2
“This Jesus Did, in Cana of Galilee, as the First of His Miraculous Signs”
On the third day+ there took place in Cana of Galilee a wedding.+ Jesus’ mother was there, and Jesus and his disciples had also been invited to the wedding. When the wine ran out, Jesus’ mother said to him, “They’re out of wine.+
“What does this concern of yours have to do with me,+ dear+ woman?” Jesus asked her. “My time+ hasn’t come yet.”
His mother told the servants, “Do whatever it is+ he tells ᵖyou.” Now, located nearby were six stone water jars that the Jews used for their ceremonial washings,+ each one large enough to hold twenty to thirty gallons.+ “Fill the jars with water,” Jesus told the servants.+ So they filled them up to the top. Then he said to them, “Now draw some out and take it to the man in charge of the banquet.+” And they did so.
Well, when the man in charge of the banquet tasted the water that had become wine,+ not knowing+ where it had come from (the servants, of course, themselves+ knew—those who had drawn the water), he+ called the bridegroom over 10 and said to him, “In the case+ of most people,+ the fine+ wine is what+ they serve first; then, when the guests+ have had too much to drink, the cheaper. ˢYou, though,+ have held back the fine+ wine until now!”
11 This+ Jesus did, in Cana of Galilee, as the first of his miraculous signs; he displayed+ his glory, and his disciples put their faith in him.
12 After this he went down to Capernaum, he and his mother and his brothers and his disciples. And in that town they stayed for a few days.
“Stop Turning My Father’s House into a House of Business and Trade!”
13 The time+ for the Jewish Passover Festival was very+ near, and so Jesus went up to Jerusalem.+ 14 He went into the temple courts and saw+ those who were selling oxen and sheep and doves+ for sacrifices,+ as well as the moneychangers sitting at their tables.+ 15 Making a whip out of cords, he drove out of the temple courts both the sheep and the oxen,+ all of them, and scattered the moneychangers’ coins,+, and overturned their tables.+ 16 He told those who were selling the doves,+ “Get these things out of here! Stop turning my Father’s house into a house of business and trade!” 17 His disciples remembered that it was written+: “Zeal for your house will consume me.”+
18 So the Jewish authorities+ asked him, “What sign can ˢyou show us to justify these+ actions of yours?”+
19 “Tear down this sanctuary,” replied Jesus, “and in three days I will raise it up again.”
20 “This sanctuary has been under construction for a good+ forty-six years!” said the Jewish authorities. “ˢYou, however, are going to raise it up in only+ three days?” 21 (Jesus,+ though, was speaking about a different temple, namely, his own body.+ 22 After he was raised from the dead, therefore, his disciples remembered that this+ he had said on a number of occasions.+ And so they believed the Scripture+ and what Jesus had said.+)+
23 Now while Jesus+ was in Jerusalem during the Passover Festival, many, many+ people put their faith in his name when they saw the miraculous signs he was doing. 24 Jesus, however, on his part, refused to entrust himself to them, because he knew what kind of person each of them was,+ 25 and didn’t need anyone to tell him about a person’s heart.+ Indeed, he himself knew each person’s thoughts and motives.+
+1:1θεὸς ( theos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:3πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:4ζωὴ ( zōē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective and intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element with the ME (see following note).+1:4Lit in him was life. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 5:26). Cf NLT, TEV. “Life” here doesn’t mean “alive,” but possessing the power to give life as the source of life. Trying to maintain some measure of consistency in translation here with Jn 5:26, so that the connection isn’t lost to English readers.+1:4Cf Ps 36:9.+1:5ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ( en tē skotia) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Cf Is 42:5-9; 49:1-6.+1:5Or did not overcome. Here the aorist tense is either functioning gnomically (cf, eg, ISV, NLT, TEV), or is signaling a specific event (cf, eg, HCSB, NRSV).+1:5Or comprehend. Cf 1 Co 2:8. οὐ κατέλαβεν ( ou katelaben) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:6Cf the translation of γίνομαι ( ginomai) here with the translation of παραγίνομαι ( paraginomai) at Mt 3:1 (see notes there; see also L-N, 85.7).+1:7Cf CJB, NLT, and TEV at Jn 5:31-32.+1:7IT. If the “through him” that follows is referring to John the Baptist (as most commentators believe; see UBSHS [Jn], 14), then “the light,” ie, the Messiah/Word, is the implied object of faith here. Cf, eg, Jn 3:15-16, 3:36; 4:39.+1:7Lit through him, or through it. ME. Cf NLT.+1:8Lit that man. Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8IT. The verb is implied from the context. Cf most English translations.+1:9Lit He was.+1:9The participle is interpreted as adverbial participle of means. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV.+1:9Or The true light, which gives light to every human being, was coming into the world, or He was the true light that gives light to every human being coming into the world. Following the lead of the ISV in translation here. Cf Jn 6:14, 9:39, 11:27, 16:28.+1:10ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ( en tō kosmō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10δι’ αὐτοῦ ( di’ autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10οὐκ ἔγνω ( ouk egnō) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra emphasis to this element.+1:11εἰς τὰ ἴδια ( eis ta idia) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft construction and an adverb have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:11Or to his very own creation. Lit to his own things. ME (see NAC [Jn], 114; UBSHS [Jn], 18). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, TEV.+1:11οὐ παρέλαβον ( ou parelabon) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:12τέκνα θεοῦ ( tekna theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:13Lit who. Cf NET, NIV.+1:13For a discussion of the range of meaning possible with γεννάω ( gennaō), see notes at 1 Pt 1:3. Conception is primarily in view here, with the rest of the birth process also implied on some level. Cf also the translation and notes at Ga 4:21-30.+1:13οὐκ ἐξ αἱμάτων οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος σαρκὸς οὐδὲ ἐκ θελήματος ἀνδρὸς ἀλλ’ ἐκ θεοῦ ( ouk ex haimatōn oude ek thelēmatos sarkos oude ek thelēmatos andros all’ ek theou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and contains a point and counterpoint (see LDGNT). Therefore, the negative particle has been placed immediately before the various parts of the counterpoint in order to give extra this element extra focus and emphasis. Commas have also been used to the same end.+1:13Lit not of bloods. ME(I/F/H) (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:13).+1:13Lit nor from the will/desire of the flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 19). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G (see FBT Chart). Cf NET.+1:13Or a husband’s decision.+1:14σὰρξ ( sarx) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adjective (cf the translation at Php 2:7) and commas have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+1:14Lit The Word became flesh. ME (see translation and notes at Rm 8:3 and Php 2:6-8; FBT Chart, C, F, G, I, M, N; UBSHS [Jn], 21). Translating “flesh” according to “Flesh” G, M (see FBT Chart).+1:14Cf, eg, Ex 40:34; Lv 16:2; Nu 9:15.+1:14Or unique, or only, or one-of-a-kind. For a brief discussion of the meaning of μονογενής ( monogenēs), see NET Bibles Notes, Jn 1:16. Cf ISV, NET. In Heb 11:17, the term is used of Isaac, who wasn’t Abraham’s only son, but his “unique” son in the sense that the covenant was to be confirmed with him and the promises to be fulfilled through his line (cf Gn 17:19, 21:12).+1:14According to BDAG, in a number of places in John, “a local sense [is] preserved” with παρά ( para) (see BDAG, 756, sv 1; cf NAC [Jn], 120). V 18 indicates that this is most likely true here at well. The local aspect is signaled in translation here with “the presence of.” Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14Cf Jn 17:5.+1:14πλήρης ( plērēs) is modifying μονογενοῦς ( monogenous). “And who was” is included in translation here to ensure that the following statement is processed in connection with “the matchless Son,” rather than the “Father” (though of course the Father is also full of steadfast mercy and faithfulness!).+1:14Lit full of grace and truth. ME (OTB) (see LALS, sv ἀλήθεια; Ibid, sv χάρις; NAC [Jn], 121; UBSHS [Jn], 22). Cf the LXX and the MT, eg, at Ge 24:27, 47:29; 2 Sa 2:6, 15:20; 2 Ch 32:1; Ne 9:33; Ps 26:3, 30:9, 35:6, 40:10, 54:5, 69:13, 88:11, 89:5, 92:2, 119:138.+1:15Lit and cried out, saying.+1:15οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:15ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:15πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:16Lit from his fullness. ME (see translation and notes at Eph 3:19; Col 2:9; BDAG, 829, sv 3.b.; NAC [Jn], 123; Robertson, Word Pictures, Jn 1:16; Vincent, Word Studies, 2:57). The UBSHS claims that here πλήρωμα ( plērōma) “is used in a nontechnical sense and refers back to the phrase grace and truth in verse 14” ( UBSHS [Jn], 25, italics original). I disagree. The reference in v 15 to the Son’s pre-existence in the preceding verse makes the “fullness of divine nature” interpretation just as plausible as a limited reference to “grace and truth” in v 14. True, this is only place where the term is used in John’s gospel. Still, this idea was clearly a part of the authoritative body of apostolic teaching that was passed on from church to church, and wasn’t just a part of Paul’s theology (cf 1 Co 11:2, 15:1-3; Ga 1:18, 2:6; Php 2:6-11; 2 Th 2:15; 1 Ti 3:16). “Steadfast love/grace” and “truth/faithfulness” are, of course, an important part of God’s nature, but “fullness” by definition isn’t limited to those aspects.