BHT with Full Translator’s Notes1 Timothy 4 =
4
“Teach and Have Them Do These Things”
1 Now, the Spirit says very+ clearly that in the last times+ some will forsake the faith, following deceitful spirits and demonic+ teachings, 2 misled by hypocritical liars+ whose consciences no longer bother them,+ 3 who forbid marriage, who require people to abstain from certain foods,+ which God created to be eaten with thanksgiving by those who believe and have come to know the truth. 4 Everything, you see,+ created by God, is good, and no food+ is to be rejected if+ it is+ with thanksgiving that it is being received. 5 Indeed, it is consecrated through the word of God and prayer.
6 With regard to these things, by+ teaching them to the brothers and sisters you will be a good+ servant of Messiah Jesus, constantly nourished+ on the truths+ of the faith and of the good teaching to which you are still faithfully adhering.+ 7 But to irreverent+ and silly+ myths pay no attention;+ rather, keep yourself in training for a godly life.+ 8 Bodily training, you see, has value for a+ thing here or there. A godly life, however, possesses value for all+ things, holding promise+ indeed both for the present life and the life to come. 9 Trustworthy+ is this saying, and deserving of full acceptance. 10 Indeed, to this end we work our hearts out and do everything we possibly can,+ because we have placed our hope in the living God, who is the Savior of all mankind, especially of those who believe.
11 Teach and have them do these things.+ 12 Don’t let anyone look down on you on account of your youth,+ but set for the believers an example,+ in speech, in conduct, in love, in faith, and in purity. 13 Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhorting and encouraging,+ and to teaching. 14 Don’t neglect the gracious gift that is in you, which was given to you through prophetic utterance when the body of elders commissioned+ you by the laying on of hands.+ 15 Give these things careful thought+ and due attention;+ to these things give yourself wholly,+ so that your progress will be to everyone very+ clear and evident. 16 Pay close attention to your life+ and your teaching. Persist in these things,+ because if you do,+ it is+ both yourself and your hearers whom you will be saving.
+1:2γνησίῳ ( gnēsiō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3Cf NRSV. An infinitive is used in the Greek text here (lit just as I urged you to remain in Ephesus when I was leaving for Macedonia). The construction doesn’t transfer naturally into the receptor language here (English), and most translations compensate in various ways (cf, eg, ESV, NRSV, ISV, TEV).+1:3Unless otherwise noted (through superscript—ᵖyou—or some other means), all second person pronouns are in the second person singular.+1:3The context indicates that the “different doctrines” are already being taught. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV; UBSHS (1 Ti), 14.+1:3According to BDAG, ἑτεροδιδασκαλέω ( heterodidaskaleō) means “to teach contrary to standard instruction” ( BDAG, 398, sv). Cf also BSL, 1 Ti 1:3, sv; UBSHS (1 Ti), 14 (where the standard teaching is referred to as “accepted teachings”).+1:4ἐκζητήσεις ( ekzētēseis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner (based on context and lexeme; see, eg, L-N, 33.442) has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:4Or idle disputes, or controversies.+1:4Lit the stewardship/management/administration of God. ME (see translation and notes at Eph 1:10; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 1:4; UBSHS [1 Ti], 16). Cf HCSB, NET, TEV.+1:5καθαρᾶς ( katharas) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, RSV.+1:8καλὸς ( kalos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:8νομίμως ( nomimōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:8Lit uses it lawfully. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 21; cf TEV).+1:9The participle here is singular/nominative/masculine, and thus refers to τις ( tis) in the conditional clause. Cf ISV.+1:9δικαίῳ ( dikaiō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+1:9Or profane.+1:10ἀντίκειται ( antikeitai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:10ὑγιαινούσῃ ( hugiainousē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the phrase has been rendered so as to give extra focus to this element.+1:12Or faithful. πιστόν ( piston) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Cf Rm 10:1-4.+1:14Cf Rm 5:20.+1:14Cf NASB.+1:15Or faithful. πιστὸς καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος ( pistos kai pasēs apodochēs axios) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης ἀποδοχῆς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Inversion and an adverb have thus been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:15ἁμαρτωλοὺς ( hamartōlous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:15πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16ἅπασαν ( hapasan) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:16This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+1:18προαγούσας ἐπὶ σὲ ( proagousas epi se) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore τέκνον Τιμόθεε ( teknon Timothee) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:18Lit by them. ME. Cf TEV.+1:18Cf ISV.+1:19The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, NRSV, RSV.+1:19ἐναυάγησαν ( enauagēsan) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:20παιδεύω ( paideuō) in this context is referring to training through divine discipline (see BDAG, 749, sv 2.b.