰ εὐχαριστίας ( meta eucharistias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means (cf, eg, LEB, NCV, NET), though an adverbial participle of condition is also possible (cf, eg, ESV, HCSB). The meaning is essentially the same either way.+4:6καλὸς διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ ( kalos diakonos Christou Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:6Cf NASB.+4:6Or sayings. Lit words. In this context, λόγος ( logos) is referring to teachings and the contents of a message (see BDAG, 600, sv λόγος 1.a.β; UBSHS [1 Ti], 97). Cf NIV.+4:6Lit which you have followed. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 97).+4:7Or worthless, or profane.+4:7Lit old-womanish. ME (see ANLEX, sv γραώδης; UBSHS [1 Ti], 98).+4:7παραιτοῦ ( paraitou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:7Cf TEV.+4:8πρὸς ὀλίγον ( pros oligon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an indefinite article and downtoner have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:8πρὸς πάντα ὠφέλιμός ( pros panta ōphelimos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πρὸς πάντα itself in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give the embedded element extra focus and emphasis.+4:8ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς νῦν καὶ τῆς μελλούσης ( epangelian zōēs tēs nun tēs mellousēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an italics and an adverb have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:9Or faithful. πιστὸς καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος ( pistos kai pasēs apodochēs axios) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης ἀποδοχῆς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Inversion and italics have thus been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis+4:10Translating here in the same way as at Col 1:29 (see translation and notes there).+4:11Lit Instruct/command these things and teach [them]. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 102). Cf CEV, NLT.+4:12τῆς νεότητος ( tēs neotētos) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:12τύπος τῶν πιστῶν ( tupos tōn pistōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). τύπος (the DFE) has been placed after τῶν πιστῶν and followed by a comma in order to give it extra focus and stress.+4:13For the range of meaning possible with παράκλησις ( paraklēsis), see translation and notes at 2 Co 1:4.+4:14IT/ME(OTB) (see translation and notes at Ac 6:6; UBSHS [1 Ti], 105).+4:14Lit with the laying on of the hands of the body of elders. Cf CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, RSV, TEV.+4:15Drawing from ANLEX in translation here (see ANLEX, 106, sv μελετάω). “Due attention” is also included, though, since, according the UBSHS, μελετάω ( meletaō) in this context represents “the positive equivalent of ‘Do not neglect’ in the preceding verse” (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 107).+4:15μελέτα ( meleta) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow for this information to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:15Lit be in these things. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 68.20). Cf NIV. ἴσθι ( isthi) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+4:15φανερὰ πᾶσιν ( phanera pasin) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:16Lit to yourself. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+4:16Lit in them. Cf ISV, NASB, NRSV.+4:16ποιῶν ( poiōn) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore τοῦτο ( touto) has been left implicit in translation to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus.+4:16καὶ σεαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου ( kai seauton kai tous akouontas sou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:1IT. Cf NLT. This is obviously the intended meaning here.+5:3ὄντως ( ontōs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:3Lit Honor widows who are truly widows. ME (see BSL, 1 Ti 5:3, sv τιμάω; L-N, 57.117; UBSHS [1 Ti], 112). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:4τέκνα ἢ ἔκγονα ( tekna ē ekgona) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore δέ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this constituent.+5:4Drawing from ANLEX (see ANLEX, 181, sv εὐσεβέω), DBL Greek (see DBL Greek, #2355.2), and L-N (see L-N, 71.29) in translation here, though using “sacred” instead of “religious” (cf NASB, NRSV, RSV, TEV) to activate the notion of piety/godliness. Cf CJB, TEV.+5:4Or their own household. τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον ( ton idion oikon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:4Cf CJB, NET. ἀμοιβὰς ( amoibas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:5ὄντως ( ontōs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:5Cf NET.+5:5Lit and continues in the (her) pleas and the (her) prayers night and day. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf LEB; TEV; BDAG, 424, sv ζάω 1.a.α.+5:6Lit though living. ME. Physical existence is being referred to here (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 115).