+1:16The LSGNT Notes mark ὅτι ( hoti) here as introducing an explanatory clause (see LSGNT Notes, Jn 1:16, sv).+1:16πάντες ( pantes) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been segmented with commas for extra focus.+1:16“Merciful” has been included in the translation to maintain the connection with “steadfast mercy” in vv 14 and 17.+1:16Or blessing. Lit grace. ME (see L-N, 57.103, 88.66; translation and note at “faithfulness” in v 14 above). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:16Or one gracious and merciful gift in return for another, or one gracious and merciful gift in place of another, or one gracious and merciful gift for another, or one gracious and merciful gift corresponding to another. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:16; UBSHS [Jn], 25). Cf Ex 33:13.+1:17ὁ νόμος ( ho nomos) here is a POD/topical frame (see BART Display and LDGNT).+1:17διὰ Μωϋσέως ( dia Mōuseōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit grace and truth. ME (see translation and note at v 14).+1:17διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ( dia Yēsou Christou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:17Lit have become, or have been done. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 26. “Shown” is the verb typically used in English translations with these concepts in the OT (see, eg, most English translations at Ex 20:6 and Dt 5:10).+1:18Or The matchless/unique/only God. Following the NET in translation here. For a brief discussion of some of the textual and translational questions involved here, see NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:18.+1:18Lit who is at the bosom of the Father. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 557, sv κόλπος 1; L-N, 34.18; NAC [Jn], 124). Cf NET.+1:19Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see BDAG, 478, sv Ἰουδαῖος, 2.e.β.; NAC [Jn], 126; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:19; UBSHS [Jn], 29; translation and notes at Ac 9:22). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:19Lit to ask, “Who are you?” Cf NIV.+1:20Moving the cataphoric reference/forward-pointing target (see BART Display and LDGNT) forward for the sake of clarity.+1:20Lit and he openly acknowledged, and did not deny but openly acknowledged. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Lit “What then?” ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:21Ἠλίας ( ēlias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Ml 4:5.+1:21Lit he.+1:21ὁ προφήτης ( ho prophētēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:21Cf Dt 18:15-18.+1:22ἀπόκρισιν ( apokrisin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so to allow this element to land in clause-final for primary focus and stress.+1:23Lit he.+1:23Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+1:23Is 40:3+1:24Lit were part of the Pharisees, or were from the Pharisees. ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 397, sv Φαρισαῖος; L-N, 11.49; NET Bible Notes, Jn 1:24).+1:25EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame (see LDGNT). In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62). The element of surprise is signaled in translation here with an EFE (“why in the world?”).+1:26VPR. See VCC (Mt 3:11).+1:26Or in. So throughout Jn 1.+1:27ὀπίσω μου ( opisō mou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this constituent.+1:28ἐν Βηθανίᾳ ( en bēthania) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:28IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:29Lit he.+1:29Or who is going to take away. Scholars are divided as to whether this statement is reflective of John the Baptist’s theology, or that of John himself. If the former is the situation, the cleansing is probably meant to be understood apocalyptically (for further discussion, see UBSHS [Jn], 36). John the Baptist’s messages in the other gospels are clearly apocalyptic in orientation (see Mt 3; Lk 3), and, since the Apostle John himself ascribes these words to John the Baptist, there is no reason to doubt that this is reflective of the John the Baptist’s own position. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+1:29Cf Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8-9; Re 17:14.+1:30οὗτος ( houtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:30ἔμπροσθέν μου ( emprosthen mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:30πρῶτός ( prōtos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31διὰ τοῦτο ( dia toutou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element (and to its left-dislocated referent).