John 8 (BHT-FTN)

+1:1θεὸς ( theos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:4ζωὴ ( zōē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element with the ME (see following note).+1:4Lit in him was life. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 5:26). Cf NLT, TEV. “Life” here doesn’t mean “alive,” but possessing the power to give life as the source of life. Trying to maintain some measure of consistency in translation here with Jn 5:26, so that the connection isn’t lost to English readers.+1:4Cf Ps 36:9.+1:5ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ( en tē skotia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Cf Is 42:5-9; 49:1-6.+1:5Or did not overcome. Here the aorist tense is either functioning gnomically (cf, eg, ISV, NLT, TEV), or is signaling a specific event (cf, eg, HCSB, NRSV).+1:5Or comprehend. Cf 1 Co 2:8. οὐ κατέλαβεν ( ou katelaben) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:6Cf the translation of γίνομαι ( ginomai) here with the translation of παραγίνομαι ( paraginomai) at Mt 3:1 (see notes there; see also L-N, 85.7).+1:7Cf CJB, NLT, and TEV at Jn 5:31-32.+1:7IT. If the “through him” that follows is referring to John the Baptist (as most commentators believe; see UBSHS [Jn], 14), then “the light,” ie, the Messiah/Word, is the implied object of faith here. Cf, eg, Jn 3:15-16, 3:36; 4:39.+1:7Lit through him, or through it. ME. Cf NLT.+1:8Lit that man. Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8IT. The verb is implied from the context. Cf most English translations.+1:9Lit He was.+1:9The participle is interpreted as adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV.+1:9Or The true light, which gives light to every human being, was coming into the world, or He was the true light that gives light to every human being coming into the world. Following the lead of the ISV in translation here. Cf Jn 6:14, 9:39, 11:27, 16:28.+1:10ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ( en tō kosmō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10δι’ αὐτοῦ ( di’ autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10οὐκ ἔγνω ( ouk egnō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+1:11εἰς τὰ ἴδια ( eis ta idia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft construction and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:11Or to his very own creation. Lit to his own things. ME (see NAC [Jn], 114; UBSHS [Jn], 18). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, TEV.+1:11οὐ παρέλαβον ( ou parelabon) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:12τέκνα θεοῦ ( tekna theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Lit who. Cf NET, NIV.+1:13For a discussion of the range of meaning possible with γεννάω ( gennaō), see notes at 1 Pt 1:3. Conception is primarily in view here, with the rest of the birth process also implied on some level. Cf also the translation and notes at Ga 4:21-30.+1:13οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ’ ἐκ θεοῦ ( ouk ex haimatōn oude ek thelēmatos sarkos oude ek thelēmatos andros all’ ek theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and contains a point and counterpoint (see LDGNT). Therefore, the negative particle has been placed immediately before the various parts of the counterpoint in order to give extra this element extra focus and emphasis. Commas have also been used to the same end.+1:13Lit not of bloods. ME(I/F/H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:13).+1:13Lit nor from the will/desire of the flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 19). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf NET.+1:13Or a husband’s decision.+1:14σὰρξ ( sarx) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adjective (cf the translation at Php 2:7) and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:14Lit The Word became flesh. ME (see translation and notes at Rm 8:3 and Php 2:6-8; FBT Chart, C, F, G, I, M, N; UBSHS [Jn], 21). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G, M (see FBT Chart).+1:14Cf, eg, Ex 40:34; Lv 16:2; Nu 9:15.+1:14Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. For a brief discussion of the meaning of μονογενής ( monogenēs), see NET Bibles Notes, Jn 1:16. Cf ISV, NET. In Heb 11:17, the term is used of Isaac, who wasn’t Abraham’s only son, but his “unique” son in the sense that the covenant was to be confirmed with him and the promises to be fulfilled through his line (cf Gn 17:19, 21:12).+1:14According to BDAG, in a number of places in John, “a local sense [is] preserved” with παρά ( para) (see BDAG, 756, sv 1; cf NAC [Jn], 120). V 18 indicates that this is most likely true here at well. The local aspect is signaled in translation here with “the presence of.” Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14πλήρης ( plērēs) is modifying μονογενοῦς ( monogenous). “And who was” is included in translation here to ensure that the following statement is processed in connection with “the matchless Son,” rather than the “Father” (though of course the Father is also full of steadfast mercy and faithfulness!).+1:14Lit full of grace and truth. ME (OTB) (see LALS, sv ἀλήθεια; Ibid, sv χάρις; NAC [Jn], 121; UBSHS [Jn], 22). Cf the LXX and the MT, eg, at Ge 24:27, 47:29; 2 Sa 2:6, 15:20; 2 Ch 32:1; Ne 9:33; Ps 26:3, 30:9, 35:6, 40:10, 54:5, 69:13, 88:11, 89:5, 92:2, 119:138.+1:15Lit and cried out, saying.+1:15οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:15ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:16Lit from his fullness. ME (see translation and notes at Eph 3:19; Col 2:9; BDAG, 829, sv 3.b.; NAC [Jn], 123; Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 1:16; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:57). The UBSHS claims that here πλήρωμα ( plērōma) “is used in a nontechnical sense and refers back to the phrase grace and truth in verse 14” ( UBSHS [Jn], 25, italics original). I disagree. The reference in v 15 to the Son’s pre-existence in the preceding verse makes the “fullness of divine nature” interpretation just as plausible as a limited reference to “grace and truth” in v 14. True, this is only place where the term is used in John’s gospel. Still, this idea was clearly a part of the authoritative body of apostolic teaching that was passed on from church to church, and wasn’t just a part of Paul’s theology (cf 1 Co 11:2, 15:1-3; Ga 1:18, 2:6; Php 2:6-11; 2 Th 2:15; 1 Ti 3:16). “Steadfast love/grace” and “truth/faithfulness” are, of course, an important part of God’s nature, but “fullness” by definition isn’t limited to those aspects.+1:16The LSGNT Notes mark ὅτι ( hoti) here as introducing an explanatory clause (see LSGNT Notes, Jn 1:16, sv).+1:16πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+1:16“Merciful” has been included in the translation to maintain the connection with “steadfast mercy” in vv 14 and 17.+1:16Or blessing. Lit grace. ME (see L-N, 57.103, 88.66; translation and note at “faithfulness” in v 14 above). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:16Or one gracious and merciful gift in return for another, or one gracious and merciful gift in place of another, or one gracious and merciful gift for another, or one gracious and merciful gift corresponding to another. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:16; UBSHS [Jn], 25). Cf Ex 33:13.+1:17ὁ νόμος ( ho nomos) here is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT).+1:17διὰ Μωϋσέως ( dia Mōuseōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit grace and truth. ME (see translation and note at v 14).+1:17διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ( dia Yēsou Christou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit have become, or have been done. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 26. “Shown” is the verb typically used in English translations with these concepts in the OT (see, eg, most English translations at Ex 20:6 and Dt 5:10).+1:18Or The matchless/unique/only God. Following the NET in translation here. For a brief discussion of some of the textual and translational questions involved here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:18.+1:18Lit who is at the bosom of the Father. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 557, sv κόλπος 1; L-N, 34.18; NAC [Jn], 124). Cf NET.+1:19Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see BDAG, 478, sv Ἰουδαῖος, 2.e.β.; NAC [Jn], 126; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:19; UBSHS [Jn], 29; translation and notes at Ac 9:22). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:19Lit to ask, “Who are you?” Cf NIV.+1:20Moving the cataphoric reference/forward-pointing target (see BART Display and LDGNT) forward for the sake of clarity.+1:20Lit and he openly acknowledged, and did not deny but openly acknowledged. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Lit “What then?” ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Ἠλίας ( ēlias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Ml 4:5.+1:21Lit he.+1:21ὁ προφήτης ( ho prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Dt 18:15-18.+1:22ἀπόκρισιν ( apokrisin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so to allow this element to land in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+1:23Lit he.+1:23Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+1:23Is 40:3+1:24Lit were part of the Pharisees, or were from the Pharisees. ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 397, sv Φαρισαῖος; L-N, 11.49; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:24).+1:25EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame (see LDGNT). In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62). The element of surprise is signaled in translation here with an EFE (“why in the world?”).+1:26VPR. See VCC (Mt 3:11).+1:26Or in. So throughout Jn 1.+1:27ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:28ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ( en bēthania) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:28IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:29Lit he.+1:29Or who is going to take away. Scholars are divided as to whether this statement is reflective of John the Baptist’s theology, or that of John himself. If the former is the situation, the cleansing is probably meant to be understood apocalyptically (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 36). John the Baptist’s messages in the other gospels are clearly apocalyptic in orientation (see Mt 3; Lk 3), and, since the Apostle John himself ascribes these words to John the Baptist, there is no reason to doubt that this is reflective of the John the Baptist’s own position. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+1:29Cf Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8-9; Re 17:14.+1:30οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:30ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:30πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31διὰ τοῦτο ( dia toutou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element (and to its left-dislocated referent).+1:31ἐν ὕδατι ( en hudati) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31Cf CJB, TEV.+1:32Or from the sky.+1:33Or upon. When used with verbs of motion, ἐπί ( epi) (with its object in the accusative case, as here) functions as a marker of direction (see BDAG, 364, sv 4.b.; translation and note at “toward” in Mt 3:16).+1:34Both verbs in this verse are in the perfect tense. A stative verb and a present tense verb have been used in translation in an attempt to covey the ongoing results (at the time of the speaker) in English.+1:37Lit heard him speaking. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+1:38Cf NCV, TEV.+1:39IT. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:39παρ’ αὐτῷ ( par’ autō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:39Lit The hour was about the tenth. ME(H). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT.+1:40Lit heard from John. ME. Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+1:40Lit and followed him.+1:41IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 44).+1:41Lit first. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV. τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἴδιον ( ton adelphon ton idion) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore πρῶτον ( prōton) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:41τὸν ἴδιον ( ton idion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:41Cf NCV, TEV.+1:42Lit him.+1:42Κηφᾶς ( kēphas) (“Cephas” in many translations) is the Aramaic surname for Simon (see L-N, 93.211). Cf CJB.+1:42Lit which is translated Peter. ME/IT (see ESL, #4074; L-N, 93.296). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:43Lit he.+1:43IT (see L-N, 93.444).+1:43Lit follow me. ME(H) (see translation and notes at Mt 4:19).+1:45ὃν ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ καὶ οἱ προφῆται ( hon engrapsen Mōusēs en tō nomō kai hoi prophētai) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:45Cf Gn 3:15, 9:27, 12:1-3, 49:8-12; Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-44; Nu 24:15-19; Dt 15:15-18, 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+1:45Cf Is 4:2, 7:14, 9:1-7, 11:1-6, 24:21-25, 28:16, 30:19-26, 42:1-7, 49:1-6, 50:4-9, 52:13-53:12, 55:3-5, 61:1-3, 63:1-6; Jr 23:5-6, 30:9, 30:21, 33:14-16; Ezk 17:22-24, 21:25-27, 34:23-31, 37:15-28; Dn 7:13-14, 9:24-27; Ho 3:4-5; Jl 2:23; Am 9:11-15; Mic 2:12-13, 5:1-4; Hg 2:6-9, 2:21-23; Ac 3:8-10, 6:9-15, 9:9-10, 10:4, 11:4-14, 12:10, 13:7; Ml 3:1, 4:2.+1:46τι ἀγαθὸν ( ti agathon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+1:47ἀληθῶς ( alētōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47Lit in whom. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, and TEV at Jn 2:25; NIV and TEV at Jn 5:42.+1:47δόλος ( dolos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47An allusion to Ps 32:2.+1:48πόθεν ( pothen) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:48EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+1:48Lit to him.+1:48πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι ( pro tou se Phillippon phōnēsai) and ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν ( onta hupo tēn sukēn) are in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverb have been used to give extra focus to these elements.+1:48See note at “it was” earlier in this verse.+1:48φωνῆσαι ( phōnēsai) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been translated such as to allow part of this element to land in clause-final for extra stress.+1:49Cf, eg, 2 Sa 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132.+1:49βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ ( basileus tou Yisraēl) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς ( hoti eipon soi hoti eidon se hupokatō tēs sukēs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb/downtoner (cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50μείζω τούτων ( meizō toutōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:51IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+1:51“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here. Cf ISV, NET.+1:51Or the sky.+1:51An allusion to Gn 28:12.+1:51Cf Gn 28:12; Dn 7:13-14.+2:1Or two days later.