+5:6τέθνηκεν ( tethnēken) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore ζῶσα ( zōsa) has been used as a spacer to allow this element to land in clause-final, and to give it extra focus.+5:7Lit command/instruct. ME.+5:7καὶ ταῦτα ( kai tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:7ἀνεπίλημπτοι ( anepilēmptoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:8The present indicative has been interpreted as functioning voluntatively in this context. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT.+5:8τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων ( tōn idiōn kai malista oikeiōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore δέ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:8Or the members of his family.+5:8ἤρνηται ( ērnētai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:8ἀπίστου ( apistou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:9ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα ( elatton etōn exēkonta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:9ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς ( henos andros) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ἑνὸς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element, with primary stress falling on the embedded element.+5:9Or a woman devoted solely to her husband, or a woman who was married only once, or a woman who had only one husband. Lit a wife of one husband, or a woman of one man. ME (see translation and notes at 1 Ti 3:2 and 3:12 above. The only difference here is that now the wife is in view, rather than the husband).+5:10ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς ( en ergois kalois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:10Lit the holy ones/saints.+5:10θλιβομένοις ( thlibomenois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:10παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ( panti ergō agathō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:11νεωτέρας ( neōteras) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the phrase has been rendered so as to give this element extra focus and stress.+5:11IT. “On the list” is implied from v 9. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV.+5:11Lit when they have sexual passion against/away from the Messiah. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 120).+5:11γαμεῖν ( gamein) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Obviously, remarriage is in view here. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT.+5:12The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of result. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+5:12Or judgment, or condemnation.+5:12Cf TEV.+5:12ἠθέτησαν ( ēthetēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+5:13Or they get into the habit of being idle/lazy. Lit they learn to be unproductive/idle/lazy. ME (see BDAG, 128, sv ἀργός 1, 3; UBSHS [1 Ti], 121). Cf NCV, NIV, TEV. ἀργαὶ ( argai) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle within the ME has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+5:13Lit And not only idle/unproductive. Cf ISV, TEV.+5:13Or saying things they shouldn’t. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:14See translation and note at 1 Ti 2:8. The same applies here.+5:14μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν ( mēdemian aphormēn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an ascensive adverb and superlative adjective have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+5:14If the interpretation reflected in most English translations is accurate and “the adversary” here is in fact referring to Satan (see BDAG, 88, sv ἀντίκειμαι), then λοιδορίας χάριν ( loidorias charin) here (“for the purpose of slander,” or “for the sake of slander”), means that Satan is stirring up slander through human instruments.+5:15ἤδη ( ēdē) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:16Lit has widows. Cf HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:16Lit the assembly must not be burdened. ME (see ANLEX, 87, sv βαρέω 1; BDAG, 166, βαρέω b; L-N, 57.224; BSL, 1 Ti 3:5:16, sv βαρέω).+5:16ταῖς ὄντως χήραις ( tais ontōs chērais) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ὄντως ( ontōs) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give the embedded element extra focus and emphasis.+5:17καλῶς προεστῶτες ( kalōs proestōtes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:17Or double.+5:17διπλῆς τιμῆς ( diplēs timēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:18This is an imperatival future. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:18ME(OTB/H)/IT (see L-N, 44.6). Cf NLT.+5:18οὐ φιμώσεις ( ou phimōseis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+5:18Dt 25:4+5:18ἄξιος τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ ( axios tou misthou autou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb and inversion have been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+5:18Mt 10:10; Lk 10:7+5:19Both Runge and Levinsohn mark κατὰ πρεσβυτέρου ( kata presbuterou) as a POD/Topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT).