BHT with Full Translator’s NotesJohn 4 =
4
“The Water That I Will Give Him Will Become in Him a Fountain of Water Springing Up unto Life in the Coming Age”
1 Now then, when Jesus learned that the Pharisees had heard that he+ was making and baptizing even+ more disciples than John, 2 (although actually+ it wasn’t+ Jesus himself who was baptizing, but his disciples), 3 he left Judea and set out once more for Galilee. 4 Now it was God’s will+ for him to make the journey using the alternative route+ through the region+ of Samaria. 5 So he came to a Samaritan town called Sychar, near the piece of land that Jacob had given to his son Joseph.+ 6 Jacob’s well was there, and so Jesus, worn out from the journey, sat down near the well. It was about noon.+
7 When a Samaritan woman came to the well+ to draw some water, Jesus said to her, “Please+ give me a drink of water.” 8 (His disciples had gone into the town to buy some food.+)
9 “You are a Jew+ and I am a Samaritan,+” replied the Samaritan woman. “So how can you possibly+ request a drink of water from me+?”+ (Jews typically refuse to use cups or bowls that have been touched by Samaritans,+ you see.)
10 “If you had recognized the gift of God and who it is that is asking you for a drink,”+ replied Jesus, “you would have asked him, and he would have given you living water.”
11 “Sir,” the woman+ said to him, “you don’t have a+ thing with which to draw water,+ and the well is deep. Where then are you going to get this ‘living water’? 12 Surely you aren’t+ greater, are you,+ than our ancestor+ Jacob, who gave us this well and drank from it himself,+ along with his sons and his livestock?”
13 “Anyone who drinks this water,” replied Jesus, “will become thirsty again. 14 If+ someone drinks the water that I+ will give him, however, he will never+ be thirsty again. In fact, the water that I will give him will become in him a fountain+ of water springing up unto life in the coming age.+”
15 “Sir, please+ give me this water,” said the woman, “so that I won’t become thirsty or have to keep coming here to draw water.”
16 “Go and call your husband,” Jesus+ said to her, “and then come back here.”
17 “I don’t have a husband,” answered the woman.
“Right you are in saying, ‘I don’t have a husband,+’ ” said Jesus.18 “The fact is,+ you have had five husbands,+ and the man you are living with+ right+ now isn’t your husband. What you’ve just told me is very+ true.+”
19 “I can see that you are, sir,+ a prophet,” the woman said to him. 20 “As for our ancestors,+ this mountain is where+ they worshiped. ᵖYou Jews,+ however, claim that Jerusalem is the place where+ people are required+ to offer worship.”
21 Jesus said to her, “Trust me, dear+ woman, a time+ is coming when ᵖyou will worship the Father neither on this mountain+ nor in Jerusalem. 22 ᵖYou Samaritans+ comprehend very little about the one you worship;+ we Jews+ worship him with knowledge and understanding,+ because it is+ from the Jews that salvation comes. 23 Yet a time+ is coming, and is here even+ now, when the true+ worshipers will worship the Father by the Spirit+ and in truth. The Father is searching for people of this kind, you see,+ to be his worshipers. 24 God is spirit,+ and those who worship him must do so+ by the Spirit,+ yes,+ and in truth.”+
25 “I know that the Messiah+ is going to come,”+ the woman said to him, “the one who is called ‘the Anointed One.’ When he comes, he will explain everything to us.”
26 “I AM,”+ said Jesus, “the one who is speaking with you.”
27 Just then his disciples returned, and they were shocked to find him talking with a woman.+ Yet no one asked, “What do ˢyou want?” or, “Why are ˢyou talking with her?”
28 So the woman left her water jar and went back into the town. 29 “Come and see a man who told me everything I’ve ever done!” she said to the people. “This man himself+ can’t possibly be+ the Messiah, can he?” 30 So+ the people+ left the town and started making their way toward Jesus.+
31 In the meantime, the disciples were begging Jesus,+ “Rabbi, please+ eat something!”
32 “I have a kind of food,”+ Jesus+ answered,+ “that ᵖyou disciples+ don’t know anything about.”
33 At that, the disciples began to say to one another, “Could someone else+ have brought him something to eat? Surely not!+”
34 “My own+ food,” said Jesus, “is to do the will of the one who sent me and to finish his work. 35 ᵖYou know this saying, do you not:+ ‘ Four months+ more, and then the harvest comes’? Listen, I tell ᵖyou this: Lift up your eyes and look at the fields, how+ ripe they are for harvest! 36 The reaper is already receiving his wages+ and gathering a crop for life in the coming age,+ so that the one who sows and the one who reaps may rejoice together.+ 37 In this, you see, the saying is true, namely, that ‘it is+ one who sows and another who reaps’:+ 38 I have sent ᵖyou to reap a harvest in a field where you yourselves+ haven’t done any work.+ It is+ others who have done the initial+ work. And as for ᵖyou, it is+ the fruit of their hard work that ᵖyou now get to enjoy.+”
39 From that town many, many+ of the Samaritans placed their faith in him because of the woman’s testimony, when she said to them,+ “He told me everything I’ve ever done.” 40 When the Samaritans came to him, therefore, they kept begging him to stay with them, and he stayed there two days. 41 And so even+ more people, many more, believed because of the things he said.+ 42 And they kept saying to the woman,+ “Now it isn’t+ just because of your own testimony that we believe. Indeed, we have heard him ourselves,+ and we know that this man truly is the Savior of the world.”
“Jesus Left That Place for Galilee”
43 After those two days, Jesus+ left that place for Galilee. 44 (Jesus himself, you see, had solemnly stated that a prophet doesn’t receive, in his own hometown,+ any honor.) 45 When he arrived in Galilee, then, the Galileans welcomed him, because+ they had seen everything that he had done in Jerusalem during the festival.f + πάντα ὅσα ἐποίησεν ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ἐν τῇ ἑορτῇ ( panta hosa epoiēsen en Yerosolumois en tē heortē) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). The element has been placed in clause-final for primary stress.* had themselves gone to the festival, you see.)