+2:1γάμος ( gamos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:3οἶνον ( oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see translation and notes at Mt 8:29; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:4; UBSHS [Jn], 57). Cf HCSB, LEB, NIV.+2:4ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 15:28). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+2:4Lit hour.+2:5ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν ( ho ti an legē humin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:6Lit according to the ritual purification/cleansing of the Jews. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit each holding two or three measures. ME(H) (see L-N, 81.22). Cf most English translations.+2:7Lit told them.+2:8Or to the head servant/steward.+2:9οἶνον ( oinon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:9Lit and didn’t know. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NET, NLT.+2:9οἱ διάκονοι ( hoi diakonoi) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end (cf NCV and TEV).+2:9Lit the man in charge of the banquet.+2:10πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ( pas anthrōpos) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:10Lit every man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 61).+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:10τὸν καλὸν οἶνον ( ton kalon oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:10Lit they. Cf NET, NIV.+2:10IT. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:11Ταύτην ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων ( Tautēn archēn tōn sēmeiōn) is in a split-focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the preposed element has been left in clause-initial for extra focus, while ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ( en Kana tēs Galialias) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to the split element.+2:11Or disclosed. Cf HCSB.+2:13IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:13ἐγγὺς ( engus) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:13Cf Ex 12:14; Dt 16:16.+2:14Lit found in the temple courts. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 298). Cf NLT.+2:14Or pigeons.+2:14IT. Cf NLT.+2:14IT (see L-N, 57.205; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:14). Cf ISV, NET, TEV.+2:15πάντας τά τε πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας ( pantas ta te probata kai tous boas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. The preposed element has also been segmented with commas for extra focus and emphasis.+2:15τῶν κολλυβιστῶν τὸ κέρμα ( tōn kollubistōn to kerma) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The phrase has been structured as to allow the split element to land in clause-final.+2:15τὰς τραπέζας ( tas trapezas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary stress.+2:16Or the pigeons. Cf Lv 5:7-11. Jesus’ anger toward this particular group may be related to them taking advantage of the poor. τὰς περιστερὰς ( tas peristeras) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17γεγραμμένον ( gegrammenon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17Ps 69:9+2:18Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+2:18ποιεῖς ( poieis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity; cf LDGNT), and therefore the phrase has been translated with the demonstrative pronoun directly preceding the information activated by ποιεῖς, to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:18Lit What sign can you show us that/since these things you do? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 68). Cf JB.+2:20τεσσεράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν ( tesserakonta kai hex etesin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:20ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ( en trisin hēmerais) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner/adverb and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:21Lit That one. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+2:21Lit That one was speaking about the sanctuary of his body. The genitive here is functioning appositionally. This is reflected in the translation.+2:22τοῦτο ( touto) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:22“On a number of occasions” is drawn from the imperfect tense here. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 71.+2:22Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4.+2:22Lit and in the word that Jesus had said. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:22Following the lead of the NCV in using parentheses here.+2:23Lit that one.+2:23πολλοὶ ( polloi) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:24Lit because he was knowing all [of them]. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73; translation and notes at Jn 1:48). Note that, as in the case of the imperfect indicative in v 25, imperfective aspect is also encoded in the infinitive here. Vincent’s interpretation in v 25 would also have relevance here, therefore, since v 25 is giving strength and support to these statements (note the presence of γὰρ [ gar] in the final clause there). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT at v 25.+2:25Lit and he had no need that anyone should bear witness about the man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf ISV, CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:25Lit For he himself knew what was in the man. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf CJB, NAB, NCV, NEB, NLT.+3:1Lit a ruler of the Jews. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:1). Cf NET, NIV.+3:1Νικόδημος ( Nikodēmos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:2Lit to him.+3:2ἀπὸ θεοῦ διδάσκαλος ( apo theou didaskalos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). A cleft-construction and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to the preposed element within the ME (see following note).+3:2Lit that you have come from God as a teacher. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 76). Cf NCV, NEB, NLT, TEV.+3:2ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς ( tauta ta sēmeia ha su poieis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+3:2σὺ ( su) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:3EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+3:3IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:3Drawing from L-N in translation here (see L-N, 41.53). In the NT, γεννάω ( gennaō) can variously refer to conception (see, eg, Mt 1:20; Jn 8:41; Ga 4:23), the time in the womb (see, eg, Lk 23:29), actual birth (see, eg, Mt 2:4; Lk 1:57), or the entire process viewed as whole (see, eg, Lk 1:13), depending on the context. Also, when the father’s role is in view, the focus is on the act of procreation (see, eg, BSL, Jn 3:5, sv—“to be or become conceived due to male agency”), ie, “to beget” (see, eg, the ASV, KJV, NKJV, and YLT at Mt 1:1-16). In John 3, the entire process is in view. “Conception” happens when one receives the deposit/down payment/firstfruits of the Spirit (cf Rm 8:23; 2 Co 1:22; Eph 1:14); “gestation” (ie, sanctification) happens between that time and the Second Coming; and “birth” happens at the Second Coming when Jesus’ people are raised from the dead (cf Rm 8:18-23). Unfortunately, there is no precise English equivalent that adequately captures the richness of the concept here.+3:3The adverb used here (ἄνωθεν [ anōthen]) can mean either “from above” or “again” (see BDAG, 92, sv 1, 4; NET Bible Note, Jn 3:3). Nicodemus interprets the statement as meaning “again,” while Jesus Himself probably has both meanings in view here (cf v 5). There are no ideal translation solutions here, since Nicodemus’ response is based on his failure to understand how Jesus is using the word (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 78). Still, to keep the idea from becoming completely lost in translation, it has been included in v 7 as an appositional phrase.+3:3In this context, εἶδον ( eidon) means to “experience” (see BDAG, 279, sv 4)—in the sense of witnessing and taking part in future events (cf, eg, Lk 17:22, 20:35, 22:16-18; 1 Co 6:10, 15:50; Rm 8:22-25; Ga 5:21; Php 3:10-11; 2 Ti 4:18; Re 2:26-29; cf especially “enter” in v 5 below), not in the sense of spiritually “seeing” the Messianic Kingdom abstractly redefined (an example of Christo-Platonism; for many resources on Christo-Platonism, see www.danieltrainingnetwork.org). Cf the rendering here with HCSB and NIV renderings of τυγχάνω ( tunchanō) at Lk 20:35 (where it means to “experience” an event; see BDAG, 1019, sv τυγχάνω 1). Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 77.+3:4γέρων ( gerōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note at the end of this clause).+3:4For the rhetorical function of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+3:4Lit How can a man be given birth to, being old? ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+3:4In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). This is reflected in the translation here. Cf NIV, TEV.+3:4εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ( eis tēn koilian tēs mētros autou) and δεύτερον ( deuteron) are in P2 (see BART Display; LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give these elements extra focus and emphasis (δεύτερον has been incorporated into the verb in translation [cf CJB, NLT]).+3:4 and to be. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, or when some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf NIV.+3:5IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:5Or by/from water and spirit. Cf Is 44:1-5; Ezk 36:24-27, 37:9-10; Jn 1:13; 2 Co 5:17; Ga 4.+3:6Lit by the flesh. Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf translation and notes at Jn 1:13.+3:6Lit is flesh. Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf 1 Co 15:50. σάρξ ( sarx) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6πνεῦμά ( pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6Cf 1 Co 15:35-49. As passages like Lk 24:36-43 (“a ghost [lit πνεῦμα ( pneuma)—“spirit”] does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have” [v 39, NIV]) make clear, “spirit” here doesn’t mean complete immateriality (Christo-Platonism) or total discontinuity with the non-resurrected body. There is continuity with the former body, and yet the new body has properties in its glorified state that allow the person to function in some ways like the angels. Cf Is 44:1-5; Mt 22:29-32; Lk 20:34-37, 24:36-43; Jn 3:8, 20:26-27; Ac 23:6; Rm 8:11; Heb 1:7.+3:7See note at “again” in v 3 above.+3:8The Greek word used here (πνεῦμα [ pneuma]) can mean wind, breath, spirit, or Spirit.+3:8ὅπου θέλει ( hopou thelei) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+3:8Lit where it decides/wants. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 81). Cf Ezk 37:9.+3:8τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ( tēn phōnēn autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:8Lit the sound of it. ME. Cf TEV.+3:8οὕτως ( houtōs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and demonstrative cleft have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:8In Jesus’ resurrected body, which was spirit-like (see Lk 24:37) or angel-like (see Lk 20:36), though not immaterial and completely discontinuous from his earlier body (see Lk 24:39 and Jn 20:27), Jesus was able to suddenly appear and disappear in a way similar to the angels (cf Mt 28:9-10; Mk 16:12; Lk 24:30, 36-43; Jn 20:19-29; Ac 9:3-5), whom God makes “winds” (Heb 1:7).+3:9Lit How can these things happen? ME. Cf NLT.+3:10The article is most likely functioning to underscore “the status and position of Nicodemus as a teacher in Israel” (see UBSHS [Jn], 82; cf Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 3:10; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:95). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+3:10οὐ γινώσκεις ( ou ginōskeis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:11IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:11Or know.\f + ὃ οἴδαμεν ( ho eidamen) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a comma have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:11ὃ ἑωράκαμεν ( ho heōrakamen) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12Lit If I tell you... and you don’t believe. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, or when some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+3:12τὰ ἐπίγεια ( ta epigeia) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma and adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+3:12Lit If I have said to you the things pertaining to the earth and you don’t believe. ME (see ANLEX, 163, sv ἐπίγειος 2; UBSHS [Jn], 83).+3:12For the rhetorical function of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ. Cf NLT.+3:12ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια ( ean eipō humin ta epourania) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed at the end of the sentence for primary focus and stress.+3:12Lit How will you believe if I say to you the heavenly things/matters/occurrences? ME (see ANLEX, 163, sv ἐπίγειος 1, 2; UBSHS [Jn], 83). Cf 2 Co 12:3-4.+3:13Lit And no one has ascended into heaven. ME(OTB) (see FSB, Jn 3:13; NAC [Pr], 236; TEV at Pr 30:4). Cf Dt 30:11-14; Pr 30:4 (see esp TEV); Jn 1:18.+3:13οὐδεὶς ( oudeis) and ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβά ( ho ek tou ouranou kataba) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT). A colon and demonstrative pronoun have been used to give extra focus to the main point (exception/restriction is a forward-pointing device in Greek; see Runge, Disc Grammar, 83-91).+3:13ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:13Cf Dt 30:11-14; Pr 30:4; Dn 7:13-14; Jn 1:18.+3:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:14An allusion to Nu 21:8-9.+3:14Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; UBSHS [Jn], 109; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+3:14ὑψωθῆναι ( hupsōthēnai) is receiving focal prominence here (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:15Although the focus of “eternal life”in the NT is eschatological (see Mt 19:29, 25:46; Mk 10:17, 30; Lk 10:25, 18:18-30; Jn 3:15-16, 6:40, 6:54, 12:25; 1 Co 9:25; Jm 1:12; 1 Jn 2:25; Re 2:10), in some places in John’s writings the new life experienced through the “deposit of the Spirit” (to use Paul’s language; see 2 Co 1:22; Eph 1:14) is also included within its purview (see, eg, Jn 4:14, 6:53, 17:2-3). If God himself is “eternal life” (1 Jn 5:20; cf Jn 1:1-4, 4:14, 5:26), and God gives himself as a gift (through the Spirit) to those who believe, then the gift he gives to those who believe is “eternal life”—not in some generic “quality of life” sense (though “eternal life” does, of course, possess qualities and defining characteristics), but in the sense that God’s own life is at work in them through the eternal Spirit (cf Heb 9:14) until they experience “eternal life” through bodily resurrection (see Jn 4:14, 6:40, 6:44, 6:54; cf Rm 8:18-25; Heb 6:5). In light of this, ἔχω ( exō) in this context means “experience” (see UBSHS [Jn], 88; cf BDAG, 421, sv ἔχω 7; L-N, 90.65), and involves fellowship with the Father and the Son through the Spirit (cf, eg, Jn 6:55-56, 17:3; 1 Jn 1:2-3). Cf Php 3:10-11.+3:15This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:16Or how God loved. Cf translation and notes at 2 Th 2:16.