+5:19μὴ παραδέχου ( mē paradexhou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity). Keeping κατὰ πρεσβυτέρου ( kata presbuterou) at the beginning of the clause gives this element extra focus through inversion.+5:20Or As for those who persist in sin. Cf NET.+5:20ἐνώπιον πάντων ( enōpion pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+5:20The lexeme here assumes some degree of argumentation in an effort to convince, and also a measure of firmness in the correction (see translation and notes at Mt 18:15).+5:20φόβον ( phobon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adjective has been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+5:20Lit so that the rest also will have fear. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 129). Cf NCV, NET, NIV.+5:22μηδενὶ ( mēdeni) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore the negative particle has been grouped with this element in translation to give it extra focus.+5:22ταχέως ( taxheōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+5:22Lit nor share in the sins of others. ME (see BDAG, κοινωνέω, 1.b.β.; UBSHS [1 Ti], 132).+5:22ἁγνὸν ( hagnon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:23οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ ( oinō oligō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:23τὸν στόμαχον καὶ τὰς πυκνάς σου ἀσθενείας ( ton stomachon kai tas puknas sou astheneias) is interpreted as a hendiadys (for further discussion, see UBSHS [1 Ti], 133). This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:23πυκνάς ( puknas) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf TEV.+5:24πρόδηλοί ( prodēloi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:24καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν ( kai epakolouthousin) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+5:24Lit for others they follow. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NCV, NRSV, TEV.+5:25καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ ( kai ta erga ta kala) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+5:25ἄλλως ( allōs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+5:25Lit those that are otherwise. ME. Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+5:25οὐ δύνανται ( ou dunantai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+6:1πάσης τιμῆς ἀξίους ( pasēs timēs axious) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης τιμῆς itself in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:1Lit so that the name of God and the [our] teaching are not blasphemed/slandered. This is an example of zeugma (ie, where one word applies to two or more different words in a different sense). In this case, “blasphemed,” used in reference to the “name of God,” means to profane (cf translation and notes at Rm 2:24). When used in reference to “the teaching,” it means something along the lines of being “discredited” (cf ISV, NET), or falling into “disrepute” (CJB).+6:2πιστοὺς ( pistous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:2ἀδελφοί ( adelphoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+6:2Lit because they are brothers.+6:2τῆς εὐεργεσίας ( tēs euergesias) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:2πιστοί καὶ ἀγαπητοὶ ( pistoi kai agapētoi) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun, dashes, and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:2Ταῦτα ( tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element.+6:3Drawing from M-M in translation here (see M-M, #4334).+6:3ὑγιαίνουσιν ( hugiainousin) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:3Or words, or sayings.+6:3κατ’ εὐσέβειαν ( kat’ eusebeian) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:3Or the godly teaching, or the teaching according to the faith. Cf translation and note at 1 Ti 3:16; TEV.+6:4Or quarrels about the meaning of words.+6:4Lit from which come. ME. Cf ISV, NET.+6:5Or devotion, or religion, or piety.+6:5πορισμὸν ( porismon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner has been used to this element extra focus and stress. In English, we often downtoners when referring to bad motives. Eg, “He is doing it just to get money.”+6:6ἡ εὐσέβεια μετὰ αὐταρκείας ( hē eusebeia meta autarkeias) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a dummy subject has been used to allow this element to land in clause-final. Cf NRSV, RSV. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to give this element extra focus.+6:7οὐδὲν ( ouden) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered with an indefinite article for extra focus and stress.+6:7 BDAG classifies ὅτι ( hoti) in this context as most likely consecutive, signaling result (p 732, sv 5.c.). Cf LEB, NASB, NCV, NET, NRSV.+6:7ἐξενεγκεῖν τι ( exenenkein ti) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an indefinite article has been used to give extra focus to τι, and inversion used to give extra focus to ἐξενεγκεῖν.+6:8The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+6:8Or food and shelter.