BHT with Full Translator’s NotesHebrews 7 =
7
“Jesus Is Precisely the Kind of High Priest We Need”
1 To strengthen my point, let us take a close look at+ this man “Melchizedek”—“king of Salem,” “priest of the Most High God,” who met Abraham as he was returning from “the defeat of the kings” and “blessed him,” 2 to whom Abraham apportioned, then,+ “a tithe of all the plunder.”+ To begin with, the name Melchizedek, in Hebrew, means “king of righteousness.”+ He is also called “king of Salem,” which means “king of peace.”+ 3 Independently of paternal descent,+ independently of maternal descent,+ independently of ancestral record,+ having neither a beginning of days nor of life an end,+ but portraying+ the Son of God, he continues in his priestly office+ without interruption.
4 Now notice just+ how great this man was—so great that even+ Abraham, the patriarch himself, gave him a tithe+ consisting of the choicest of all the spoils! 5 And whereas those descendants+ of Levi who receive the priesthood+ have the legal right+ to collect tithes from the people according to Torah, that is, from their fellow Israelites,+ even though they are also descendants of Abraham,+ 6 the priest+ whose descent was not traced from Levi+ collected a tithe from Abraham and invoked divine blessing upon the very+ man who had received the promises. 7 Now everyone knows that when one person blesses another, it is+ the more important of the two who invokes the divine blessing.+ 8 And while in the one case tithes are received by men who eventually die,+ in the case of Melchizedek+ a tithe is received+ by one about whom it is solemnly affirmed that he lives on. 9 In fact, one might even say+ that through Abraham the Levites,+ too, who receive tithes, themselves+ gave Melchizedek+ a tithe, 10 since the seed from which they would descend was there in Abraham’s body when Melchizedek met him.+
11 So what are we to conclude from these things?+ If full and final priestly consecration+ had in fact been attainable through the Levitical+ priesthood (since the people were on the basis of this priestly office+ given Torah+), why was there still need for there to come into office+ a priest of a different kind,+ appointed not in the order of Aaron, but in the order of Melchizedek? 12 If+ the priesthood is changed, you see, one is forced to conclude+ that there is a change, too,+ of Torah. 13 The priest about whom+ these things are spoken, you see, belongs to an entirely+ different tribe, a tribe+ from which no one has ever officiated at the altar. 14 Indeed, it is a well-known fact+ that Judah+ is the tribe from which our Lord descends, a tribe in reference to which, concerning priests coming+ from it, Moses didn’t say a thing. 15 And the matter+ becomes even+ clearer when we consider+ that it is+ in a way similar to Melchizedek+ that a different kind of priest comes into office, 16 one whose appointment is based not+ on a legal regulation pertaining to ancestral descent,+ but on the power of an indestructible life. 17 For it is solemnly declared:
“ˢYou are a priest, forever into the ages, in the order of Melchizedek.”+
18 There takes place, you see,+ on the one hand, an official cancellation+ of the previous regulation,+ because of its weakness and ineffectiveness+ 19 (Torah consecrated nothing fully and finally,+ you see), and the establishment, on the other, of a superior and more effective hope, by which we draw near to God. 20 And just as this hope has the weight and reliability of a divine+ oath+ (whereas descendants of Aaron+ are installed as priests, you see,+ without an oath from God,+ 21 Jesus’ installment+ was accompanied by a divine oath, when God said to him,+ “The LORD+ has sworn a solemn oath and will not go back on his word+: ‘ˢYou are a priest forever into the ages’ ”+), 22 with the same degree of reliability it is+ a superior and more effective covenant whose terms Jesus, as guarantor, is now responsible for seeing through to fulfillment.+ 23 And whereas the Aaronic priests occupy their office temporarily and in a long line of succession,+ since death+ prevents each of them from continuing in office,+ 24 Jesus,+ because he lives on forever into the ages, continues in his priestly role+ permanently and inviolably.+ 25 That is why he is able, too,+ to save fully and completely+ those who keep coming through him into the presence of God, because+ he lives on and on+ and so+ can continue to appeal to God on their behalf. 26 Indeed, Jesus is precisely+ the kind of high priest we need:+ Holy, innocent, undefiled, separate from sinners and exalted to even+ greater heights than the heavens,+ 27 who does not need day after day,+ as do the Aaronic+ high priests, first for the forgiveness+ of his own sins to offer up sacrifices,+ then for the forgiveness of those of the people to offer them up.+ This priest,+ you see, made sacrifice+ once and for all when he offered up himself.+ 28 Torah, you see, appoints as high priests mere+ men,+ who are so flawed and quick to breathe their last.+ The sworn oath,+ however, which came after Torah, appoints the Son, who has been fully and finally consecrated for priestly service forever into the very+ ages of the ages.