+3:16Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. See translation and notes at Jn 1:14.+3:16τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ( ton huion ton monogenē) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:16Cf NCV. In this context, ἀπόλλυμι ( apollumi) is referring to eternal ruin/punishment in Gehenna (note the contrast with “eternal life”). Cf Mt 10:20; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Th 2:10; Re 13:11-17, 14:9-11. Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 89. It does not refer to the annihilation of the wicked.+3:16This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:16Cf Re 2:10-11.+3:18Conditions are implied in the participles in this verse. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf, eg, Jn 6:53. Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 99.+3:18Lit in him. Cf NCV, TEV.+3:18The presence of ἤδη ( ēdē) in the next part of this verse indicates that the present indicative here is functioning futuristically. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV at Jn 5:24.+3:18Lit already condemned. John is speaking proleptically here (cf translation and notes at Jn 12:31, 16:11). I have signaled this in translation here with “doom,” so that any potential connection with Jn 16:11 isn’t lost for English readers (see translation and notes there). Although proleptic/prophetic perfects typically occur in the apodosis of an implicit or explicit conditional clause (Wallace, Grammar, 581), this is not always the case (see Robertson, Grammar, 898).+3:18Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. See translation and notes at Jn 1:14.+3:19Cf JB.+3:20φαῦλα ( phaulos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:20IT. Cf TEV.+3:20Cf TEV.+3:21ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ( ho poiōn tēn alētheian) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:21Lit who do the truth, or who deal truly. ME(OTB) (see examples cited with Jn 3:21 in BDAG, 42, sv ἀλήθεια 2.b.; L-N, 41.7; UBSHS [Jn], 93). Cf Jn 1:47; 1 Jn 3:5-9. Cf also HCSB, NCV, NIV.+3:21Lit so that it may be made openly/publicly evident/seen/known. ME. Cf ISV.+3:21ἐν θεῷ ( en theō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a rhetorical question and adverb have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:21An emphasis on union with God is present not only in Paul’s writings, but also in John’s (see, eg, Jn 14-17). Cf Mt 5:16; Ga 2:19-20.+3:23ὕδατα πολλὰ ( hudata polla) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:23Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf most English translations.+3:25Lit therefore.+3:25The presence of ἐκ ( ek) here makes it very clear which group started the discussion (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:104).+3:26Cf NEB in UBSHS (Jn), 98.+3:26πάντες ( pantes) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:27EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+3:28Lit You yourselves can bear witness that I said. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 98; translation and notes at 2 Th 1:10). Cf NCV. αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς ( autoi humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore “with your own ears” has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+3:28ἀπεσταλμένος ἔμπροσθεν ἐκείνου ( apestalmenous emprosthen ekeinou) is in an split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:29χαρᾷ ( chara) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and is also a cognate dative. An adjective has thus been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:30Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+3:30IT. The verb from the preceding clause is implied here.+3:31ἄνωθεν ( anōthen) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ἐπάνω πάντων ( epanō pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:31ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 19:26).+3:31Or is above all things.+3:31ἐκ τῆς γῆς ( ek tēs gēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb, demonstrative pronoun, dashes, and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31λαλεῖ ( lalei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31Lit speaks from the earth. ME. Cf 1 Jn 4:6 (see translation and note there).+3:31ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ἐπάνω πάντων ( epanō pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 19:26).+3:32IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 102; translation and notes at Jn 3:11-13). Firsthand knowledge is also implied by μαρτυρέω ( martureō).+3:32μαρτυρεῖ ( marturei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:33A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:33Lit he.+3:33ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf 1 Jn 1:10.+3:34τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ θεοῦ ( ta rhēmata tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:34Lit he.+3:34Lit for he does not give [him] the Spirit by measure. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:34; UBSHS [Jn], 103). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV. ἐκ μέτρου ( ek metrou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:35Lit has given in his hand. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 76.3; NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:35). Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+3:35πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:36A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:36See note at Jn 3:15. The present indicative is functioning futuristically here (note the contrast with “will not see life” [οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν ( ouk opsetai zōēn)] in the next part of the verse).+3:36This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:36A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:36ὁράω ( horaō) in this context means to experience (see BDAG, 719, sv 3). Cf notes at Jn 3:3, 15.+3:36ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ ( hē orgē tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:1Lit that Jesus.+4:1πλείονας μαθητὰς ἢ Ἰωάννης ( pleionas mathētas ē Yōannēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:2IT. Cf NIV, TEV.+4:2Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς ἀλλ’ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ( Yēsous autos all’ hoi mathētai autou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and constitutes a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:4Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; UBSHS [Jn], 109; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+4:4ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4).+4:4IT (see L-N, 93.568).+4:5Cf Gn 33:19, 48:22; Jsh 24:32.+4:6Lit The hour was about the sixth. ME(H). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:7IT. Cf NCV.+4:7The imperative here is as imperative of entreaty (ie, it is functioning as a polite request). Cf NCV, NLT.+4:8τροφὰς ( trophas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:9Ἰουδαῖος ( Youdaios) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note after the final quotation marks in this verse).+4:9γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος ( gunaikos Samaritidos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note after the final quotation marks in this verse).+4:9For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+4:9παρ’ ἐμοῦ ( para emou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:9Lit How can you, being a Jew, ask to drink from me, being a Samaritan woman? ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+4:9Or refuse to have dealings with Samaritans. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:9; UBSHS [Jn], 113). Cf NET, TEV.+4:10Using indirect discourse in translation here (lit “If you had recognized the gift of God and who is the one saying to you, ‘give me to drink’) for more natural transference into English. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:11Lit she.+4:11ἄντλημα ( antlēma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered with an indefinite article for extra focus and stress. Cf NIV.+4:11Cf NIV.+4:12In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:12είζων τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ ( meizōn tou patros hēmōn Yakōb) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a spacer (drawn from the negative answer implied by the question here; see preceding note) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:12Or forefather. Lit father.+4:12αὐτὸς ( autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:14A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+4:14ἐγὼ ( egō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:14This is an οὐ μὴ ( ou mē) + aorist subjunctive construction, which is the strongest and most emphatic form of negation in Koine Greek (see Black, Grammar, 180; Mounce, Grammar, 316; NET Bible Notes, Re 3:3). “Never” is an appropriate translation here, since a temporal marker is present contextually (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα [ eis ton aiōna]). Cf most English translations.+4:14Or spring.+4:14This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+4:15The presence of sir/Lord here suggests an imperative of entreaty (ie, a polite request), despite the prevailing hostilities between Jews and Samaritans. Cf NLT.+4:16Lit he.+4:17ἄνδρα ( andra) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:18Cf NCV, NIV.+4:18πέντε ἄνδρας ( pente andras) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:18Lit he whom you have. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:18νῦν ( nun) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:18ἀληθὲς ( alēthes) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been use to give extra focus to this element. Cf NIV.+4:18Lit This you have said truthfully. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 119). Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NRSV.+4:19προφήτης ( prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore κύριε ( kurie) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:20Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+4:20ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ ( en tō orei toutō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:20“Jews” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context. Cf NLT, TEV.+4:20ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ( en Yerosolumois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, TEV.+4:20Drawing from the BSL in translation here (see BSL, Jn 4:20, sv δεῖ). δεῖ ( dei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:21IT. See note at Jn 2:4. Cf NLT.+4:21Lit an hour.+4:21οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ οὔτε ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ( en tō orei toutō oute in Yerosolumois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:22“Samaritans” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:22Lit You worship what you do not know. ME (see Robertson, Word Pictures, 121; UBSHS [Jn], 121; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:119; cf the use of the neuter in reference to God here with Ac 17:23). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:22“Jews” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context.+4:22Lit We worship what we know. ME (see note at “worship” above). Cf Dt 4:1-14; Ps 147:19-20; Rm 3:1-2, 9:3-5.+4:22ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ( ek tōn Youdaiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf TEV.+4:23Lit an hour.+4:23νῦν ( nun) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+4:23ἀληθινοὶ ( alēthinoi) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:23Or in spirit. Cf TEV. Cf also Jn 3:5, 14:17, 15:26, 16:13; Php 3:3.+4:23τοιούτους τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν ( toihoutous tous proskunoontas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. τοιούτους ( toioutous) has also been rendered with a demonstrative pronoun for extra focus and emphasis.+4:24πνεῦμα ( pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:24Lit must worship.+4:24Or in spirit.+4:24ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ ( en pneumati kai alētheia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adverb/spacer has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:24Cf Jn 3:5, 14:17, 15:26, 16:13; Php 3:3.+4:25Μεσσίας ( Messias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:25Cf Gn 3:15, 49:10; Nu 24:17; Dt 18:15.+4:26Or I myself am he. Cf NLT. I interpret this as a reference to the divine name of Ex 3:14 (see translation and notes at Mt 14:27; cf UBSHS [Jn], 124). This is reflected in the translation. Cf also Ex 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6. The Samaritans recognized the authority of the Pentateuch, which may be one of the reasons Jesus uses this reference here.+4:27μετὰ γυναικὸς ( meta gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:29οὗτός ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus.+4:29In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). This doesn’t necessarily indicate unbelief on the part of the woman, though (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:33). Cf NET, NLT.+4:30IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:30Lit they.+4:30Lit to/toward him.+4:31Lit begging him.+4:31This is an imperative of entreaty.+4:32Cf NLT.+4:32Lit he.+4:32βρῶσιν ἣν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε ( Brōsin hēn humeis ouk oidate) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore ὁ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ( ho eipen autois) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. “To eat” has also been left implicit in translation to the same end (cf NLT).+4:32“Disciples” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context.+4:33τις ( tis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:33In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:34ἐμὸν ( emon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a possessive adjective has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:35Lit You say, do you not? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 128). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV. In Greek, questions that begin with οὐ ( ou) expect an affirmative answer (Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:35τετράμηνός ( tetramēnos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:35λευκαί πρὸς θερισμόν ( leukai pros therismon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:36μισθὸν ( misthon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:36This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+4:36ὁμοῦ ( homou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:37ἄλλος ( allos) is in P2 two times in this verse (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to these elements. Cf LEB.+4:37Following the interpretation of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Jn], 129). Cf JB.+4:38ὑμεῖς ( humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:38Lit I sent you to reap that which you have not labored. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 130). Cf TEV.+4:38ἄλλοι ( alloi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:38IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 130).