+1:31ἐν ὕδατι ( en hudati) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:31Cf CJB, TEV.+1:32Or from the sky.+1:33Or upon. When used with verbs of motion, ἐπί ( epi) (with its object in the accusative case, as here) functions as a marker of direction (see BDAG, 364, sv 4.b.; translation and note at “toward” in Mt 3:16).+1:34Both verbs in this verse are in the perfect tense. A stative verb and a present tense verb have been used in translation in an attempt to covey the ongoing results (at the time of the speaker) in English.+1:37Lit heard him speaking. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+1:38Cf NCV, TEV.+1:39IT. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:39παρ’ αὐτῷ ( par’ autō) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:39Lit The hour was about the tenth. ME(H). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT.+1:40Lit heard from John. ME. Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+1:40Lit and followed him.+1:41IT (see UBSHS [Jn], 44).+1:41Lit first. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV. τὸν ἀδελφὸν τὸν ἴδιον ( ton adelphon ton idion) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore πρῶτον ( prōton) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+1:41τὸν ἴδιον ( ton idion) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:41Cf NCV, TEV.+1:42Lit him.+1:42Κηφᾶς ( kēphas) (“Cephas” in many translations) is the Aramaic surname for Simon (see L-N, 93.211). Cf CJB.+1:42Lit which is translated Peter. ME/IT (see ESL, #4074; L-N, 93.296). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:43Lit he.+1:43IT (see L-N, 93.444).+1:43Lit follow me. ME(H) (see translation and notes at Mt 4:19).+1:45ὃν ἔγραψεν Μωϋσῆς ἐν τῷ νόμῳ καὶ οἱ προφῆται ( hon engrapsen Mōusēs en tō nomō kai hoi prophētai) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:45Cf Gn 3:15, 9:27, 12:1-3, 49:8-12; Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-44; Nu 24:15-19; Dt 15:15-18, 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+1:45Cf Is 4:2, 7:14, 9:1-7, 11:1-6, 24:21-25, 28:16, 30:19-26, 42:1-7, 49:1-6, 50:4-9, 52:13-53:12, 55:3-5, 61:1-3, 63:1-6; Jr 23:5-6, 30:9, 30:21, 33:14-16; Ezk 17:22-24, 21:25-27, 34:23-31, 37:15-28; Dn 7:13-14, 9:24-27; Ho 3:4-5; Jl 2:23; Am 9:11-15; Mic 2:12-13, 5:1-4; Hg 2:6-9, 2:21-23; Ac 3:8-10, 6:9-15, 9:9-10, 10:4, 11:4-14, 12:10, 13:7; Ml 3:1, 4:2.+1:46τι ἀγαθὸν ( ti agathon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+1:47ἀληθῶς ( alētōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47Lit in whom. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, and TEV at Jn 2:25; NIV and TEV at Jn 5:42.+1:47δόλος ( dolos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:47An allusion to Ps 32:2.+1:48πόθεν ( pothen) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:48EFE. This is a redundant quotative frame. In Greek, redundant quotative frames “draw attention to a surprising or important speech that follows” ( LDGNTG, sv redundant quotative frame; cf Runge, Disc Grammar, 145-62).+1:48Lit to him.+1:48πρὸ τοῦ σε Φίλιππον φωνῆσαι ( pro tou se Phillippon phōnēsai) and ὄντα ὑπὸ τὴν συκῆν ( onta hupo tēn sukēn) are in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverb have been used to give extra focus to these elements.+1:48See note at “it was” earlier in this verse.+1:48φωνῆσαι ( phōnēsai) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been translated such as to allow part of this element to land in clause-final for extra stress.+1:49Cf, eg, 2 Sa 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132.+1:49βασιλεὺς τοῦ Ἰσραήλ ( basileus tou Yisraēl) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50Ὅτι εἶπόν σοι ὅτι εἶδόν σε ὑποκάτω τῆς συκῆς ( hoti eipon soi hoti eidon se hupokatō tēs sukēs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb/downtoner (cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:50μείζω τούτων ( meizō toutōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+1:51IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+1:51“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here. Cf ISV, NET.+1:51Or the sky.+1:51An allusion to Gn 28:12.+1:51Cf Gn 28:12; Dn 7:13-14.+2:1Or two days later.+2:1γάμος ( gamos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+2:3οἶνον ( oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see translation and notes at Mt 8:29; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:4; UBSHS [Jn], 57). Cf HCSB, LEB, NIV.+2:4ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 15:28). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+2:4Lit hour.+2:5ὅ τι ἂν λέγῃ ὑμῖν ( ho ti an legē humin) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:6Lit according to the ritual purification/cleansing of the Jews. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit each holding two or three measures. ME(H) (see L-N, 81.22). Cf most English translations.+2:7Lit told them.+2:8Or to the head servant/steward.+2:9οἶνον ( oinon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:9Lit and didn’t know. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NET, NLT.+2:9οἱ διάκονοι ( hoi diakonoi) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. δὲ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end (cf NCV and TEV).+2:9Lit the man in charge of the banquet.+2:10πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ( pas anthrōpos) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:10Lit every man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 61).+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:10τὸν καλὸν οἶνον ( ton kalon oinon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:10Lit they. Cf NET, NIV.+2:10IT. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NASB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:10καλὸν ( kalon) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:11Ταύτην ἀρχὴν τῶν σημείων ( Tautēn archēn tōn sēmeiōn) is in a split-focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the preposed element has been left in clause-initial for extra focus, while ἐν Κανὰ τῆς Γαλιλαίας ( en Kana tēs Galialias) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to the split element.+2:11Or disclosed. Cf HCSB.+2:13IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:13ἐγγὺς ( engus) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:13Cf Ex 12:14; Dt 16:16.+2:14Lit found in the temple courts. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 298). Cf NLT.+2:14Or pigeons.+2:14IT. Cf NLT.+2:14IT (see L-N, 57.205; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:14). Cf ISV, NET, TEV.+2:15πάντας τά τε πρόβατα καὶ τοὺς βόας ( pantas ta te probata kai tous boas) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. The preposed element has also been segmented with commas for extra focus and emphasis.+2:15τῶν κολλυβιστῶν τὸ κέρμα ( tōn kollubistōn to kerma) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The phrase has been structured as to allow the split element to land in clause-final.+2:15τὰς τραπέζας ( tas trapezas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for primary stress.+2:16Or the pigeons. Cf Lv 5:7-11. Jesus’ anger toward this particular group may be related to them taking advantage of the poor. τὰς περιστερὰς ( tas peristeras) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17γεγραμμένον ( gegrammenon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:17Ps 69:9+2:18Lit the Jews. ME(H) (see note at Jn 1:19).+2:18ποιεῖς ( poieis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity; cf LDGNT), and therefore the phrase has been translated with the demonstrative pronoun directly preceding the information activated by ποιεῖς, to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:18Lit What sign can you show us that/since these things you do? ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 68). Cf JB.+2:20τεσσεράκοντα καὶ ἓξ ἔτεσιν ( tesserakonta kai hex etesin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:20ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις ( en trisin hēmerais) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a downtoner/adverb and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:21Lit That one. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+2:21Lit That one was speaking about the sanctuary of his body. The genitive here is functioning appositionally. This is reflected in the translation.+2:22τοῦτο ( touto) here is a topical frame/POD (see BART Display and LDGNT).+2:22“On a number of occasions” is drawn from the imperfect tense here. Cf UBSHS (Jn), 71.+2:22Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4.+2:22Lit and in the word that Jesus had said. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:22Following the lead of the NCV in using parentheses here.+2:23Lit that one.+2:23πολλοὶ ( polloi) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:24Lit because he was knowing all [of them]. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73; translation and notes at Jn 1:48). Note that, as in the case of the imperfect indicative in v 25, imperfective aspect is also encoded in the infinitive here. Vincent’s interpretation in v 25 would also have relevance here, therefore, since v 25 is giving strength and support to these statements (note the presence of γὰρ [ gar] in the final clause there). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT at v 25.+2:25Lit and he had no need that anyone should bear witness about the man. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf ISV, CJB, NCV, NLT.+2:25Lit For he himself knew what was in the man. ME (see Vincent, Word Studies, 2:88; UBSHS [Jn], 73). Cf CJB, NAB, NCV, NEB, NLT.