α.).+1:20Cf 1 Co 5:5.+2:2ἐν ὑπεροχῇ ( en huperochē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:2Or godliness.+2:2ἤρεμον καὶ ἡσύχιον βίον ( ēremon kai ‘ēsucion bion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore ἐν πάσῃ εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι ( en pasē eusebeia kai semnotēti) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, which has been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+2:4πάντας ἀνθρώπους ( pantas anthrōpous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ἀληθείας ( eis epignōsin alētheias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and colon have been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:5Lit a man, Messiah Jesus. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NRSV.+2:6IT. Cf ESV, NIV.+2:6Or in its own appointed time. Cf Ac 1:7; Eph 1:10, 2:12; Ga 4:4-7.+2:7Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+2:7ἀλήθειαν ( alētheian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+2:7Or to teach the Gentiles in a trustworthy and true manner. Lit a teacher of the Gentiles in faith/trustworthiness and truth. ME. Cf TEV. “In faith and truth” here can be understood as the content of a message (cf NLT; NIV, TEV), or as the manner in which the message is proclaimed (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 53).+2:8Following the suggestion of the UBSHS in translation (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 54), since Paul is actually expressing a polite command here.+2:8ὁσίους ( hosious) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:8Cf Ps 24:4.+2:8Lit I wish the men to pray in every place lifting up holy hands. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 54). Cf CJB, NIV.+2:9Lit likewise women.+2:9μετὰ αἰδοῦς καὶ σωφροσύνης ( meta aidous kai sōphrosunēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+2:9Or with modesty and self-control.+2:9Or with appropriate clothing. According to ANLEX, καταστολή ( katastolē) here “may denote an adjustment in behavior or dress” (see ANLEX, 222, sv).+2:11Or a wife.+2:11Or without creating disruption, or respectfully. While ἡσυχία ( ēsuchia) can mean silence, it can also refer to disturbing the peace (see translation and notes at 1 Th 4:1-2; 2 Th 3:12; cf also 1 Pt 3:4). 1 Co 14:35, however, seems to favor the interpretation included in the text. Cf NAC (1 Ti), 98; UBSHS (1 Ti), 58. ἐν ἡσυχίᾳ ( en hēsuchia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:12διδάσκειν οὐδὲ αὐθεντεῖν ἀνδρός ( didaskein oude authentein andros) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore δὲ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. Commas have also been used to the same end.+2:12Or over her husband.+2:13Ἀδὰμ ( Adam) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element (cf NASB). γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:13πρῶτος ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:14ἐν παραβάσει ( en parabasei) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:14Lit has come to be in violation/deviation/transgression (of an express command). ME (see BDAG, 707, sv ὁμοίωμα 1; Ibid, 758, sv παραβαίνω 2.b.; UBSHS [1 Ti], 60).+2:15Or through faithfulness to her proper role, such as in bearing children. Lit through childbearing. ME (see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15). This verse is very difficult to interpret (for a good summary of interpretive options, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15). It is possible that διά ( dia) here is signaling a concessive attendant circumstance (see BDAG, 224, sv 3.c.; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 2:15, interpretation 4). If this is the case (which seems to me to be likely), then the article may be pointing us back to Gn 3:16. This is the interpretation reflected in the translation. In this case, the “salvation” being referred to is the redemption of the body (see Rm 8:23).+2:15Cf Rm 8:23.+2:15Or with self-control.+3:1πιστὸς ( pistos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:1ἐπισκοπῆς ( episkopēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:1καλοῦ ἔργου ( kalou ergou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. An adverb has also been used to the same end (cf UBSHS [1 Ti], 65).+3:2ἀνεπίλημπτον ( anepilēmpton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:2μιᾶς γυναικὸς ( mias gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:2Or a man devoted solely to his wife, or a man married only once, or a man who has only one wife. Lit a husband of one wife, or a man of one woman. ME. The precise meaning of this phrase is disputed (for a brief summary of the primary interpretive options, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:2; FSB, 1 Ti 3:2; NAC [1 and 2 Ti], 109; UBSHS [1 Ti], 66). The position advocated in the FSB and the NAC is strong in my mind, and is therefore the option represented in the translation (cf CJB, ISV footnote; NEB; NET footnote; NLT). The alternatives, however, have also been included in a footnote.+3:4Or his children obedient under his care, and conducting himself honorably in every respect. Lit children having in submission, with all respectableness/honorable conduct. ME (see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:4; UBSHS [1 Ti], 69). The prepositional phrase here can be applied either to the father or the children.