“This Jesus Did, after Coming from Judea to Galilee, as His Second Miraculous Sign”
46 So Jesus+ went back to Cana of Galilee, where he had turned the water into wine. Meanwhile,+ there was a certain royal official whose son was sick in the town+ of Capernaum. 47 This official, when he heard that Jesus had come from Judea to Galilee, went to him and began to beg him to come down and heal his son, who was about to die. 48 So Jesus said to him, “Unless ᵖyou see these—+miraculous signs and wonders— ᵖyou will most certainly not believe.”
49 “Sir,” said the official, “please+ come down before my child dies.”
50 “ˢYou may go on home,”+ Jesus said to him. “Your son is going to live.” The man believed what Jesus told him and started on his way.
51 Now while the official+ was still on his way down, his slaves+ met him and told him that his son was going to live. 52 He asked them, therefore, what time it was+ when his son’s health had begun to improve.+
“It was+ yesterday,” they replied, “at one in the afternoon.+ That’s when+ the fever left him.”
53 At that, the father remembered that this was the exact time+ at which Jesus had said to him, “Your son is going to live.” And so the official+ and his entire household believed.
54 This+ Jesus did, after coming from Judea to Galilee, as his second miraculous sign.
+1:1θεὸς ( theos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:4ζωὴ ( zōē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element with the ME (see following note).+1:4Lit in him was life. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 5:26). Cf NLT, TEV. “Life” here doesn’t mean “alive,” but possessing the power to give life as the source of life. Trying to maintain some measure of consistency in translation here with Jn 5:26, so that the connection isn’t lost to English readers.+1:4Cf Ps 36:9.+1:5ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ( en tē skotia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Cf Is 42:5-9; 49:1-6.+1:5Or did not overcome. Here the aorist tense is either functioning gnomically (cf, eg, ISV, NLT, TEV), or is signaling a specific event (cf, eg, HCSB, NRSV).+1:5Or comprehend. Cf 1 Co 2:8. οὐ κατέλαβεν ( ou katelaben) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:6Cf the translation of γίνομαι ( ginomai) here with the translation of παραγίνομαι ( paraginomai) at Mt 3:1 (see notes there; see also L-N, 85.7).+1:7Cf CJB, NLT, and TEV at Jn 5:31-32.+1:7IT. If the “through him” that follows is referring to John the Baptist (as most commentators believe; see UBSHS [Jn], 14), then “the light,” ie, the Messiah/Word, is the implied object of faith here. Cf, eg, Jn 3:15-16, 3:36; 4:39.+1:7Lit through him, or through it. ME. Cf NLT.+1:8Lit that man. Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8IT. The verb is implied from the context. Cf most English translations.+1:9Lit He was.+1:9The participle is interpreted as adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV.+1:9Or The true light, which gives light to every human being, was coming into the world, or He was the true light that gives light to every human being coming into the world. Following the lead of the ISV in translation here. Cf Jn 6:14, 9:39, 11:27, 16:28.+1:10ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ( en tō kosmō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10δι’ αὐτοῦ ( di’ autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10οὐκ ἔγνω ( ouk egnō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+1:11εἰς τὰ ἴδια ( eis ta idia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft construction and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:11Or to his very own creation. Lit to his own things. ME (see NAC [Jn], 114; UBSHS [Jn], 18). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, TEV.+1:11οὐ παρέλαβον ( ou parelabon) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:12τέκνα θεοῦ ( tekna theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Lit who. Cf NET, NIV.+1:13For a discussion of the range of meaning possible with γεννάω ( gennaō), see notes at 1 Pt 1:3. Conception is primarily in view here, with the rest of the birth process also implied on some level. Cf also the translation and notes at Ga 4:21-30.+1:13οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ’ ἐκ θεοῦ ( ouk ex haimatōn oude ek thelēmatos sarkos oude ek thelēmatos andros all’ ek theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and contains a point and counterpoint (see LDGNT). Therefore, the negative particle has been placed immediately before the various parts of the counterpoint in order to give extra this element extra focus and emphasis. Commas have also been used to the same end.+1:13Lit not of bloods. ME(I/F/H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:13).+1:13Lit nor from the will/desire of the flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 19). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf NET.+1:13Or a husband’s decision.+1:14σὰρξ ( sarx) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adjective (cf the translation at Php 2:7) and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:14Lit The Word became flesh. ME (see translation and notes at Rm 8:3 and Php 2:6-8; FBT Chart, C, F, G, I, M, N; UBSHS [Jn], 21). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G, M (see FBT Chart).+1:14Cf, eg, Ex 40:34; Lv 16:2; Nu 9:15.+1:14Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. For a brief discussion of the meaning of μονογενής ( monogenēs), see NET Bibles Notes, Jn 1:16. Cf ISV, NET. In Heb 11:17, the term is used of Isaac, who wasn’t Abraham’s only son, but his “unique” son in the sense that the covenant was to be confirmed with him and the promises to be fulfilled through his line (cf Gn 17:19, 21:12).+1:14According to BDAG, in a number of places in John, “a local sense [is] preserved” with παρά ( para) (see BDAG, 756, sv 1; cf NAC [Jn], 120). V 18 indicates that this is most likely true here at well. The local aspect is signaled in translation here with “the presence of.” Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14πλήρης ( plērēs) is modifying μονογενοῦς ( monogenous). “And who was” is included in translation here to ensure that the following statement is processed in connection with “the matchless Son,” rather than the “Father” (though of course the Father is also full of steadfast mercy and faithfulness!).+1:14Lit full of grace and truth. ME (OTB) (see LALS, sv ἀλήθεια; Ibid, sv χάρις; NAC [Jn], 121; UBSHS [Jn], 22). Cf the LXX and the MT, eg, at Ge 24:27, 47:29; 2 Sa 2:6, 15:20; 2 Ch 32:1; Ne 9:33; Ps 26:3, 30:9, 35:6, 40:10, 54:5, 69:13, 88:11, 89:5, 92:2, 119:138.+1:15Lit and cried out, saying.