+4:38εἰς τὸν κόπον αὐτῶν ( eis ton kopon autōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:38Lit and you have entered into their labor. ME (see BDAG, 294, εἰσέρχομαι 2; UBSHS [Jn], 130).+4:39πολλοὶ τῶν Σαμαριτῶν ( polloi tōn Samaritōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Repetition has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:39Lit because of the word of the woman testifying. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:41πολλῷ πλείους ( pollō pleious) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:41Lit because of his word/message/speech. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV.+4:42τῇ γυναικὶ ( tē gunaiki) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:42διὰ τὴν σὴν λαλιὰν ( dia tēn sēn lalian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and an adverb/downtoner have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:42αὐτοὶ ( autoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:43Lit he.+4:44ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι ( en tē idia patridi) and τιμὴν ( timēn) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to τιμὴν.+4:45The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, LEB, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.*4:45(They, too,\f + καὶ αὐτοὶ ( kai autoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, with the intensive pronoun also rendered intensively.+4:46Lit he.+4:46Cf ISV.+4:46IT. Cf CJB, NCV, and TEV at Mt 4:13.+4:48σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ( sēmeia kai terata) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and dashes has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:49This is an imperative of entreaty (ie, an imperative functioning as a polite request). Cf ISV, NLT.+4:50See note at Mk 7:29. The same applies here. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT.+4:51Lit he.+4:51οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ ( hoi douloi autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:52Lit the hour in which. ME. Cf TEV.+4:52κομψότερον ( kompsoteron) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:52ἐχθὲς ὥραν ἑβδόμην ( echthes hōran hebdomēn) is in P2 (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore a cleft, a spacer, and a demonstrative cleft have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:52Lit at the seventh hour. ME(H). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:52See note at “it was” earlier in this verse.+4:53Lit at that same hour. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+4:53Lit he.+4:54Τοῦτο πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ( Touto palin deuteron sēmeiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore Τοῦτο has been left in clause-initial, and ἐλθὼν ἐκ τῆς Ἰουδαίας εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ( elthōn ek tēs Youdaias eis tēn Galilaian) used as a spacer, to give extra focus to this element.+5:1Lit there was a festival of the Jews, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:2Other manuscripts read Bethesda. For a brief discussion of the manuscript variants here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 5:2.+5:2Or in Hebrew.+5:2Lit has five porticos. ME(H) (see translation and notes at Ac 3:11; NET Bible Notes, Jn 5:2).+5:3Lit dried up. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+5:3Some manuscripts add: “waiting for the moving of the water; 4for an angel of the Lord went down at certain seasons into the pool, and stirred the water: whoever stepped in first after the stirring of the water was healed of whatever disease he had” (ESV). For a brief discussion of textual variants here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 5:3.+5:5τριάκοντα [καὶ] ὀκτὼ ἔτη ( triakonta [kai] oktō etē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:6πολὺν χρόνον ( polun chronon) is in P2 (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), in a split position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf TEV.+5:6ὑγιὴς ( hugiēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus.+5:7ἄνθρωπον ( anthrōpon) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. The negative particle has also been grouped with this element to the same end.+5:7πρὸ ἐμοῦ ( pro emou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+5:9Lit It was a Sabbath on that day. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:10Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19). Cf TEV.+5:10σάββατόν ( sabbaton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:11Lit he.+5:11ἐκεῖνός ( ekeinos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:12Lit Who is the man who told you, “take up your mat and walk”? Cf NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:13The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+5:13ὄχλου ( ochlou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+5:13Lit a crowd being in the place. ME. Cf NEB.+5:13Following the lead of the NEB, NCV, and TEV in the structuring of the verse here, for the reasons pointed out in the UBSHS (see UBSHS [Jn], 149).+5:14Lit him.+5:14ὑγιὴς ( hugiēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus.+5:14χεῖρόν τι ( cheiron ti) is in P2 (with the two elements also split from one another; see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+5:15Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19). Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+5:15Ἰησοῦς ( Yēsous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:16Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19). Cf NET, NLT.+5:17The verb here seems to be functioning as an extending-from-past present (for more on the present indicative functioning in this capacity, see Wallace, Grammar, 519-20). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NRSV, NKJV.+5:17ἕως ἄρτι ( heōs arti) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and emphatic adjective have been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:17κἀγὼ ( kagō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καί has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+5:17Cf Jn 1:1-3.+5:18Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19). Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+5:18Or breaking. Cf ESV and RSV at Mt 5:19. Relax is the more likely meaning here (see notes at Mt 11:28, 16:19, 23:4). Cf also Mt 12:1-13; Mk 2:23-3:6; Lk 6:1-11.+5:18πατέρα ἴδιον ( patera idion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a rhetorical question has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:18Lit thereby making, or thus making.+5:18ἴσον τῷ θεῷ ( ison tō theō) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:19οὖν ( oun) here is signaling a resumption of the discourse that began in v 17. For further discussion of οὖν in John’s gospel, see Runge, Disc Grammar, 44-7.+5:19EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+5:19IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+5:19τὸν πατέρα ( ton patera) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:19Lit that one.+5:19ἐκεῖνος ( ekeinos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:19καὶ ὁ υἱὸς ( kai ho huios) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:20πάντα ἃ αὐτὸς ποιεῖ ( panta ha autos poiei) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore γὰρ (gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:20μείζονα τούτων ἔργα ( meizona toutōn erga) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+5:20Cf TEV.+5:20ἵνα ( hina) here is interpreted as signaling result. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NET, NIV, TEV.+5:20Cf Is 29:13-14.+5:21οὓς θέλει ( hous thelei) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:21Or wills, or wishes, or wants. Cf 2 Pt 1:10.+5:22Cf HCSB, NCV.+5:22ὁ πατὴρ ( ho patēr) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element (cf TEV). οὐδὲ γὰρ ( oude gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end (cf HCSB, NCV).+5:22πᾶσαν ( pasan) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore this element within the ME (see following note) has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:22Lit but all judgment has given to the Son. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 155). Cf NAB, Phps.+5:23Cf Ps 72; Is 11:1-5, 42:1-4; Ac 17:31.+5:23A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+5:23Cf JB, NEB, NAB.+5:23Cf Mt 10:40, 13:57; Mk 9:37; Lk 9:48; Jn 4:44,12:44-45.+5:24IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+5:24A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+5:24Lit hears. A call to both attentiveness and an obedient response is implied here (see L-N, 36.14). Cf Dt 18:15-22.+5:24τὸν λόγον μου ( ton logon mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus to the key word. Although the possessive idea isn’t in an embedded focal position as in John 8:51 (see BART Display there), the pronoun still seems to be the key word in this context. Through personal correspondence, I asked Dr. Stephen Levinsohn: “Jn 8:51-52, Jn 14:15, Jn 15:10—In these places, where ‘my word’ or ‘my commandments’ is marked in the BART Display for focal prominence, is the entire constituent receiving extra focus, or is the pronoun mostly in focus, even if it isn’t in an embedded focal position, as in Jn 8:51? Cf also Jn 15:20, 17:6.” This was his response: “In 15:10, the key words are ‘my’ and ‘of my Father’ but, as you say, they haven’t been preposed for focal prominence.” This seems to be the case here as well. Hence, I have limited the italics to the pronoun.+5:24Or word, or message, or teaching. If Dt 18:15-22 is serving as the conceptual backdrop to this statement (which seems probable to me, since the presentation of Jesus as the Prophet who is greater than Moses is such a central feature of John’s gospel), then a rendering like that found in the TEV is best here.+5:24Here the focus seems to be on believing the truth of what the Father said about the Messiah in the OT Scriptures (cf, eg, Jn 2:22, 5:46, 7:38). Hence the rendering here.+5:24Cf Dt 18:15-22; Ac 3:22-23.+5:24See notes at Jn 3:15, 18, 36.+5:24This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+5:24Lit and into condemnation isn’t going to come. Cf Jn 3:18. οὐκ ἔρχεται ( ouk erchetai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:25IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+5:25Lit an hour.+5:25νῦν ( nun) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus.+5:26καὶ τῷ υἱῷ ( kai tō huiō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME (see following note) has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:26Lit For just as the Father has life in himself, so he has granted also to the Son to have life in himself. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 159). Cf JB, NEB, NLT, TEV. V 21 confirms that the interpretation of “life in himself” represented in the NLT and TEV is accurate. Cf Jn 1:4.+5:27ἐξουσίαν ( exousian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:27κρίσιν ( krisin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:27υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ( huios anthrōpou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and colon have been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:27Cf Dn 7.+5:28Lit an hour.+5:29τὰ ἀγαθὰ ( ta agatha) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:29Or to, or unto. Cf Re 20:4-6, 11-15.+5:29τὰ φαῦλα ( ta phaula) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:29Or to, or unto. Cf Re 20:4-6, 11-15.+5:29Cf Jb 34:11; Ps 28:4, 62:12; Pr 24:12; Jr 17:10, 32:19; Mt 16:27; Lk 14:14; Ac 24:15; Rm 2:6, 14:12; 2 Co 5:10; 1 Pt 1:17; Re 2:23, 20:4-6, 20:11-15, 22:12.+5:30καθὼς ἀκούω ( kathōs akouō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:30Lit as I hear. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:30δικαία ( dikaia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf Is 2:1-4, 11:1-5, 42:1-4.+5:30Cf the translation here with that at Mt 6:33. See note there.+5:30Cf Ps 40:7-8.+5:31For the meaning of ἀληθής (alēthēs) in this context, see BDAG, 43, ἀληθής 2. Cf Dt 19:15.+5:32ἄλλος ( allos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf ASV.+5:32Or It is another.+5:32ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:33IT. Cf HCSB, ISV, TEV.+5:33Cf Jn 1:19-27.+5:34παρὰ ἀνθρώπου ( para anthrōpou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME (see following note) has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:34Lit I don’t receive/accept the testimony from man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 164). Cf JB, NEB, NLT.+5:35Lit exult. ME (see LALS, sv ἀγαλλιάω; L-N, 25.133).+5:35Lit in the light of him. ME/IT ( UBSHS [Jn], 165). Cf NLT. While I agree with the interpretation of the UBSHS here (ie, that John’s message is in view here), I would argue that John’s life is also in view. Cf, eg, Mt 11:11; Lk 1:15-16.+5:36Lit I have the testimony/witness greater than that of John. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 165). Cf NEB, NIV, TEV. Translation is a bit tricky here, since one “witness” is a person, and the other a set of acts (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 165).+5:36ἔργον ( ergon) in this context is referring to miraculous deeds (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.α.). Cf, eg, Jn 7:21, 10:32-37.+5:36Following the structuring of the NLT and TEV in translation here. See also UBSHS (Jn), 166.+5:36ἔργον ( ergon) in this context is referring to miraculous deeds (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.α.). Cf, eg, Jn 7:21, 10:32-37.+5:36αὐτὰ τὰ ἔργα ἃ ποιῶ ( auta ta erga ha poiō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the intensive pronoun has been positioned so as to give extra focus to this element (since the left-dislocated information was linked to the first part of the verse in translation).+5:36ἀπέσταλκεν ( apestalken) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:36Cf Ex 3-4.+5:37ἐκεῖνος ( ekeinos) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to the referent of this element. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV.+5:37φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ( phōnēn autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:37πώποτε ( pōpote) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+5:37εἶδος αὐτοῦ ( eidos autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis. Cf Dt 4:12-13; Ex 33:20.+5:38τὸν λόγον ἐν ὑμῖν μένοντα ( ton logon en humin menonta) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+5:38ἐν ὑμῖν ( menonta) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:38Lit he whom that one.+5:38οὐ πιστεύετε ( ou pisteuete) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:39IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 168).+5:39ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:39This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον (zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+5:39ἐκεῖναί ( ekeinai) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:40Or have, or experience, or share in. See note at Jn 3:15. Cf NLT. ἔχητε ( echēte) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore italics and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:41Δόξαν παρὰ ἀνθρώπου ( Doxan para anthrōpou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and a colon have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see note at the end of this verse).