+3:5τοῦ ἰδίου οἴκου ( tou idiou oikou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:5ἐκκλησίας θεοῦ ( ekklēsias theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6Lit not newly planted. ME (I/F) (see ANLEX, 270, sv νεόφυτος; L-N, 11.21).+3:6Lit lest having become wrapped in smoke. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 386, sv τυφόω 2; L-N, 88.218; UBSHS [1 Ti], 70).+3:6εἰς κρίμα τοῦ διαβόλου ( eis krima tou diabolou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:6Or fall into the punishment that would be meted out by the devil. Cf 1 Ti 1:20.+3:7μαρτυρίαν καλὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἔξωθεν ( marturian kalēn apo tōn exōthen) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+3:7εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν καὶ παγίδα τοῦ διαβόλου ( eis oneidismon kai pagida tou diabolou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:8Or helpers, or servants. Cf TEV; NCV at Rm 16:1.+3:8οἴνῳ πολλῷ ( oinō pollō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, TEV.+3:8Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 73).+3:9Or holding fast to. In this context, the meaning ἔχω ( echō) is similar to κρατέω ( krateō) at 2 Th 2:15 (see translation and notes there; UBSHS [1 Ti], 73).+3:9καθαρᾷ ( kathara) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:10IT. Genuineness, dependability, and reliability of character are implied by the verb here (see ANLEX, sv δοκιμή 1; L-N, 27.45; BDAG, 255, sv δοκιμάζω 1). Cf 2 Co 8:22; Php 2:22.+3:10εἶτα ( eita) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:10The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+3:10ἀνέγκλητοι ( anenklētoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:11Or women (ie, deaconesses, or femle assistants/helpers). For a brief discussion of interpretative positions here, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:11.+3:11Or faithful.+3:12μιᾶς γυναικὸς ( mias gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12Or men devoted solely to their wives, or men who have married only once, or men who only have one wife. Lit husbands of one wife, or men of one woman. ME. See translation and notes at v 3:2 above. The same options apply here.+3:12τέκνων καὶ τῶν ἰδίων οἴκων ( teknōn kalōs kai tōn idiōn oikōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been translated (with καλῶς [ kalōs] incorporated into the verb as an adjective) so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:13βαθμὸν ( bathmon) and καλὸν ( kalon) are in a split relationship to one another (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus to the split element.+3:13βαθμὸν καλὸν καὶ πολλὴν παρρησίαν ἐν πίστει τῇ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ( bathmon kalon kai pollēn parrēsian en pistei tē en Christō Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress. A comma has also been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:13Or boldness, or confidence.+3:13Or with regard to. According to BDAG, in this context “confidence is the result or the accompaniment of faith” (p 781, sv παρρησία 3.b.). Cf L-N, 89.48; 89.26. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+3:13Cf NASB at 1 Ti 1:14.+3:14γράφω ( graphō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been converted into a prepositional phrase (cf TEV) so as to allow it to land in clause-final in translation.+3:14The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NCV, NIV,+3:15Cf ISV, NET.+3:15ἐν οἴκῳ θεοῦ ( en oikō theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16ὁμολογουμένως μέγα ( homologoumenōs mega) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion, an adverb, and commas have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:16Or the mystery of godliness, or the mystery of our devotion. Depending on the context, the word used here (εὐσέβεια [ eusebeia]) can denote (1) devout practice and an attitude of worship and devotion; (2) godly behavior; or (3) the things that form the basis of belief and practice and devotion (see L-N, 53.1, 53.5; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 3:16; UBSHS [1 Ti], 82). The nature of the content in the rest of the verse, and v 3:9 above, indicate that the third option is most likely in view here. Cf NET, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV. Also, τῆς εὐσεβείας ( tēs eusebeias) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:16Lit in flesh. ME (see BDAG, 915, sv σάρξ 2.c.α., 3.a; FBT Chart, C, F, G; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50, Php 2:7, and Rm 8:3). Cf Rm 8:3; Php 2:6-11.+3:16Or was acquitted, or was pronounced righteous, or was set free. Cf Is 50:8.+3:16Or vindicated in a state of spirit (not implying immateriality; see Lk 24:39; notes at 1 Co 15:45), or vindicated by the Spirit. 1 Co 15:45 and 1 Pt 3:18 favor the interpretation of ἐν ( en) as a marker of state or condition (see BDAG, 327, sv 2.a.; cf NAC [1 an 2 Ti], 125). Cf also Lk 24:36 (“they...thought they saw a spirit [πνεῦμα ( pneuma)]” [ESV]). In Rm 1:4, Paul uses κατὰ πνεῦμα ( kata pneuma) (“according to the Spirit/spirit”—see translation and notes there; cf also Is 11:1-3), with the resurrection seemingly portrayed as the means of being “declared/appointed” (cf Ac 13:32-35).