+6:10Or the root.+6:10ῥίζα πάντων τῶν κακῶν ( riza pantōn tōn kakōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+6:10Lit of which, or by which, or from which. “The love of money” is the antecedent here.+6:10Lit aspiring to/striving for/eagerly longing for [it]. ME. Cf ISV, NRSV.+6:10ἑαυτοὺς ( heautous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a possessive adjective has been used to give this element extra focus and stress (the TEV has been followed in translation to allow for this).+6:10Cf TEV.+6:11Lit man. ME (OTB) (see ESS [2 Ti], 109, interpretation 2; CEV and TEV at 2 Ti 3:17). Cf, eg, Dt 33:1, Jsh 14:6, Jg 13:6, 1 Sm 2:27.+6:11φεῦγε ( pheuge) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:11The near demonstrative here is interpreted as referring to all of the negative things mentioned in vv 3-10. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, RSV, TEV.+6:11Or devotion.+6:12καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display; confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:12Or Keep fighting the good fight of the faith.+6:12The meaning of ἐπιλαμβάνομαι ( epilambanomai) in this context is similar to λαμβάνω ( lambanō) and καταλαμβάνω ( katalambanō) at Php 3:12-14 and 1 Co 9:24-26 (see translation and notes there; cf UBSHS [1 Ti], 157; TEV). Cf Php 3:10-14; 1 Co 9:24-26. Note that in these passages, eternal life/resurrection is explicitly mentioned as the prize. Cf also Jn 6:40; Heb 12:1-2; Re 2:7, 10.+6:12This is a more literal rendering of τῆς αἰωνίου ζωῆς ( tēs aiōniou zōēs), which most English translations render as “of the eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88. αἰωνίου ( aiōniou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:12Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+6:12Or called, or invited. Cf 1 Th 2:12; Php 3:14+6:12Or when. Some interpreters see καὶ ( kai) here as an example coordination being used for a subordinate or explicative idea (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β., 1.c.; cf CJB, NCV, NIV, RSV, TEV). If this is not the case, then it would seem that εἰς ἣν ( eis hēv) is either (1) functioning on the level of zeugma, applying to the two ideas in different ways (cf, eg, HCSB, ISV, where the first relation is interpreted as directional and the second as reference/respect; and the NRSV, where the first relation is interpreted as directional, but the second as a relation of purpose); or (2) functioning as a second statement of direction/purpose (cf NET).+6:12Or honorable, or good. καλὴν ( kalēn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus.+6:12πολλῶν ( pollōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+6:13Or honorable, or good. καλὴν ( kalēn) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:14Lit to keep/observe the command. ME (see BDAG, 340, ἐντολή 2.b.ζ.; NAC [2 Pt], 361; UBSHS [2 Pt], 138). Cf 1 Co 4:17.+6:15μακάριος καὶ μόνος ( makarios kai monos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+6:15καιροῖς ἰδίοις ( kairois idiois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:15Or in its own appointed time.+6:16μόνος ( monos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:16φῶς ἀπρόσιτον ( phōs aprositon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Inversion has been used to give extra focus to the split element.+6:16δύναται ( dunatai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+6:17νῦν ( nun) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:17ἐπὶ πλούτου ἀδηλότητι ( epi ploutou adēlotēti) and ἐπὶ θεῷ ( epi theō) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed immediately before the counterpoint in order to give extra focus to these elements.+6:17Lit the uncertainty of riches. ME (see BDAG, 19, sv ἀδηλότης). Cf TEV. πλούτου ( ploutou) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+6:18Or to do good.+6:18εὐμεταδότους ( eumetadotous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:19Or a stable/dependable/good reserve. Lit a good foundation. ME (see BDAG, 449, sv θεμέλιος 2.c.). Cf HCSB. It seems that “foundation” here is being used to denote something stable, as opposed to the “uncertainty” of riches (v 17). Cf Mt 6:19-21.+6:19Cf NIV.+6:19Maintaining consistency in translation with 1 Ti 6:12 (see translation and notes there). Cf TEV.+6:19ὄντως ( ontōs) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:20φύλαξον ( phulaxon) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:20βεβήλους ( bebēlous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and comma have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:20Or worthless, or profane.+6:20ψευδωνύμου ( pseudōnumou) is in an embedded focal position, and therefore a spacer has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:20Lit from the falsely called knowledge. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 164).+6:21The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, HCSB, NET, NKJV, NRSV, RSV.+6:21ἠστόχησαν ( ēstochēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf 1 Ti 1:19.+6:21“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here.