+5:41Or praise, or glory.+5:41ME(OTB)/IT. See note at Mt 19:26.+5:41Lit I do not accept/receive praise/glory/honor from men. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 169). Cf NLT.+5:42Lit I know you. ME. Cf TEV. Again, the focus in this context is on character (see translation and notes at Jn 1:48, 2:24-25).+5:42Lit within you (the “you” here is plural). ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+5:42τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ θεοῦ ( tēn agapēn tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. The negative particle has also been placed directly before this element to the same end (cf CJB, HCSB, TEV).+5:43ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 170; translation and notes at 1 Co 1:10). Cf TEV.+5:43ἄλλος ( allos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and a spacer (derived from the context; cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV) have been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:43Lit If another, or If someone else.+5:43τῷ ἰδίῳ ( tō idiō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:43ἐκεῖνον ( ekeinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:43Cf Is 9:13-16; Jr 5:31, 6:13, 14:14, 23:9-39, 27:10-15, 29:9; Ezk 13:1-19; Mic 3:5.+5:44For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ. Cf NLT.+5:44Or glory, or praise.+5:44παρὰ ἀλλήλων ( para allēlōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+5:44Lit when you receive glory/honor/praise from one another. ME (see translation and note at v 41 above).+5:44τὴν δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου θεοῦ ( tēn doxan tēn para tou monou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun, colon, and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:44Or glory, or praise.+5:45It is possible that ἐγὼ ( egō) here is focal (in the BART Display it is marked for focal ambiguity). At the very least, it is providing a foil for “Moses” in the next clause (this is Stephen Levinsohn’s position, which he shared with me through personal correspondence). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+5:46An emphatic form of the pronoun is used here (see Black, Grammar, 66). Italics have thus been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+5:46περὶ ἐμοῦ ( peri emou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+5:47τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν ( tois ekeinou grammasin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ἐκείνου ( ekinou) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore δὲ ( de) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:47Lit of that one.+5:47For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+5:47τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασιν ( tois emois rhēmasin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ἐμοῖς in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give the embedded element extra focus and emphasis.+6:2Lit the signs that he was doing on the sick. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 177). Cf HCSB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:4Lit The Passover was near, the Festival of the Jews. ME. Cf NCV, NLT. τὸ πάσχα ( to pascha) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore this element within the ME has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:5πολὺς ὄχλος ( polus ochlos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:6The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of purpose. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+6:6Lit test him.+6:7διακοσίων δηναρίων ἄρτοι ( diakosiōn dēnariōn artoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb (with the negative marker placed directly before it) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:7Lit two hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24). Cf NIV.+6:7βραχύ ( brachu) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:7Lit Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not enough for them that each one may take a little. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 179). Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+6:8Lit his.+6:9Lit But what are these for so many? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 180). Cf NET, NLT.+6:10Lit with respect to the number about five thousand.+6:11ME(H)/IT. The “loaves” were not long like those in supermarkets today, but were small and round (one person might normally eat three during a meal). Five loaves might have been enough for two people (see L-N, 5.8; UBSHS [Mt], 460).+6:11The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively. For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+6:11IT. The direct object is implied from the context. Cf, eg, ISV, NET.+6:11Or pickled. ME(H)/IT. The fish were not raw, but were cooked or pickled (see UBSHS [Mt], 460; UBSHS [Mk], 205).+6:11Lit they.+6:12Lit he.+6:12Cf HCSB, ISV. See note at Mt 14:20.+6:12περισσεύσαντα ( perisseusanta) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:12τι ( ti) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered with an indefinite article for extra focus (with the negative particle positioned directly in front of it).+6:13Lit So they collected and filled twelve baskets of fragments from the five loaves of barley which abounded to/were leftover by the people. ME (see note at Mt 14:20; UBSHS [Jn], 182). ἐκ ( ek) here is signaling that the five loaves were the original source of the fragments.+6:14Lit he.+6:14Cf Dt 18:15-22.+6:15Lit they. Cf NCV.+6:15Lit that they were about to come and seize him so that they might make him king. ME. Cf NLT.+6:16ὀψία ( opsia) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+6:16Lit his.+6:17σκοτία ( skotia) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress. Cf NIV.+6:18The participle has been interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, LEB, NASB, NKJV, NRSV, RSV.+6:18ἀνέμου μεγάλου ( anemou megalou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final in translation (with the verbal information left implicit; lit because a strong wind was blowing).+6:19Lit about twenty-five or thirty stadia. ME(H). Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT. One stadion was about 600 feet.+6:19ἐγγὺς τοῦ πλοίου ( engus tou ploiou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:20ἐγώ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis (rendered here in more colloquial English).+6:20Or I AM. See notes at Mt 14:27; Jn 4:26. Cf Ex 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6.+6:22πλοιάριον ἄλλο ( ploiarion allo) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb (drawn from the exception/restriction structure) has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+6:22Lit The next day, the crowd that was standing on the other side of the sea saw that a another small boat was not there, except one, and that Jesus did not comes with his disciples into the boat, but only his disciples had departed. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 189). The mismatch in languages is obvious here. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+6:23ἄλλα πλοιά[ρια] ( alla ploia[ria]) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the preposed element.+6:23IT (see L-N, 93.597).+6:23Lit they.+6:24Ἰησοῦς οὐδὲ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ( Yēsous oude hoi mathētai autou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore οὖν ( oun) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. An intensive pronoun has also been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+6:25πότε ( pote) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:26EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+6:26IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+6:26ὅτι εἴδετε σημεῖα ( hoti eidete sēmeia) and ὅτι ἐφάγετε ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων καὶ ἐχορτάσθητε ( hoti ephagete ek tōn artōn kai echortasthēte) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint in order to give extra focus to these elements.+6:26Lit but because you ate from the loaves and were satisfied. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462). Cf CJB, NET, TEV.+6:27This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+6:27ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ( ho huios tou anthrōpou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:27Cf Ex 16:4-5, 35.+6:27ὁ πατὴρ ὁ θεός ( ho patēr ho theos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:27Lit For this one the Father has sealed, God. ME (see BDAG, 980, σφραγίζω 3, 4; UBSHS [Jn], 194). Cf Jn 5:30-47.+6:28Lit the deeds of God. The genitive here is subjective (see BDAG, 390, sv ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+6:28Lit What shall we do so that we may be working/doing the works/deeds of God? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 194). Cf JB, NEB.+6:29Lit This is the work of God. The genitive here is subjective (see BDAG, 390, sv ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf NCV, TEV.+6:30σημεῖον ( sēmeion) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:31Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+6:31τὸ μάννα ( to manna) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:31ἄρτον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( arton ek tou ouranou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+6:31Ps 78:24. Cf Ex 16:4-36.+6:32IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+6:32Μωϋσῆς ( Mōusēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:32ὁ πατήρ μου ( ho patēr mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured to give extra focus to this element.+6:32τὸν ἀληθινόν ( ton alēthinon) is in an embedded split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:33ζωὴν ( zōēn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:34This is an imperative of entreaty (ie, an imperative functioning as a polite request).+6:34πάντοτε ( pantote) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore κύριε ( kurie) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+6:35Or I myself am. See notes at Mt 14:27; Jn 4:26. Cf Ex 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6.+6:35Conditions are implied in the participles here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:35πρὸς ( pros) typically takes μέ (see Black, Grammar, 68). When used with ἐμέ ( eme), the pronoun is emphatic (cf UBSHS [Lk], 68). Italics have thus been used to give extra emphasis to the pronoun.+6:37The neuter gender is used here, but the meaning is people (see UBSHS [Jn], 199). Cf CJB, HCSB, LEB, NET, TEV. It may be that the neuter is taking us back to the “broken pieces” mentioned in v 12, where they are used as a prophetic picture of those who are “gathered.” Cf v 39 (where ἀπόλλυμι [ apollumi], the same verb that is used in Jn 6:12, is used).+6:37Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 242, δίδωμι 5.b.). Cf Is 8:18.+6:37πρὸς ( pros) typically takes μέ ( me) (see Black, Grammar, 68). When used with ἐμέ ( eme), the pronoun is emphatic (cf UBSHS [Lk], 68). Italics have not been used with the pronoun here, however, since “come” is focally prominent here (see following note).+6:37ἥξει ( hēxei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:37A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:37πρὸς ( pros) typically takes μέ (see Black, Grammar, 68). When used with ἐμέ ( eme), the pronoun is emphatic (cf UBSHS [Lk], 68). Italics have thus been used to give extra emphasis to the pronoun.+6:37Cf Jn 6:12; 1 Co 1:26-31.+6:38Cf Ps 40:7-8; Ezk 34.+6:39Cf Is 8:18.+6:39Lit that I would not lose from it. See note at “everyone” in v 37 above. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+6:40See note at Jn 3:15.+6:40This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+6:40Cf Nu 21:9; Jn 3:14.+6:41Lit the Jews. In John’s gospel, the “Jews” can refer to the Jewish authorities, to the people generally, or to those who were hostile to Jesus (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:19; translation and notes at Ac 9:22). In this context, it is referring to the people generally (see vv 60-66). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:41Cf Ex 17:3; Nu 14:26-30, 16:41, 17:1-7.+6:42πῶς ( pōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore “how in the world” (for the rhetorical function of πῶς [ pōs] in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.), a cleft, and a spacer (implied from the context; cf ISV, TEV) have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:42ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:45Is 54:13. Cf Jr 31:33-34; Jn 6:45; 1 Co 2:13; 1 Th 4:9; 1 Jn 2:20; Heb 8:10-11.+6:45πᾶς ὁ ἀκούσας παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ μαθὼν ( pas ho akousas para tou patros tou patros kai mathōn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:45IT. The direct object here is implied from “the Father.” Cf Jn 1:48-49, 4:25, 5:44-47.+6:45πρὸς ( pros) typically takes μέ ( me) (see Black, Grammar, 68). When used with ἐμέ ( eme), the pronoun is emphatic (cf UBSHS [Lk], 68). Italics have not been used here, however, since the preposed element is focally prominent (see note at the cleft earlier in this verse).+6:46τὸν πατέρα ( ton patera) is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT). A passive construction has therefore been used in translation here, in order to allow “the Father” to remain in clause-initial in more natural English.+6:46οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured to give extra focus to this element.+6:46This statement is interpreted as a parenthetical comment given by John for clarification (with the NET Bible Notes; see NET Bible Notes, Jn 6:46). This is reflected in the translation. Cf LEB, NET, NLT. Cf Jn 1:18.+6:47IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+6:47A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:47See note at Jn 3:15.+6:47This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+6:49Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+6:49τὸ μάννα ( to manna) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:49IT. Cf NCV.+6:50IT. A contrast is implied here. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+6:50ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:50ἐξ αὐτοῦ ( ex autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:50Lit This is the bread that comes down from heaven, that someone may eat of it and not die. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 205). Cf CJB, TEV. A protasis and apodosis are implied here (in the NT, καί [ kai] is sometimes used to introduce an apodosis; see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.δ.). Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28).+6:51Or I myself am.+6:51In this context, ζάω ( zaō) means source of life/life-giving (see BDAG, 426, sv 5; UBSHS [Jn], 205).+6:51ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:51ἐγὼ ( egō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:51ἡ σάρξ μού ( hē sarx mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and demonstrative pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:51Lit flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:51Lit for the life of. ὑπέρ ( huper) here is functioning as a marker of benefaction (see, cf, L-N, 90.36). The meaning is the same here as in v 33.