+1:15οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:15ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:16Lit from his fullness. ME (see translation and notes at Eph 3:19; Col 2:9; BDAG, 829, sv 3.b.; NAC [Jn], 123; Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 1:16; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:57). The UBSHS claims that here πλήρωμα ( plērōma) “is used in a nontechnical sense and refers back to the phrase grace and truth in verse 14” ( UBSHS [Jn], 25, italics original). I disagree. The reference in v 15 to the Son’s pre-existence in the preceding verse makes the “fullness of divine nature” interpretation just as plausible as a limited reference to “grace and truth” in v 14. True, this is only place where the term is used in John’s gospel. Still, this idea was clearly a part of the authoritative body of apostolic teaching that was passed on from church to church, and wasn’t just a part of Paul’s theology (cf 1 Co 11:2, 15:1-3; Ga 1:18, 2:6; Php 2:6-11; 2 Th 2:15; 1 Ti 3:16). “Steadfast love/grace” and “truth/faithfulness” are, of course, an important part of God’s nature, but “fullness” by definition isn’t limited to those aspects.+1:16The LSGNT Notes mark ὅτι ( hoti) here as introducing an explanatory clause (see LSGNT Notes, Jn 1:16, sv).+1:16πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+1:16“Merciful” has been included in the translation to maintain the connection with “steadfast mercy” in vv 14 and 17.+1:16Or blessing. Lit grace. ME (see L-N, 57.103, 88.66; translation and note at “faithfulness” in v 14 above). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:16Or one gracious and merciful gift in return for another, or one gracious and merciful gift in place of another, or one gracious and merciful gift for another, or one gracious and merciful gift corresponding to another. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:16; UBSHS [Jn], 25). Cf Ex 33:13.+1:17ὁ νόμος ( ho nomos) here is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT).+1:17διὰ Μωϋσέως ( dia Mōuseōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit grace and truth. ME (see translation and note at v 14).+1:17διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ( dia Yēsou Christou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit have become, or have been done. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 26. “Shown” is the verb typically used in English translations with these concepts in the OT (see, eg, most English translations at Ex 20:6 and Dt 5:10).+1:18Or The matchless/unique/only God. Following the NET in translation here. For a brief discussion of some of the textual and translational questions involved here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:18.+1:18Lit who is at the bosom of the Father. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 557, sv κόλπος 1; L-N, 34.18; NAC [Jn], 124). Cf NET.+1:19Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see BDAG, 478, sv Ἰουδαῖος, 2.e.β.; NAC [Jn], 126; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:19; UBSHS [Jn], 29; translation and notes at Ac 9:22). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:19Lit to ask, “Who are you?” Cf NIV.+1:20Moving the cataphoric reference/forward-pointing target (see BART Display and LDGNT) forward for the sake of clarity.+1:20Lit and he openly acknowledged, and did not deny but openly acknowledged. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Lit “What then?” ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Ἠλίας ( ēlias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Ml 4:5.+1:21Lit he.+1:21ὁ προφήτης ( ho prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Dt 18:15-18.+1:22ἀπόκρισιν ( apokrisin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so to allow this element to land in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+1:23Lit he.+1:23Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+1:23Is 40:3+1:24Lit were part of the Pharisees, or were from the Pharisees. ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 397, sv Φαρισαῖος; L-N, 11.49; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:24).+1:25EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame (see LDGNT). In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62). The element of surprise is signaled in translation here with an EFE (“why in the world?”).+1:26VPR. See VCC (Mt 3:11).+1:26Or in. So throughout Jn 1.+1:27ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:28ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ( en bēthania) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:28IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:29Lit he.+1:29Or who is going to take away. Scholars are divided as to whether this statement is reflective of John the Baptist’s theology, or that of John himself. If the former is the situation, the cleansing is probably meant to be understood apocalyptically (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 36). John the Baptist’s messages in the other gospels are clearly apocalyptic in orientation (see Mt 3; Lk 3), and, since the Apostle John himself ascribes these words to John the Baptist, there is no reason to doubt that this is reflective of the John the Baptist’s own position. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+1:29Cf Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8-9; Re 17:14.+1:30οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:30ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:30πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31διὰ τοῦτο ( dia toutou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element (and to its left-dislocated referent).+1:31ἐν ὕδατι ( en hudati) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31Cf CJB, TEV.+1:32Or from the sky.+1:33Or upon. When used with verbs of motion, ἐπί ( epi) (with its object in the accusative case, as here) functions as a marker of direction (see BDAG, 364, sv 4.b.; translation and note at “toward” in Mt 3:16).+1:34Both verbs in this verse are in the perfect tense. A stative verb and a present tense verb have been used in translation in an attempt to covey the ongoing results (at the time of the speaker) in English.+1:37Lit heard him speaking. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+1:38Cf NCV, TEV.+1:39IT. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:39παρ’ αὐτῷ ( par’ autō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:39Lit The hour was about the tenth. ME(H). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT.+1:40Lit heard from John. ME. Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+1:40Lit and followed him.+1:41IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 44).+1:41Lit first. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV. τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἴδιον ( ton adelphon ton idion) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore πρῶτον ( prōton) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:41τὸν ἴδιον ( ton idion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:41Cf NCV, TEV.+1:42Lit him.+1:42Κηφᾶς ( kēphas) (“Cephas” in many translations) is the Aramaic surname for Simon (see L-N, 93.211). Cf CJB.+1:42Lit which is translated Peter. ME/IT (see ESL, #4074; L-N, 93.296). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:43Lit he.+1:43IT (see L-N, 93.444).+1:43Lit follow me. ME(H) (see translation and notes at Mt 4:19).