+3:16Or to angels. In the LXX, ἄγγελος ( angelos), “angel,” is often used not in reference to celestial beings, but to human messengers (see, eg, Hg 1:13; Ml 2:7). This usage is also found in a number of places in the NT (see, eg, Mt 11:10; Lk 9:52; Jm 2:25). The post-resurrection appearances of Jesus to those who would be his witnesses (see, eg, Lk 24:34 [ὤφθη Σίμωνι ( ōphthē Simōni)]; 1 Co 15:5-8 [where ὤφθη ( ōphthē) is used with a noun in the dative case four times]), make “messengers” just as likely a possibility here as “angels” (here ὤφθη [ ōphthē] is also used with a noun in the dative case [ἀγγέλοις ( angelois)—“to angels/messengers”]). On the other hand, cf Dn 7:1-14; Mt 28:2-7; Mk 16:4-7; Lk 24:1-8; Ac 2:33; Heb 9:11-12.+3:16Or the nations.+3:16Or believed on.+4:1ῥητῶς ( retōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:1Or in later times.+4:1Translating the genitive attributively (cf NET), though the meaning is fairly straightforward however translated (eg, as a genitive of source [NLT]; or a subjective genitive [NIV]).+4:2Lit in/through hypocrisy of liars. ME (see BDAG, 1038, ὑπόκρισις; UBSHS [1 Ti], 98). Translating the genitive as an attributed genitive. Cf NIV.+4:2Or whose consciences are branded with the devil’s mark. Lit who are seared/branded in respect to their own conscience. ME (see ANLEX, 226; sv καυστηριάζω; FSB, 1 Ti 4:2, sv καυστηριάζω; L-N, 27.54; NET Bible Notes, 1 Ti 4:2; UBSHS [1 Ti], 90).+4:3Or who require people to abstain from food. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV. For a brief summary of interpretive options here, see UBSHS (1 Ti), 91. Cf Col 2:20-23.+4:4πᾶν κτίσμα θεοῦ ( pan ktisma theou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore ὅτι ( hoti), which in this context is signaling explanation (see, eg, LSGNT Notes, 1 Ti 4:4, sv), has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this constituent.+4:4Lit nothing. ME. Cf NET. The context makes it clear that food is being referred to here.+4:4The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+4:4μετὰ εὐχαριστίας ( meta eucharistias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of means (cf, eg, LEB, NCV, NET), though an adverbial participle of condition is also possible (cf, eg, ESV, HCSB). The meaning is essentially the same either way.+4:6καλὸς διάκονος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ ( kalos diakonos Christou Yēsou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:6Cf NASB.+4:6Or sayings. Lit words. In this context, λόγος ( logos) is referring to teachings and the contents of a message (see BDAG, 600, sv λόγος 1.a.β; UBSHS [1 Ti], 97). Cf NIV.+4:6Lit which you have followed. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 97).+4:7Or worthless, or profane.+4:7Lit old-womanish. ME (see ANLEX, sv γραώδης; UBSHS [1 Ti], 98).+4:7παραιτοῦ ( paraitou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:7Cf TEV.+4:8πρὸς ὀλίγον ( pros oligon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an indefinite article and downtoner have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:8πρὸς πάντα ὠφέλιμός ( pros panta ōphelimos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πρὸς πάντα itself in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give the embedded element extra focus and emphasis.+4:8ἐπαγγελίαν ζωῆς τῆς νῦν καὶ τῆς μελλούσης ( epangelian zōēs tēs nun tēs mellousēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an italics and an adverb have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:9Or faithful. πιστὸς καὶ πάσης ἀποδοχῆς ἄξιος ( pistos kai pasēs apodochēs axios) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), with πάσης ἀποδοχῆς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Inversion and italics have thus been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis+4:10Translating here in the same way as at Col 1:29 (see translation and notes there).+4:11Lit Instruct/command these things and teach [them]. ME (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 102). Cf CEV, NLT.+4:12τῆς νεότητος ( tēs neotētos) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:12τύπος τῶν πιστῶν ( tupos tōn pistōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). τύπος (the DFE) has been placed after τῶν πιστῶν and followed by a comma in order to give it extra focus and stress.+4:13For the range of meaning possible with παράκλησις ( paraklēsis), see translation and notes at 2 Co 1:4.+4:14IT/ME(OTB) (see translation and notes at Ac 6:6; UBSHS [1 Ti], 105).+4:14Lit with the laying on of the hands of the body of elders. Cf CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, RSV, TEV.+4:15Drawing from ANLEX in translation here (see ANLEX, 106, sv μελετάω). “Due attention” is also included, though, since, according the UBSHS, μελετάω ( meletaō) in this context represents “the positive equivalent of ‘Do not neglect’ in the preceding verse” (see UBSHS [1 Ti], 107).+4:15μελέτα ( meleta) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow for this information to land in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:15Lit be in these things. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 68.20). Cf NIV. ἴσθι ( isthi) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+4:15φανερὰ πᾶσιν ( phanera pasin) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:16Lit to yourself. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+4:16Lit in them. Cf ISV, NASB, NRSV.+4:16ποιῶν ( poiōn) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore τοῦτο ( touto) has been left implicit in translation to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus.+4:16καὶ σεαυτὸν καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντάς σου ( kai seauton kai tous akouontas sou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.
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