+6:51τοῦ κόσμου ( tou kosmou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:52Lit the Jews. In John’s gospel, the “Jews” can refer to the Jewish authorities, to the people generally, or to those who were hostile to Jesus (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:19; translation and notes at Ac 9:22). In this context, it is referring to the people generally (see vv 60-66). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:52For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+6:52ἡμῖν ( hēmin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:52Lit flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:53IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+6:53Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:53See note at Jn 3:15.+6:54ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα καὶ πίνων μου τὸ αἷμα ( ho trōgōn mou tēn sarka kai pinōn mou to haima) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:54Lit flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:54See note at Jn 3:15.+6:54This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+6:55Lit flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:55ἀληθής βρῶσις ( alēthēs brōsis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:55ἀληθής πόσις ( alēthēs posis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:56A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:56Lit flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” C (see FBT Chart). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 206.+6:56ἐν ἐμοὶ ( en emoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:56Lit remains in me, or dwells in me. ME (see BDAG, 631, sv μένω 1.a.β.; UBSHS [Jn], 209). Cf 1 Co 10:16; 1 Jn 1:2-3.+6:57Although it is possible that ζάω ( zaō) means source of life/life-giving/life-producing (as at Jn 6:51; see UBSHS [Jn], 205), because of the comparison with “the one who feeds on me” in this verse, here it probably means “full of life” (for this gloss, see BDAG, 426, sv 4). Also, ζῶν ( zōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+6:57ζάω ( zaō) here means the same thing as it does in the preceding statement about the Father (see previous note).+6:57Lit because of the Father. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 209).+6:57A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:57Lit because of me. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 209). Cf Rm 6:10-11; 1 Jn 1:2-3.+6:58οὗτός ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:58ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:58Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+6:58Lit not just as the fathers ate and died. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, TEV.+6:58A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+6:60Or message, or word.+6:60σκληρός ( sklēros) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf TEV.+6:60Drawing from LEH LXX Lex in translation here (sv σκληρός [Gn 21:11]). Cf UBSHS (Jn), 212.+6:60ἀκούειν ( akouein) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:60Or Who can understand such talk? Lit Who can hear it? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 212). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+6:61Lit Knowing in himself. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 212). Cf TEV.+6:61τοῦτο ( touto) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:61Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14; 28:16; Mt 11:6, 13:57; Lk 2:34; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+6:63τὸ πνεῦμά ( to pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:63Lit the flesh. Translated according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart; cf UBSHS [Jn], 213). Cf NLT, TEV. Cf also Ga 3:1-6.+6:63Drawing from ANLEX (see p 416, sv ὠφελέω 2) and L-N (see 68.33) in translation here. Cf NLT.+6:63Or are Spirit, or are spirit. If this is a reference to the Holy Spirit (I agree with the UBSHS [see UBSHS (Jn), 213] that this is in fact likely, despite the lack of the article; cf, eg, Jn 3:5-6, 4:24), then the meaning here is something like “in which the Spirit’s work is exhibited” (see BDAG, 835, sv πνεῦμα 6.a.), or “full of the Spirit” (cf NIV [2011 edition]; cf also Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 6:63, where he comments that the “breath of God” is “in these words”; this would be essentially equivalent to “full of”). Hence the translation here. πνεῦμά ( pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:63As v 68 confirms (cf “words of eternal life” there), εἰμί ( eimi) here is functioning along the same lines as the implied copula at Rm 8:6 (cf ISV, NLT, and TEV there; cf also UBSHS [Rm], 148).+6:63ζωή ( zōē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:66Or From that time on.+6:66οὐκέτι ( ouketi) is in P2 (see LDGNT; confirmed with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn through personal correspondence), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+6:67καὶ ὑμεῖς ( kai humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:68ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου ( rhēmata zōēs aiōniou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:68Lit of. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 216).+6:68This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+6:69“Still” and “remain” are drawn from the perfect tense of the verbs here (in Greek, the perfect tense signals a past action with ongoing results/relevance at the time of the speaker [see, eg, Wallace, Grammar, 573; cf UBSHS (Jn), 216]). Cf ISV.+6:69Cf Lk 22:28.+6:70ὑμᾶς τοὺς δώδεκα ( humas tous dōdeka) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:70“For myself” is drawn from the middle voice here (see Wallace, Grammar, 421).+6:70διάβολός ( diabolos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. διάβολός ( diabolos) is monadic, referring to the devil, not a demon (for further discussion, see Wallace, Grammar, 249; NET Bible Notes, Jn 6:40). Cf HCSB, NET. The absence of the article is common with focally prominent constituents.+7:1Lit for he was not wanting to walk in Judea. ME. CJB, NIV. ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ( en tē youdaia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:1Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+7:1The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively. For more on causative/ergative actives (in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+7:2IT. Cf NCV, TEV.+7:2Cf Lv 23:33–43; Dt 16:13–15.+7:3Lit his.+7:4Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NASB, NLT, RSV, TEV.+7:4Lit wants to be in public. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV. ἐν παρρησίᾳ ( in parrēsia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:4ἐν κρυπτῷ ( en kurptō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ ζητεῖ αὐτὸς ἐν παρρησίᾳ εἶναι ( kai zētei autos en parrēsia einai) (rendered as a subordinate clause; see previous note) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+7:4Lit in secret. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 222). Cf NEB.+7:4ταῦτα ( tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured to give extra focus to this element.+7:4Lit to the world. ME. κόσμος ( kosmos) here is referring to the world of mankind (see BDAG, 562, sv 6; UBSHS [Jn], 222).+7:5οὐδὲ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ( oude hoi adelphoi autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore οὐδὲ has been rendered ascensively to give extra focus to this element.+7:6Lit My appointed time.+7:6πάντοτέ ( pantote) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:6Lit Your appointed time is ready always. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 223). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+7:7ἐμὲ ( eme) is an emphatic form of the first-person accusative pronoun (see Black, Grammar, 66), and is also in P2 (see BART Display). It has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:7πονηρά ( ponēra) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB.+7:8Some manuscripts include οὔπω ( oupō) here, possibly as an attempt to reconcile this verse with v 10 (for a discussion of textual variants here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:8). Even the more difficult reading, however, is not necessarily contradictory to v 10 when the function of the verbal aspect in this context is taken into consideration. In certain contexts the present indicative sometimes functions inceptively (highlighting the beginning of an action). V 10, therefore, can simply be seen as a contextual indicator that a beginning of action is in view here.+7:8ἐμὸς ( emos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:8Or has not yet been completed.+7:10Lit he.+7:10καὶ αὐτὸς ( kai autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. The intensive pronoun has also been placed in clause-final to the same end.+7:10Lit in secret. Maintaining consistency in translation with v 4. See translation and note there.+7:11Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+7:12γογγυσμὸς περὶ αὐτοῦ πολὺς ( gongusmos peri auto polus) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis. The element has also been placed in clause-final to the same end.+7:12ἀγαθός ( agathos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:12Or the crowds, or the masses.+7:13παρρησίᾳ ( parrēsia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:13Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+7:14μεσούσης ( mesousēs) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+7:15Lit therefore. ME. Cf NLT.+7:15For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+7:15γράμματα ( grammata) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note). Cf NLT, TEV.+7:15Lit How does this man know learning/knowledge/letters...? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 228). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:15Lit ...when he hasn’t learned? ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:14; UBSHS [Jn], 228).+7:16ἐμὴ ( emē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:16ἐμὴ ( emē) and τοῦ πέμψαντός με ( tou pempsantos me) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint to give extra focus to these elements.+7:17τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ ( to thelēma autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the keyword of this element (see note at Jn 5:24).+7:17Cf Ps 1:2, 37:4, 40:8, 119; Jn 4:34, 5:30, 6:38,14:31; Heb 10:7.+7:17Lit he.+7:17Or will learn, or will know, or will find out, or will understand. Drawing from ANLEX (see ANLEX, 99, sv γινώσκω 1, 6) and LEH LXX Lex (see LEH LXX Lex, sv γινώσκω) in translation here. Cf HCSB, NIV.+7:17Lit he will know/come to know about the teaching. The content of the knowledge is made clear by what follows.+7:17ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ ( ek tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:17ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ( ap’ emautou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:17Lit from myself. ME (see BDAG, 321, sv ἐμαυτοῦ c.; UBSHS [Jn], 230). Cf ESV, NET, NKJV, RSV, TEV.+7:17Cf Jn 5:43, 6:27.+7:18A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+7:18ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ( ap’ emautou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+7:18Or glory, or praise.+7:18τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἰδίαν ( tēn doxan tēn idian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with τὴν ἰδίαν ( tēn idian) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). An adverb/downtoner and italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+7:18A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+7:18Or true. ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:18Lit in him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV at Jn 2:25; NIV and TEV at Jn 5:42.+7:18ἀδικία ( adikia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been grouped with this element to give it extra focus. The element has also been placed in clause-final (with the help of a dummy subject) to the same end.+7:18Cf Is 9:13-16; Jr 5:31, 6:13, 14:14, 23:9-39, 27:10-15, 29:9; Ezk 13:1-19; Mic 3:5; Mt 7:15-20; Jn 5:43-45; 2 Co 11:1-12:10; Th 2:4-8; 2 Pt 2:1; 1 Jn 4:1; Re 2:3.+7:19Lit And yet none of you are doing the Law/Torah. ME. The Hebrew word torah means “instruction” (see, eg, the HCSB at Ps 1:2; DBL Hebrew, #9368). Cf also L-N, 33.55.+7:19ζητεῖτε ἀποκτεῖναι ( zēteite apokteinai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a adverb has been used to give extra focus to ζητεῖτε, and the information activated by ἀποκτεῖναι has been placed in clause-final (the infinitive is functioning causatively/ergatively here; for more on causative/ergative actives [in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action], see Wallace, Grammar, 411).+7:19Cf Ex 20:13, Dt 5:17.+7:20δαιμόνιον ( daimonion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:20τίς ( tis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:21ἓν ἔργον ( hen ergon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun (based on the miracle being referred to here; see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:21; UBSHS [Jn], 232) has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:21Lit I did one deed/work. ME/IT (see BDAG, 1.c.α. ἔργον; NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:21; UBSHS [Jn], 232). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:21θαυμάζετε ( thaumazete) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:21The context here indicates a negative reaction (see v 23). This suggests that Jesus’ response here is directed primarily to the authorities (cf Jn 5:9-16).+7:22ἐκ τοῦ Μωϋσέως ( ek tou Mōuseōs) and ἐκ τῶν πατέρων ( ek tōn paterōn) are in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint to give extra focus to these elements.+7:22Lit not that it is from Moses, but from the fathers. ME (see BDAG, 807, sv περιτομη 1.a.; UBSHS [Jn], 232). Cf NLT, TEV. Cf Gn 17:12-14; Lv 12:3.+7:22ἐν σαββάτῳ ( en sabbatō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:22Lit For this reason Moses has given you circumcision (not that it is of Moses, but of the fathers), and even on the Sabbath you circumcise a man. ME (OTB/H)/IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 232). The gap in languages here is obvious, and Jesus’ point here hinges on the IT. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:23περιτομὴν ( peritomēn) is in a embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME (see note at the end of this verse) has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:23ἐμοὶ ( emoi) is in P2 (see BART Display), and is an emphatic form of the dative first person pronoun (see Black, Grammar, 66). Italics have therefore been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:23ὅλον ἄνθρωπον ( holon antrhōpon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis within the ME (see following note).+7:23Lit If a man receives circumcision on the Sabbath so that the Law of Moses is not loosed, are you angry with me because I made a an entire man well on the Sabbath? ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:23; UBSHS [Jn], 234). Again, the mismatch in languages here is obvious, and the argument is almost unintelligible apart from the IT being made explicit. The argument is a from-lesser-to-greater argument.+7:24κατ’ ὄψιν ( kat’ opsin) is in E-O (see LDGNT), and τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν ( ten dikaian krisin) in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint to give extra focus to these elements.+7:24δικαίαν ( dikaian) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed at the end of the phrase for extra focus and stress.+7:24Cf Is 11:3, 42:1-5; Mt 12:18; Jn 5:30.+7:25Lit they. Cf TEV.+7:26παρρησίᾳ ( parrēsia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:26ἀληθῶς ( alēthōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:27ἀλλὰ ( alla) here is introducing a corrective (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 55-7). Cf NLT.+7:28κἀμὲ ( kame) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:28Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Jn], 237).+7:28ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ( ap’ emautou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:28Lit from myself. Maintaining consistency in translation with vv 17-18 (see translation and notes there). Cf NCV, TEV.+7:28Or true, truthful, or reliable. Cf Jn 1:14-17; Rm 15:8.+7:29ἐγὼ ( ego) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:29παρ’ αὐτοῦ ( par’ autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and emphatic adjective have been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:29According to BDAG, “a local sense [is] preserved” with παρά ( para) here (see BDAG, 756, sv 1; cf also NAC [Jn], 120). Cf Jn 1:14, 17:5.+7:29ἀπέστειλεν ( apesteilen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:30Lit they. Cf NLT. The next verse makes it clear that the leaders are once again primarily in view here.+7:30The verb here is functioning causatively/ergatively (for more on causative/ergative actives [in which the subject is the ultimate source behind the action]), see Wallace, Grammar, 411.+7:30Lit him.+7:30Lit hour.+7:31πολλοὶ ( polloi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:31πλείονα σημεῖα ποιήσει ὧν οὗτος ἐποίησεν ( pleiona sēmeia poiēsei hōn houtos epoiēsen) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), with οὗτος in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element, while italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+7:31In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+7:32Lit about him.+7:32Lit the chief priests and the Pharisees.+7:33ἔτι χρόνον μικρὸν ( eti chronon mikron) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:33IT. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT.+7:34Cf Dt 4:29; 1 Ch 28:9; Ps 32:6; Is 55:6; Ho 5:14-6:3; Jr 29:12-14.+7:34In this context the verb is functioning futuristically. Cf NLT, TEV.+7:35Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+7:35ποῦ ( pou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:35 BDAG cites this as an example of consecutive ὅτι (see BDAG, 732, sv ὅτι 5.c.).+7:35εἰς τὴν διασπορὰν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ( eis tēn diasporan tōn Hllēnōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a spacer (drawn from the negative answer expected by the question beginning with μὴ [ mē] here [see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296]) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:35Lit to the dispersion. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:35; UBSHS [Jn], 242). Cf NET, NLT.+7:35Or the Greeks.+7:37ἐσχάτῃ ( eschatē) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:38Or “If someone is thirsty, let him come to me and drink. The one who believes in me, as the Scripture says, ‘rivers/streams...’ ” The original Greek manuscripts had no punctuation. Historically, the “Eastern interpretation” placed a major stop after “drink,” while the “Western interpretation” placed it after “the one who puts faith in me” (the latter is also called the “Christological interpretation,” and may be a chiasmus; for a brief discussion, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:37; UBSHS [Jn], 245). The “Western interpretation” is reflected in the translation here, with the “Eastern translation” reflected in the footnote. Cf JB, NAB, NEB, NET, TEV.+7:38Lit from his stomach. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 233, sv κοιλία 2.a.; DBL Greek, #3120.3; UBSHS [Jn], 246). Cf HCSB, NET, NIV. ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ ( ek tēs koilias autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and ποταμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὕδατος ζῶντος ( potamoi autou hudatos zōntos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Commas have been used to give extra focus to ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας αὐτοῦ, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to ποταμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὕδατος ζῶντος. A dummy subject has also been used to give extra focus to ποταμοὶ αὐτοῦ ὕδατος ζῶντος (the dummy subject allows this element to land in clause-final).*7:38rivers of life-giving\f + ζάω ( zaō) here has the same meaning as it has at Jn 6:51 (see translation and notes there). Cf TEV.+7:38Cf Ex 17:6, Ps 78:16; Is 12:1-3, 33:21, 43:18-21, 44:1-7, 55:1, 58:11; Ezk 47:1; Jl 3:18; Zc 13:1, 14:8; Jn 4:14; Re 22:1.+7:39Lit This he said about the Spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 247). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+7:39οἱ πιστεύσαντες εἰς αὐτόν ( hoi pisteusantes) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore the clause has been structured in the passive voice to allow for this element to land in clause-final. Cf NLT.+7:39Included within the purview of δοξάζω ( doxazō) is both the giving of honor and the causing of someone to enter into a state of being “clothed” in resurrected glory (see BDAG, δοξάζω, 258, 1, 2). In Jesus’ case, the exaltation/giving of honor also involves the ascension (cf, eg, Ac 2:33; Php 2:9). Cf NCV, TEV.+7:41ἐκ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ( ek tēs Galilaias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:41In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+7:42ἐκ τοῦ σπέρματος Δαυὶδ καὶ ἀπὸ Βηθλέεμ τῆς κώμης ὅπου ἦν Δαυὶδ ( ek spermatos David kai apo Bēthleem tēs kōmēs hopou ēn David) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+7:42Cf 2 Sm 7:8-16; Ps 89:3-4,132:11; Jr 23:5; Mic 5:2.+7:43σχίσμα ( schisma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has also been used to give extra focus to this element (cf NET at Jn 10:19) within the ME (see following note). οὖν ( oun) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+7:43Lit Therefore a division took place among the crowd because of him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+7:44Lit from them, or among them.+7:44τινὲς ἐξ αὐτῶν ( tines ex autō) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+7:45IT (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:45). Cf NET.+7:47καὶ ὑμεῖς ( kai humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:48τις ἐκ τῶν ἀρχόντων ἐπίστευσεν εἰς αὐτὸν ἢ ἐκ τῶν Φαρισαίων ( tis ek tōn archontōn episteusen eis auton ē ek tōn Pharisaiōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:48In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). cf CJB, NCV.+7:49Or crowd. Drawing from L-N in translation here (see L-N, 87.64). Cf NET.+7:49Or the Law.+7:49ἐπάρατοί ( eparatois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:49Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:50IT. Cf NCV, TEV.+7:50Lit him.+7:50Lit being one of them. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 253). Cf TEV.+7:51Lit Does the Law condemn the man if it does not first hear from him and know what he does? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 254). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+7:51In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+7:52καὶ σὺ ( kai su) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+7:52IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:52Or a prophet. The lack of the article with “prophet” doesn’t necessarily mean that the Prophet of Dt 18:15 (which was a monadic concept in this time period; cf Jn 1:25) isn’t in view here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:52; cf Wallace, Grammar, 243-9). Cf v 42.+7:52ἐγείρεται ( egeiretai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+8:1The earliest manuscripts do not have Jn 7:53-8:11 (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 7:53/8:1). Following the lead of many English translations (see, eg, ESV, NET, NRSV, TEV), the section has been placed in brackets here.+8:2Lit he.+8:2πάλιν ( palin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+8:3ἐπὶ μοιχείᾳ ( epi moicheia) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:3Lit had been caught in adultery. ME. Cf CJB, NET, TEV.+8:3Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 558).+8:4Lit to him.+8:5Cf Lv 20:10; Dt 22:22. λιθάζειν ( lithazein) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured in the passive voice to allow this element to land in clause-final. Cf CJB, TEV.+8:5In English, switches in topic are often introduced with a question. Cf, eg, the NIV and TEV at Mt 16:15, Mk 8:29, and Lk 9:20.+8:6The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of purpose. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NLT, LEB, ESV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+8:6κάτω ( katō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:6τῷ δακτύλῳ ( tō daktulō) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+8:6Cf Ex 8:19, 31:18.+8:7πρῶτος ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:7Lit The one without sin among you must throw a stone at her first. ME (see L-N, 88.311). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV. πρῶτον ( protōn) is an adverbial adjective. English, though, would typically express this idea with an adjective modifying a noun.+8:7πάλιν ( palin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus.+8:9Lit and he was left alone. Cf HCSB.+8:9ἐν μέσῳ ( en mesō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:9Lit the women being in the midst. The prepositional phrase used here (ἐν μέσῳ [ en mesō]) is the same as that used in v 3 above (see translation and notes there). This indicates it was the leaders/accusers who left one by one, while the rest of crowd (cf v 2) remained. Cf NLT. Maintaining consistency in translation with v 3.+8:10IT. See note at Jn 2:4.+8:10Lit Where are they? Cf ISV, NLT.+8:10οὐδείς ( oudeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NLT.+8:11Or “ Not one, sir.”+8:11ἐγώ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:11See note at Mk 7:29. The same applies here. Cf NCV.+8:11Lit from now on no longer be sinning/committing sin. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 262). Cf NAB, NRSV, RSV, TEV. Some measure of warning is implied here (cf Jn 5:14).+8:12Lit to them. See v 20. Cf JB, NCV, NEB, NIV, NLT, Phps.+8:12πάλιν ( palin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+8:12A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+8:12An emphatic form of the first person dative pronoun is used here (see Black, Grammar, 66). Italics have thus been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+8:12Lit follows me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+8:13περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ( peri emautou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+8:13Or valid. See translation and notes at Jn 5:31.+8:14ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:14IT. A “going back” is implied here. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT at Jn 7:33. Cf also Jn 17:5.+8:15τὴν σάρκα ( tēn sarka) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and a downtoner/adjective (see the following note) has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:15ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 19:26).+8:15Lit according to the flesh. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV.+8:15“People” is drawn from the plural “you” here. Cf NET.+8:15Cf Ex 34:6-7; Nu 14:18-19; Rm 2:4.+8:16Lit if I condemn, or if I judge.+8:16ἀληθινή ( alēthinē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adjective has been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+8:16Cf Is 11:1-5; 42:1-4; Jn 5:19-30; Ac 17:31; Rm 2:1-10; 2 Th 2:5-6.+8:16μόνος ( monos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf ESV, ISV, NRSV, RSV.+8:16Lit and. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 261). Cf HCSB, NET, NLT, TEV.+8:16πέμψας με ( pempas me) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:16Cf Is 11:1-5; 42:1-4; Jn 5:19-30; Ac 17:31; Rm 2:1-10; 2 Th 2:5-6.+8:17καὶ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ( kai en tō nomō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been rendered adverbially to the same end.+8:17δύο ἀνθρώπων ἡ μαρτυρία ( duo anthrōpōn hē marturia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with δύο ἀνθρώπων ( duo anthrōpōn) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the embedded element.+8:18ἐγώ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:18πέμψας με ( pempas me) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:18Lit I myself am the one bearing witness on my own behalf, and the Father who sent me bears witness on my behalf. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV. The meaning here is that Jesus himself and the Father are the two witnesses who testify on his behalf.+8:19Cf ISV.+8:19οὔτε ἐμὲ οὔτε τὸν πατέρα μου ( oute eme oute ton patera mou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and an emphatic form of the pronoun is used in the preposed element (see Black, Grammar, 66). Therefore, ἀπεκρίθη Ἰησοῦς ( apekrithē Yēsous) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+8:19ἐμὲ ( eme) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and is an emphatic form of the first-person accusative singular pronoun (see Black, Grammar, 66), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:19καὶ τὸν πατέρα μου ( kai ton patera mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+8:20Lit These words he spoke in the treasury while teaching in the temple. ME(H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 12:41). Cf NCV, NLT, NIV.+8:20Lit hour.+8:21Lit he.+8:21Cf 1 Sm 3:14; Is 22:14; Ezk 3:16-20. ἐν τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ὑμῶν ( en tē hamartia humōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:21ἐγὼ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:22Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+8:22ἐγὼ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:22Following the structuring of the TEV in translation here. Cf also CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+8:23Lit he.+8:23ἐκ τῶν κάτω ( ek tōn katō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a rhetorical question has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:23IT. Cf ISV in the next clause; NCV, TEV.