+1:45ὃν ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ καὶ οἱ προφῆται ( hon engrapsen Mōusēs en tō nomō kai hoi prophētai) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:45Cf Gn 3:15, 9:27, 12:1-3, 49:8-12; Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-44; Nu 24:15-19; Dt 15:15-18, 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+1:45Cf Is 4:2, 7:14, 9:1-7, 11:1-6, 24:21-25, 28:16, 30:19-26, 42:1-7, 49:1-6, 50:4-9, 52:13-53:12, 55:3-5, 61:1-3, 63:1-6; Jr 23:5-6, 30:9, 30:21, 33:14-16; Ezk 17:22-24, 21:25-27, 34:23-31, 37:15-28; Dn 7:13-14, 9:24-27; Ho 3:4-5; Jl 2:23; Am 9:11-15; Mic 2:12-13, 5:1-4; Hg 2:6-9, 2:21-23; Ac 3:8-10, 6:9-15, 9:9-10, 10:4, 11:4-14, 12:10, 13:7; Ml 3:1, 4:2.+1:46τι ἀγαθὸν ( ti agathon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+1:47ἀληθῶς ( alētōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47Lit in whom. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, and TEV at Jn 2:25; NIV and TEV at Jn 5:42.+1:47δόλος ( dolos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47An allusion to Ps 32:2.+1:48πόθεν ( pothen) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:48EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+1:48Lit to him.+1:48πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι ( pro tou se Phillippon phōnēsai) and ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν ( onta hupo tēn sukēn) are in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverb have been used to give extra focus to these elements.+1:48See note at “it was” earlier in this verse.+1:48φωνῆσαι ( phōnēsai) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been translated such as to allow part of this element to land in clause-final for extra stress.+1:49Cf, eg, 2 Sa 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132.+1:49βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ ( basileus tou Yisraēl) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς ( hoti eipon soi hoti eidon se hupokatō tēs sukēs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb/downtoner (cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50μείζω τούτων ( meizō toutōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:51IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+1:51“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here. Cf ISV, NET.+1:51Or the sky.+1:51An allusion to Gn 28:12.+1:51Cf Gn 28:12; Dn 7:13-14.+2:1Or two days later.+2:1γάμος ( gamos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:3οἶνον ( oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see translation and notes at Mt 8:29; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:4; UBSHS [Jn], 57). Cf HCSB, LEB, NIV.+2:4ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 15:28). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+2:4Lit hour.+2:5ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν ( ho ti an legē humin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:6Lit according to the ritual purification/cleansing of the Jews. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit each holding two or three measures. ME(H) (see L-N, 81.22). Cf most English translations.+2:7Lit told them.+2:8Or to the head servant/steward.+2:9οἶνον ( oinon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:9Lit and didn’t know. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NET, NLT.+2:9οἱ διάκονοι ( hoi diakonoi) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end (cf NCV and TEV).+2:9Lit the man in charge of the banquet.+2:10πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ( pas anthrōpos) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:10Lit every man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 61).+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:10τὸν καλὸν οἶνον ( ton kalon oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:10Lit they. Cf NET, NIV.+2:10IT. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:11Ταύτην ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων ( Tautēn archēn tōn sēmeiōn) is in a split-focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the preposed element has been left in clause-initial for extra focus, while ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ( en Kana tēs Galialias) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to the split element.+2:11Or disclosed. Cf HCSB.+2:13IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:13ἐγγὺς ( engus) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:13Cf Ex 12:14; Dt 16:16.+2:14Lit found in the temple courts. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 298). Cf NLT.+2:14Or pigeons.+2:14IT. Cf NLT.+2:14IT (see L-N, 57.205; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:14). Cf ISV, NET, TEV.+2:15πάντας τά τε πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας ( pantas ta te probata kai tous boas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. The preposed element has also been segmented with commas for extra focus and emphasis.+2:15τῶν κολλυβιστῶν τὸ κέρμα ( tōn kollubistōn to kerma) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The phrase has been structured as to allow the split element to land in clause-final.+2:15τὰς τραπέζας ( tas trapezas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary stress.+2:16Or the pigeons. Cf Lv 5:7-11. Jesus’ anger toward this particular group may be related to them taking advantage of the poor. τὰς περιστερὰς ( tas peristeras) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17γεγραμμένον ( gegrammenon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17Ps 69:9+2:18Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+2:18ποιεῖς ( poieis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity; cf LDGNT), and therefore the phrase has been translated with the demonstrative pronoun directly preceding the information activated by ποιεῖς, to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:18Lit What sign can you show us that/since these things you do? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 68). Cf JB.+2:20τεσσεράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν ( tesserakonta kai hex etesin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:20ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ( en trisin hēmerais) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner/adverb and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:21Lit That one. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+2:21Lit That one was speaking about the sanctuary of his body. The genitive here is functioning appositionally. This is reflected in the translation.+2:22τοῦτο ( touto) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:22“On a number of occasions” is drawn from the imperfect tense here. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 71.+2:22Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4.+2:22Lit and in the word that Jesus had said. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:22Following the lead of the NCV in using parentheses here.+2:23Lit that one.+2:23πολλοὶ ( polloi) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:24Lit because he was knowing all [of them]. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73; translation and notes at Jn 1:48). Note that, as in the case of the imperfect indicative in v 25, imperfective aspect is also encoded in the infinitive here. Vincent’s interpretation in v 25 would also have relevance here, therefore, since v 25 is giving strength and support to these statements (note the presence of γὰρ [ gar] in the final clause there). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT at v 25.+2:25Lit and he had no need that anyone should bear witness about the man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf ISV, CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:25Lit For he himself knew what was in the man. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf CJB, NAB, NCV, NEB, NLT.+3:1Lit a ruler of the Jews. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:1). Cf NET, NIV.+3:1Νικόδημος ( Nikodēmos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:2Lit to him.+3:2ἀπὸ θεοῦ διδάσκαλος ( apo theou didaskalos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT). A cleft-construction and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to the preposed element within the ME (see following note).+3:2Lit that you have come from God as a teacher. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 76). Cf NCV, NEB, NLT, TEV.+3:2ταῦτα τὰ σημεῖα ἃ σὺ ποιεῖς ( tauta ta sēmeia ha su poieis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+3:2σὺ ( su) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:3EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+3:3IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:3Drawing from L-N in translation here (see L-N, 41.53). In the NT, γεννάω ( gennaō) can variously refer to conception (see, eg, Mt 1:20; Jn 8:41; Ga 4:23), the time in the womb (see, eg, Lk 23:29), actual birth (see, eg, Mt 2:4; Lk 1:57), or the entire process viewed as whole (see, eg, Lk 1:13), depending on the context. Also, when the father’s role is in view, the focus is on the act of procreation (see, eg, BSL, Jn 3:5, sv—“to be or become conceived due to male agency”), ie, “to beget” (see, eg, the ASV, KJV, NKJV, and YLT at Mt 1:1-16). In John 3, the entire process is in view. “Conception” happens when one receives the deposit/down payment/firstfruits of the Spirit (cf Rm 8:23; 2 Co 1:22; Eph 1:14); “gestation” (ie, sanctification) happens between that time and the Second Coming; and “birth” happens at the Second Coming when Jesus’ people are raised from the dead (cf Rm 8:18-23). Unfortunately, there is no precise English equivalent that adequately captures the richness of the concept here.+3:3The adverb used here (ἄνωθεν [ anōthen]) can mean either “from above” or “again” (see BDAG, 92, sv 1, 4; NET Bible Note, Jn 3:3). Nicodemus interprets the statement as meaning “again,” while Jesus Himself probably has both meanings in view here (cf v 5). There are no ideal translation solutions here, since Nicodemus’ response is based on his failure to understand how Jesus is using the word (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 78). Still, to keep the idea from becoming completely lost in translation, it has been included in v 7 as an appositional phrase.+3:3In this context, εἶδον ( eidon) means to “experience” (see BDAG, 279, sv 4)—in the sense of witnessing and taking part in future events (cf, eg, Lk 17:22, 20:35, 22:16-18; 1 Co 6:10, 15:50; Rm 8:22-25; Ga 5:21; Php 3:10-11; 2 Ti 4:18; Re 2:26-29; cf especially “enter” in v 5 below), not in the sense of spiritually “seeing” the Messianic Kingdom abstractly redefined (an example of Christo-Platonism; for many resources on Christo-Platonism, see www.danieltrainingnetwork.org). Cf the rendering here with HCSB and NIV renderings of τυγχάνω ( tunchanō) at Lk 20:35 (where it means to “experience” an event; see BDAG, 1019, sv τυγχάνω 1). Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 77.+3:4γέρων ( gerōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note at the end of this clause).+3:4For the rhetorical function of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+3:4Lit How can a man be given birth to, being old? ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+3:4In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). This is reflected in the translation here. Cf NIV, TEV.+3:4εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ ( eis tēn koilian tēs mētros autou) and δεύτερον ( deuteron) are in P2 (see BART Display; LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give these elements extra focus and emphasis (δεύτερον has been incorporated into the verb in translation [cf CJB, NLT]).+3:4 and to be. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, or when some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf NIV.+3:5IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:5Or by/from water and spirit. Cf Is 44:1-5; Ezk 36:24-27, 37:9-10; Jn 1:13; 2 Co 5:17; Ga 4.+3:6Lit by the flesh. Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf translation and notes at Jn 1:13.+3:6Lit is flesh. Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf 1 Co 15:50. σάρξ ( sarx) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6πνεῦμά ( pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:6Cf 1 Co 15:35-49. As passages like Lk 24:36-43 (“a ghost [lit πνεῦμα ( pneuma)—“spirit”] does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have” [v 39, NIV]) make clear, “spirit” here doesn’t mean complete immateriality (Christo-Platonism) or total discontinuity with the non-resurrected body. There is continuity with the former body, and yet the new body has properties in its glorified state that allow the person to function in some ways like the angels. Cf Is 44:1-5; Mt 22:29-32; Lk 20:34-37, 24:36-43; Jn 3:8, 20:26-27; Ac 23:6; Rm 8:11; Heb 1:7.+3:7See note at “again” in v 3 above.+3:8The Greek word used here (πνεῦμα [ pneuma]) can mean wind, breath, spirit, or Spirit.+3:8ὅπου θέλει ( hopou thelei) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element.+3:8Lit where it decides/wants. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 81). Cf Ezk 37:9.+3:8τὴν φωνὴν αὐτοῦ ( tēn phōnēn autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:8Lit the sound of it. ME. Cf TEV.+3:8οὕτως ( houtōs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and demonstrative cleft have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:8In Jesus’ resurrected body, which was spirit-like (see Lk 24:37) or angel-like (see Lk 20:36), though not immaterial and completely discontinuous from his earlier body (see Lk 24:39 and Jn 20:27), Jesus was able to suddenly appear and disappear in a way similar to the angels (cf Mt 28:9-10; Mk 16:12; Lk 24:30, 36-43; Jn 20:19-29; Ac 9:3-5), whom God makes “winds” (Heb 1:7).+3:9Lit How can these things happen? ME. Cf NLT.+3:10The article is most likely functioning to underscore “the status and position of Nicodemus as a teacher in Israel” (see UBSHS [Jn], 82; cf Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 3:10; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:95). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+3:10οὐ γινώσκεις ( ou ginōskeis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:11IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+3:11Or know.\f + ὃ οἴδαμεν ( ho eidamen) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a comma have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:11ὃ ἑωράκαμεν ( ho heōrakamen) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a comma has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:12Lit If I tell you... and you don’t believe. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, or when some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+3:12τὰ ἐπίγεια ( ta epigeia) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a comma and adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+3:12Lit If I have said to you the things pertaining to the earth and you don’t believe. ME (see ANLEX, 163, sv ἐπίγειος 2; UBSHS [Jn], 83).+3:12For the rhetorical function of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ. Cf NLT.+3:12ἐὰν εἴπω ὑμῖν τὰ ἐπουράνια ( ean eipō humin ta epourania) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed at the end of the sentence for primary focus and stress.+3:12Lit How will you believe if I say to you the heavenly things/matters/occurrences? ME (see ANLEX, 163, sv ἐπίγειος 1, 2; UBSHS [Jn], 83). Cf 2 Co 12:3-4.+3:13Lit And no one has ascended into heaven. ME(OTB) (see FSB, Jn 3:13; NAC [Pr], 236; TEV at Pr 30:4). Cf Dt 30:11-14; Pr 30:4 (see esp TEV); Jn 1:18.+3:13οὐδεὶς ( oudeis) and ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβά ( ho ek tou ouranou kataba) are in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT). A colon and demonstrative pronoun have been used to give extra focus to the main point (exception/restriction is a forward-pointing device in Greek; see Runge, Disc Grammar, 83-91).+3:13ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:13Cf Dt 30:11-14; Pr 30:4; Dn 7:13-14; Jn 1:18.+3:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:14IT. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:14An allusion to Nu 21:8-9.+3:14Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; UBSHS [Jn], 109; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+3:14ὑψωθῆναι ( hupsōthēnai) is receiving focal prominence here (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has thus been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:15Although the focus of “eternal life”in the NT is eschatological (see Mt 19:29, 25:46; Mk 10:17, 30; Lk 10:25, 18:18-30; Jn 3:15-16, 6:40, 6:54, 12:25; 1 Co 9:25; Jm 1:12; 1 Jn 2:25; Re 2:10), in some places in John’s writings the new life experienced through the “deposit of the Spirit” (to use Paul’s language; see 2 Co 1:22; Eph 1:14) is also included within its purview (see, eg, Jn 4:14, 6:53, 17:2-3). If God himself is “eternal life” (1 Jn 5:20; cf Jn 1:1-4, 4:14, 5:26), and God gives himself as a gift (through the Spirit) to those who believe, then the gift he gives to those who believe is “eternal life”—not in some generic “quality of life” sense (though “eternal life” does, of course, possess qualities and defining characteristics), but in the sense that God’s own life is at work in them through the eternal Spirit (cf Heb 9:14) until they experience “eternal life” through bodily resurrection (see Jn 4:14, 6:40, 6:44, 6:54; cf Rm 8:18-25; Heb 6:5). In light of this, ἔχω ( exō) in this context means “experience” (see UBSHS [Jn], 88; cf BDAG, 421, sv ἔχω 7; L-N, 90.65), and involves fellowship with the Father and the Son through the Spirit (cf, eg, Jn 6:55-56, 17:3; 1 Jn 1:2-3). Cf Php 3:10-11.+3:15This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:16Or how God loved. Cf translation and notes at 2 Th 2:16.+3:16Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. See translation and notes at Jn 1:14.+3:16τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μονογενῆ ( ton huion ton monogenē) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:16Cf NCV. In this context, ἀπόλλυμι ( apollumi) is referring to eternal ruin/punishment in Gehenna (note the contrast with “eternal life”). Cf Mt 10:20; 2 Th 1:9; 2 Th 2:10; Re 13:11-17, 14:9-11. Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 89. It does not refer to the annihilation of the wicked.+3:16This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:16Cf Re 2:10-11.+3:18Conditions are implied in the participles in this verse. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf, eg, Jn 6:53. Cf also UBSHS (Jn), 99.+3:18Lit in him. Cf NCV, TEV.+3:18The presence of ἤδη ( ēdē) in the next part of this verse indicates that the present indicative here is functioning futuristically. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV at Jn 5:24.+3:18Lit already condemned. John is speaking proleptically here (cf translation and notes at Jn 12:31, 16:11). I have signaled this in translation here with “doom,” so that any potential connection with Jn 16:11 isn’t lost for English readers (see translation and notes there). Although proleptic/prophetic perfects typically occur in the apodosis of an implicit or explicit conditional clause (Wallace, Grammar, 581), this is not always the case (see Robertson, Grammar, 898).+3:18Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. See translation and notes at Jn 1:14.+3:19Cf JB.+3:20φαῦλα ( phaulos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:20IT. Cf TEV.+3:20Cf TEV.+3:21ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν ( ho poiōn tēn alētheian) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:21Lit who do the truth, or who deal truly. ME(OTB) (see examples cited with Jn 3:21 in BDAG, 42, sv ἀλήθεια 2.b.; L-N, 41.7; UBSHS [Jn], 93). Cf Jn 1:47; 1 Jn 3:5-9. Cf also HCSB, NCV, NIV.+3:21Lit so that it may be made openly/publicly evident/seen/known. ME. Cf ISV.+3:21ἐν θεῷ ( en theō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a rhetorical question and adverb have been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+3:21An emphasis on union with God is present not only in Paul’s writings, but also in John’s (see, eg, Jn 14-17). Cf Mt 5:16; Ga 2:19-20.+3:23ὕδατα πολλὰ ( hudata polla) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:23Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf most English translations.+3:25Lit therefore.+3:25The presence of ἐκ ( ek) here makes it very clear which group started the discussion (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:104).+3:26Cf NEB in UBSHS (Jn), 98.+3:26πάντες ( pantes) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:27EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+3:28Lit You yourselves can bear witness that I said. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 98; translation and notes at 2 Th 1:10). Cf NCV. αὐτοὶ ὑμεῖς ( autoi humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore “with your own ears” has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+3:28ἀπεσταλμένος ἔμπροσθεν ἐκείνου ( apestalmenous emprosthen ekeinou) is in an split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The DFE has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:29χαρᾷ ( chara) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and is also a cognate dative. An adjective has thus been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:30Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+3:30IT. The verb from the preceding clause is implied here.+3:31ἄνωθεν ( anōthen) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ἐπάνω πάντων ( epanō pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:31ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 19:26).+3:31Or is above all things.