+8:23ἐκ τῶν ἄνω ( ek tōn anō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a rhetorical question has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:23ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κόσμου ( ek toutou tou kosmou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:24ἐὰν μὴ πιστεύσητε ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι ( ean mē pisteusēte hot egō eimi) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+8:24πιστεύω ( pisetuēō) includes both belief/conviction of truth and trust (see L-N, 31.85; translation and notes at Ga 3:6). The point here is that those who trust God to act in a manner consistent with His Name and revealed character (see Ex 3:14, 34:6-7), which never changes (see Ps 102:27; Ml 3:6; Heb 13:8; Jm 1:17), will receive forgiveness for their sins (through atonement; cf v 28) and therefore not die in them.+8:24Cf NLT, TEV. This is a reference to the divine name of Ex 3:14.+8:24Cf Ex 3:14, 23:20-21; Jn 17:6.+8:25Or What I have been telling you from the start.+8:26πολλὰ περὶ ὑμῶν λαλεῖν καὶ κρίνειν ( polla peri humō lalein kai krinein) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). A dummy subject and adverb have been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+8:26λαλεῖν καὶ κρίνειν ( lalein kai krineiv) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the second verb has been placed in clause-final for extra stress.+8:26Or truthful, or reliable. Cf Ex 32:11-14, 34:6-7; Jn 1:14-17; Rm 15:8. ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:26ταῦτα ( tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to the referent of this constituent. Cf CJB, TEV.+8:27τὸν πατέρα ( ton patera) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:28οὖν ( oun) here is most likely signaling a resumption of the discourse of vv 25-26 after the short pause for the parenthetical comment (cf LEB, NET).+8:28τότε ( tote) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:28ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ( ap’ emautou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+8:28ταῦτα ( tauta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to the referent of this constituent. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+8:28Cf Ps 40:6-8, Is 50:4.+8:29μετ’ ἐμοῦ ( met’ emou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+8:29τὰ ἀρεστὰ αὐτῷ ποιῶ ( ta aresta autō poiō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:29Cf Ex 15:26; Dt 6:18, 12:25, 13:18, 21:9; Ps 9:10, 16:10, 37:28, 37:33, 40:7-8, 94:14; Ga 4:4.+8:30Lit These things while he was speaking. λαλοῦντος ( lalountos) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore “these things” has been left implicit in translation, in order to allow “speaking” to land in clause-final. An adverb has also been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NIV.+8:30πολλοὶ ( polloi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:31Or who had believed in him, or who had trusted him.+8:31Or my word, or my message. Cf 2 Ti 3:14; 2 Jn 9.+8:31ἀληθῶς μαθηταί μού ( alēthōs mathētai mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to ἀληθῶς, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to μαθηταί μού.+8:33σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ ( sperma Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adverb and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:33Lit How do you say? ME (see BDAG, 901, sv πῶς 1.a.γ). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV. For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+8:33ἐλεύθεροι ( eleutheroi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:34IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+8:34Lit Everyone who commits sin. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:34δοῦλός τῆς ἁμαρτίας ( doulos tēs hamartias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:35ὁ υἱὸς ( ho huios) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and a spacer (drawn from the context; cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV) have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:35Cf Ga 4:1-9, 21-30.+8:36ἐλευθερώσῃ ( eleutherōsē) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:36ὄντως ( ontōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. ὄντως ( ontōs) here has the same meaning as ἀληθῶς ( alēthōs) in v 31 (see UBSHS [Jn], 281).+8:36Cf Rm 8:12-25; 2 Co 3:17-18; Ga 4:1-9, 21-30; Eph 1:5; Heb 2:5-18.+8:37σπέρμα Ἀβραάμ ( sperma Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adverb and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:37Or word, or message. Cf Mk 4:1-20.+8:37Or my teaching has no place. Cf NET.+8:37Lit in you, or within you, or among you. ME. Cf NLT.+8:38ἃ ἐγὼ ἑώρακα παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ ( ha egō heōraka para tō patri) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:38IT. The thought here is similar to Jn 1:18, 3:11-13, and 3:32 (see translation and notes there).+8:38Cf Jn 1:18, 3:11-13, and 3:32.+8:38ἃ ἠκούσατε παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ( ha ēkousate part tou patros) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:38Cf vv 31 and 37.+8:38Other manuscripts read: “you do what you have heard from your father” (NRSV). Cf NET, NRSV. For a brief discussion of the manuscript variants here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 8:38.+8:38Cf Dt 18:15-22; Jn 5:43-47, 8:31, 10:30, 14:6-13, 17; Ac 3:22-23.+8:39Ἀβραάμ ( Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:39τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ ( tekna tou Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς ( legei autois ho Yēsous) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+8:39τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ( ta erga tou Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+8:39Lit you would be doing the deeds/works of Abraham. ME. Cf NLT. The NLT captures the meaning well here in my opinion (cf, eg, Rm 4:12; 1 Co 4:14-17), and has thus been followed in translation.+8:40Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 681, sv νῦν 2.a.). Cf CJB, NASB, NIV.+8:40ἀλήθειαν ἣν ἤκουσα παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ( alētheian hēn ēkousa para tou theou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). An emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+8:40οὐκ ἐποίησεν ( ouk epoiēsen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:41IT. Cf NLT. A differentiation (between fathers), and a real versus a perceived situation, are implied here. Note that Jesus’ words are interpreted as an accusation that they were born illegitimately (v 41; lit we are not born of fornication).+8:41ἐκ πορνείας ( ek porneias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME (see following note) has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:41Lit We have not been born of sexual immorality. ME (see BDAG, 854, sv πορνεία 1; UBSHS [Jn], 284). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:41ἕνα πατέρα ( hena patera) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:41Cf Ex 4:22; Dt 32:6; Is 1:2, 63:16, 64:8; Jr 31:9; Hs 11:1; Ml 2:10.+8:42ὁ θεὸς ( ho theos) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:42An emphatic form of the accusative first-person pronoun is used here (see Black, Grammar, 66). Italics have thus been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+8:42ἐξῆλθον καὶ ἥκω ( exēthon kai hēkō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:42ἀπ’ ἐμαυτοῦ ( ap’ emautou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used to the same end.+8:42Lit that one.+8:42ἀπέστειλεν ( apesteilen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:43Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 583, sv λαλιά 2).+8:43γινώσκετε ( ginōskete) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+8:43Lit cannot hear. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 286). Cf Mk 4:1-20; Jn 3:11, 6:60.+8:43Or teaching, or word.+8:44ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ διαβόλου ( ek tou patros tou diabolou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:44Lit You are from/of your father the devil, or You belong to your father the devil. Translating along the lines of “example” as in vv 39-41 above (see translation and notes there). The second genitive is appositional.+8:44τὰς ἐπιθυμίας τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν ( tas epithumias tou patros) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:44Lit that one.+8:44Cf Gn 3. ἀνθρωποκτόνος ( anthrōpoktonos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+8:44Or did not uphold. Scholars are divided as to whether the perfect or the imperfect represents the original here (cf, eg, BDAG, 944, sv στήκω; Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 8:44; UBSHS [Jn], 26). The meaning is essentially the same either way.+8:44Lit does not stand in the truth. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 8:44). Cf NET. ἐν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ ( en tē alētheia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:44Cf 2 Co 11:3.+8:44ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ( ek tōn idiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:44Lit out of his own things. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 287). Cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NET, NRSV, RSV.+8:44Cf Gn 3; Ezk 28:15; Mt 7:17-20, 12:34.+8:44ψεύστης καὶ ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ( peustēs kai ho patēr autou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas, an adverb, and inversion have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+8:44Or the father of all lies. Cf HCSB, TEV.+8:45τὴν ἀλήθειαν ( tēn alētheian) is an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:45Following the structuring of the TEV in translation here.+8:46ἀλήθειαν ( alētheian) is an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:47A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+8:47Lit The one who is of/produced by God. A child produced by God is the meaning here. Cf Jn 1:13, v 39 above.+8:47τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ θεοῦ ( ta rēmata tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+8:47ME/IT (see translation and note at v 43 above). The meaning is the same here. Cf NET, NLT; L-N, 31.56.+8:47οὐκ ἐστέ ( ouk este) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+8:48In Greek, questions that begin with οὐ ( ou) expect an affirmative answer (Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). Cf ESV, HCSB, NET, NRSV, RSV.+8:48Σαμαρίτης ( Samaritēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:48δαιμόνιον ( daimonion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:49οὐκ ἔχω ( ouk echō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra this element extra focus and emphasis.+8:50In John’s gospel, “glory” is often used in the sense of “honor” and “praise” (see, eg, Jn 5:41-44, 7:18), with the Son’s exalted resurrected state also in view at times (a visible display of the honor received; see, eg, 17:5).+8:50Cf Jn 7:18.+8:50Lit there is the one. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 291).+8:50Cf Mt 17:5; Ac 3:22-23.+8:51IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+8:51τὸν ἐμὸν λόγον ( ton emon logon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ἐμὸν ( emon) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). The embedded element has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf note at Jn 5:24.+8:51Or my word, or my message.+8:51θάνατον ( thanaton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+8:51Lit he will not see death into the age/for eternity. Jesus is referring ultimately to deliverance from the Second Death, which includes bodily resurrection (see translation and notes at Jn 3:16-18; cf also UBSHS [Jn], 89, 367). Cf Jn 3:16-20, 3:31-36, 5:19-29; Re 2:11, 20:1-14, 21:7-8.+8:52δαιμόνιον ( daimonion) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:52Ἀβραὰμ καὶ οἱ προφῆται ( Abraam kai hoi prophētai) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, NLT.+8:52σὺ ( su) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:52τὸν λόγον μου ( ton logon mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the key word in this element (see note at Jn 5:24).+8:53μείζων τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἀβραάμ ( meizōn tou patros hēmōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a spacer (drawn from the negative answer implied by the question beginning with μὴ [ mē] here [see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296]) has been used to give extra focus to this element. “He” has also been used with the negative ascensive in the following sentence to give extra focus to the information activated in the split element (lit than our father Abraham, who died).+8:53Cf Jn 4:12.+8:53See note at “are you” earlier in this verse.+8:53Lit who died. Cf NIV, NLT.+8:53καὶ οἱ προφῆται ( kai hoi prophētai) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a negative particle and adverb (applied also to Abraham; see note at “are you” earlier in this verse), and an intensive pronoun, have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:53τίνα ( tina) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:53Cf NET.+8:54Lit my glory/honor is nothing. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 293). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+8:54θεὸς ἡμῶν ( theos hēmōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:55Lit and. Koine Greek often used parataxis to link words or clauses when some sort of hypotactic relationship was implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β., γ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf NRSV.+8:55“Still” is drawn from the perfect tense here.+8:55Cf Is 1:3; Jr 2:8, 4:22, 5:4, 8:7, 9:3, 24:7, 30:18-22, 31:1, 31:31-34; Ho 5:4, Ho 2:23, 6:6; Zc 8:8, 13:9; Jn 1:8, 3:13, 5:37-38; Re 21:7.+8:55ἐγὼ ( egō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+8:55ψεύστης ( peustēs) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore ὅμοιος ὑμῖν ( homoios humin) has been used us a spacer to give this element extra focus and stress. “People” is drawn from the plural “you” here.+8:55τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ ( ton logov autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+8:56 BDF includes “longing” in the meaning of ἀγαλλιάω ( agalliaō) here (see BDF, §392[1a]). This makes sense in this context. Cf Mt 13:17.+8:56Lit my day. ME (see BDAG, 438, ἡμέρα 4.a.). Cf Mt 13:17; Heb 11:13; 1Pt 1:10-12.+8:56The meaning of εἶδεν ( eiden) in this context is clearly “foresaw” (see UBSHS [Jn], 294). In addition to the knowledge Abraham had received from God concerning the promises, Abraham’s experience of typological events (eg, Gn 22), or prophetic knowledge (in certain contexts, the ὁράω [ horaō] word group refers to prophetic vision [see, eg, Is 6:1 (LXX); Mt 17:9; Ac 9:12, 10:3, 12:9, 16:10]), may also be in view here. Cf Heb 11:13; Gn 20:7.+8:56IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 294).+8:57πεντήκοντα ἔτη ( pentēkonta etē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the negative particle and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+8:57Ἀβραὰμ ( Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+8:58IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+8:58γενέσθαι ( genesthai) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, NLT.