+3:31ἐκ τῆς γῆς ( ek tēs gēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb, demonstrative pronoun, dashes, and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31λαλεῖ ( lalei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31Lit speaks from the earth. ME. Cf 1 Jn 4:6 (see translation and note there).+3:31ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ( ek tou ouranou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ἐπάνω πάντων ( epanō pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:31ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 19:26).+3:32IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 102; translation and notes at Jn 3:11-13). Firsthand knowledge is also implied by μαρτυρέω ( martureō).+3:32μαρτυρεῖ ( marturei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:33A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:33Lit he.+3:33ἀληθής ( alēthēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis. Cf 1 Jn 1:10.+3:34τὰ ῥήματα τοῦ θεοῦ ( ta rhēmata tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:34Lit he.+3:34Lit for he does not give [him] the Spirit by measure. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:34; UBSHS [Jn], 103). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV. ἐκ μέτρου ( ek metrou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore this element within the ME has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:35Lit has given in his hand. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 76.3; NET Bible Notes, Jn 3:35). Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+3:35πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:36A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:36See note at Jn 3:15. The present indicative is functioning futuristically here (note the contrast with “will not see life” [οὐκ ὄψεται ζωήν ( ouk opsetai zōēn)] in the next part of the verse).+3:36This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+3:36A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9. Cf translation and notes at Jn 3:18.+3:36ὁράω ( horaō) in this context means to experience (see BDAG, 719, sv 3). Cf notes at Jn 3:3, 15.+3:36ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ ( hē orgē tou theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore inversion has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:1Lit that Jesus.+4:1πλείονας μαθητὰς ἢ Ἰωάννης ( pleionas mathētas ē Yōannēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:2IT. Cf NIV, TEV.+4:2Ἰησοῦς αὐτὸς ἀλλ’ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ( Yēsous autos all’ hoi mathētai autou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and constitutes a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:4Divine necessity is implied by the verb used here (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4; UBSHS [Jn], 109; translation and notes at Mt 16:21).+4:4ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:4).+4:4IT (see L-N, 93.568).+4:5Cf Gn 33:19, 48:22; Jsh 24:32.+4:6Lit The hour was about the sixth. ME(H). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:7IT. Cf NCV.+4:7The imperative here is as imperative of entreaty (ie, it is functioning as a polite request). Cf NCV, NLT.+4:8τροφὰς ( trophas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:9Ἰουδαῖος ( Youdaios) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note after the final quotation marks in this verse).+4:9γυναικὸς Σαμαρίτιδος ( gunaikos Samaritidos) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see note after the final quotation marks in this verse).+4:9For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.α-δ.+4:9παρ’ ἐμοῦ ( para emou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:9Lit How can you, being a Jew, ask to drink from me, being a Samaritan woman? ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+4:9Or refuse to have dealings with Samaritans. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:9; UBSHS [Jn], 113). Cf NET, TEV.+4:10Using indirect discourse in translation here (lit “If you had recognized the gift of God and who is the one saying to you, ‘give me to drink’) for more natural transference into English. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:11Lit she.+4:11ἄντλημα ( antlēma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been rendered with an indefinite article for extra focus and stress. Cf NIV.+4:11Cf NIV.+4:12In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:12είζων τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν Ἰακώβ ( meizōn tou patros hēmōn Yakōb) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a spacer (drawn from the negative answer implied by the question here; see preceding note) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:12Or forefather. Lit father.+4:12αὐτὸς ( autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:14A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+4:14ἐγὼ ( egō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:14This is an οὐ μὴ ( ou mē) + aorist subjunctive construction, which is the strongest and most emphatic form of negation in Koine Greek (see Black, Grammar, 180; Mounce, Grammar, 316; NET Bible Notes, Re 3:3). “Never” is an appropriate translation here, since a temporal marker is present contextually (εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα [ eis ton aiōna]). Cf most English translations.+4:14Or spring.+4:14This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+4:15The presence of sir/Lord here suggests an imperative of entreaty (ie, a polite request), despite the prevailing hostilities between Jews and Samaritans. Cf NLT.+4:16Lit he.+4:17ἄνδρα ( andra) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:18Cf NCV, NIV.+4:18πέντε ἄνδρας ( pente andras) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:18Lit he whom you have. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:18νῦν ( nun) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:18ἀληθὲς ( alēthes) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been use to give extra focus to this element. Cf NIV.+4:18Lit This you have said truthfully. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 119). Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NRSV.+4:19προφήτης ( prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore κύριε ( kurie) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:20Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+4:20ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ ( en tō orei toutō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:20“Jews” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context. Cf NLT, TEV.+4:20ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ( en Yerosolumois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf NCV, TEV.+4:20Drawing from the BSL in translation here (see BSL, Jn 4:20, sv δεῖ). δεῖ ( dei) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:21IT. See note at Jn 2:4. Cf NLT.+4:21Lit an hour.+4:21οὔτε ἐν τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ οὔτε ἐν Ἱεροσολύμοις ( en tō orei toutō oute in Yerosolumois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:22“Samaritans” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:22Lit You worship what you do not know. ME (see Robertson, Word Pictures, 121; UBSHS [Jn], 121; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:119; cf the use of the neuter in reference to God here with Ac 17:23). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:22“Jews” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context.+4:22Lit We worship what we know. ME (see note at “worship” above). Cf Dt 4:1-14; Ps 147:19-20; Rm 3:1-2, 9:3-5.+4:22ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ( ek tōn Youdaiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf TEV.+4:23Lit an hour.+4:23νῦν ( nun) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+4:23ἀληθινοὶ ( alēthinoi) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:23Or in spirit. Cf TEV. Cf also Jn 3:5, 14:17, 15:26, 16:13; Php 3:3.+4:23τοιούτους τοὺς προσκυνοῦντας αὐτόν ( toihoutous tous proskunoontas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. τοιούτους ( toioutous) has also been rendered with a demonstrative pronoun for extra focus and emphasis.+4:24πνεῦμα ( pneuma) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:24Lit must worship.+4:24Or in spirit.+4:24ἐν πνεύματι καὶ ἀληθείᾳ ( en pneumati kai alētheia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adverb/spacer has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:24Cf Jn 3:5, 14:17, 15:26, 16:13; Php 3:3.+4:25Μεσσίας ( Messias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:25Cf Gn 3:15, 49:10; Nu 24:17; Dt 18:15.+4:26Or I myself am he. Cf NLT. I interpret this as a reference to the divine name of Ex 3:14 (see translation and notes at Mt 14:27; cf UBSHS [Jn], 124). This is reflected in the translation. Cf also Ex 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6. The Samaritans recognized the authority of the Pentateuch, which may be one of the reasons Jesus uses this reference here.+4:27μετὰ γυναικὸς ( meta gunaikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:29οὗτός ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus.+4:29In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296). This doesn’t necessarily indicate unbelief on the part of the woman, though (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 4:33). Cf NET, NLT.+4:30IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:30Lit they.+4:30Lit to/toward him.+4:31Lit begging him.+4:31This is an imperative of entreaty.+4:32Cf NLT.+4:32Lit he.+4:32βρῶσιν ἣν ὑμεῖς οὐκ οἴδατε ( Brōsin hēn humeis ouk oidate) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore ὁ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ( ho eipen autois) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. “To eat” has also been left implicit in translation to the same end (cf NLT).+4:32“Disciples” is drawn from the plural “you” here, and the context.+4:33τις ( tis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:33In Greek, questions that begin with μὴ ( mē) expect a negative answer (see Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:34ἐμὸν ( emon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a possessive adjective has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:35Lit You say, do you not? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 128). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV. In Greek, questions that begin with οὐ ( ou) expect an affirmative answer (Black, Grammar, 170; Mounce, Grammar, 296).+4:35τετράμηνός ( tetramēnos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:35λευκαί πρὸς θερισμόν ( leukai pros therismon) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:36μισθὸν ( misthon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:36This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+4:36ὁμοῦ ( homou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:37ἄλλος ( allos) is in P2 two times in this verse (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to these elements. Cf LEB.+4:37Following the interpretation of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Jn], 129). Cf JB.+4:38ὑμεῖς ( humeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:38Lit I sent you to reap that which you have not labored. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 130). Cf TEV.+4:38ἄλλοι ( alloi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:38IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 130).+4:38εἰς τὸν κόπον αὐτῶν ( eis ton kopon autōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:38Lit and you have entered into their labor. ME (see BDAG, 294, εἰσέρχομαι 2; UBSHS [Jn], 130).+4:39πολλοὶ τῶν Σαμαριτῶν ( polloi tōn Samaritōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Repetition has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element.+4:39Lit because of the word of the woman testifying. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:41πολλῷ πλείους ( pollō pleious) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:41Lit because of his word/message/speech. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV.+4:42τῇ γυναικὶ ( tē gunaiki) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:42διὰ τὴν σὴν λαλιὰν ( dia tēn sēn lalian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and an adverb/downtoner have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:42αὐτοὶ ( autoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+4:43Lit he.+4:44ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι ( en tē idia patridi) and τιμὴν ( timēn) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to τιμὴν.+4:45The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, LEB, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.*4:45(They, too,\f + καὶ αὐτοὶ ( kai autoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element, with the intensive pronoun also rendered intensively.+4:46Lit he.+4:46Cf ISV.+4:46IT. Cf CJB, NCV, and TEV at Mt 4:13.+4:48σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ( sēmeia kai terata) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a demonstrative pronoun and dashes has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:49This is an imperative of entreaty (ie, an imperative functioning as a polite request). Cf ISV, NLT.+4:50See note at Mk 7:29. The same applies here. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT.+4:51Lit he.+4:51οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ ( hoi douloi autou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:52Lit the hour in which. ME. Cf TEV.+4:52κομψότερον ( kompsoteron) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:52ἐχθὲς ὥραν ἑβδόμην ( echthes hōran hebdomēn) is in P2 (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore a cleft, a spacer, and a demonstrative cleft have been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:52Lit at the seventh hour. ME(H). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+4:52See note at “it was” earlier in this verse.+4:53Lit at that same hour. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+4:53Lit he.+4:54Τοῦτο πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ( Touto palin deuteron sēmeiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore Τοῦτο has been left in clause-initial, and ἐλθὼν ἐκ τῆς Ἰουδαίας εἰς τὴν Γαλιλαίαν ( elthōn ek tēs Youdaias eis tēn Galilaian) used as a spacer, to give extra focus to this element.
=