+1:1A contrast is implied in this context between v 1 and v 2 (cf CJB, ESV, LEB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV). “While” has thus been used in translation here to signal the contrast, and to signal that v 1 is setting the backdrop for the foreground information in verse 2.+1:1Πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως ( polumerōs kai polutropōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:1Or various times, or various portions, or little by little. Cf Jn 3:34.+1:1Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+1:2Or last.+1:3Translating the genitive attributively here. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:3Or word.+1:3Lit Having made/performed purification of sins. ME(OTB)/IT (see JFB, 2:441; LALS, sv καθαρισμός; UBSHS [Heb], 10; translation and notes at 2 Pt 1:9) See also Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” (PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20, 4:31, 6:7, 16:1-34; Nu 15:28; Jb 7:21.+1:3Lit of the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+1:4τοσούτῳ κρείττων τῶν ἀγγέλων ( tosoutō kreittōn tōn angelōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element within the ME (see following note). The preposed element has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:4Lit having becoming superior in rank to the angels. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 13).+1:4διαφορώτερον παρʼ αὐτοὺς ὄνομα ( diaphorōteron par’ autous onoma) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:4Or a name. Cf DuCL; UBSHS (Heb), 13.+1:5τῶν ἀγγέλων ( tōn anggelōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit he. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:5Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:5υἱός μου ( huios mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+1:5Ps 2:7+1:52 Sm 7:14+1:6Cf Ps 89:27; Col 1:15-18; Re 1:5.+1:6Dt 32:43 (LXX); cf Ps 97:7.+1:7τοὺς ἀγγέλους ( tous angelous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:7The Greek word used here can mean “wind,” “spirit,” or “breath.”+1:7Ps 104:4. Cf, eg, Jb 1-2; Ps 148:8; Ga 4:3, 9; Col 2:8, 20; Re 7:1, 14:18, 16:5.+1:8IT. Cf, eg, ISV, NET, NIV.+1:8ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ( hē rabdos tēs euthutētos) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:8Translating the genitive attributively here. Cf NET.+1:8The context of Ps 45:6 favors a futuristic interpretation of the implied copula here. Cf NCV, NIV.+1:8Lit that [will be] the scepter of. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 19). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:9Lit That is the reason why. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Ga 3:6; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit the God of you. ME(OTB)/IT. Covenantal connotations have been activated by “love” and “hate” in this context (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 20). Cf GeCL; TEV.+1:9Ps 45:6-7+1:10σὺ κύριε ( su kurie) is in P2, with κύριε split from σὺ (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού ( erga tōn cheirōn sou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:11ὡς ἱμάτιον ( hōs himation) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12Or roll them up.+1:12ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ( hōs peribolaion) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12ὁ αὐτὸς ( ho autous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12Ps 102:25-27+1:13Lit he.+1:13Ps 110:1+1:14IT. Cf NCV.+1:14Or winds.+1:14Cf NRSV, TEV; TNT in ESS (Heb), 39.+1:14Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 230, sv διακονία 1). εἰς διακονίαν ( eis diakonian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:14διά ( dia) here is interpreted as a marker of benefaction (see, eg, L-N, 90.38). This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, NCV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:1περισσοτέρως ( perissoterōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:1Or have learned, or have heard. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:2Or word, or teaching. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 28). Cf Knox, TNT.+2:2διʼ ἀγγέλων ( di’ anggelōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:2Cf, eg, Ac 7:53.+2:2Following the lead of the JB and TNT in translation here (see UBSHS [Heb], 28).+2:3ἡμεῖς ( ēmeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:3For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.β-δ.+2:3IT. Cf NCV.+2:3The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+2:3τηλικαύτης σωτηρίας ( tēlikautēs sōtērias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb (warranted also on lexical grounds; see, eg, L-N, 78.36) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:3Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+2:3Lit which a beginning having received to be spoken through the Lord. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 27-9). Cf NET. The argument here is a from-lesser-to-greater argument. Cf, eg, Jn 7:16-17, 8:28, 12:49, 14:10, 14:24.+2:3IT (see L-N, 28.44). Cf NCV, TEV.+2:3ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων ( hupo tōn akousantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:4πνεύματος ἁγίου ( pneumatos hagiou) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Cf NCV, TEV.+2:5ἀγγέλοις ( angelous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:5Lit he.+2:5See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. The same applies here. Cf NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit But someone solemnly testifies somewhere. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 33). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:7παρʼ ἀγγέλους ( par’ angelous) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:7IT. An adversative relationship between this clause and the preceding clause is implied here. Cf ISV.+2:7See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. Cf also 1 Co 2:7.+2:7Lit crowned him.+2:7δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ( doxē kai timē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:7Cf Jn 17:22-24; Rm 8:28-30; 1 Co 2:7.+2:8The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here (from the vantage point of the speaker).+2:8πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:8Ps 8:5-7 (LXX)+2:8The article here (lit For in the to subject to him all things) is pointing us back to the quotation in v 8. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:8Cf NLT; UBSHS (Heb), 35.+2:8Lit he left nothing unsubjected to him. ME (see BDAG, 91, sv ἀνυπότακτος 1; UBSHS [Rm], 36).+2:8Lit to him.+2:8πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα ( panta hupotetagmena) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:9Lit we see. ME (see Heb 12:1-3). Cf UBSHS (Heb), 37.+2:9βραχύ τι ( Brachu ti) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:9διὰ τὸ πάθημα τοῦ θανάτου ( dia to pathēma tou thanatou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:9Lit because of the suffering of death. ME (see BDAG, 747, sv πάθημα 1). Cf TEV.+2:9The purpose clause here is logically connected to “made lower” (see UBSHS [Heb], 37-8), and therefore “made lower than the angels for a short time” has been restated in translation here for the sake of clarity. Cf TEV.+2:9Cf Is 53:9. ὑπὲρ παντὸς ( huper pantos) and χάριτι θεοῦ ( chariti theou) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that χάριτι θεοῦ is marked for focal ambiguity in the BART Display), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to χάριτι θεοῦ, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to ὑπὲρ παντὸς.+2:9Or for the sake of.+2:9Cf Is 53.+2:10Lit It was proper/appropriate/fitting for him.+2:10The participle here is interpreted as an adverbial participle of purpose. This is reflected in the translation. Cf TEV.+2:10εἰς δόξαν ( eis doxan) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10πολλοὺς υἱοὺς ( pollous huious) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:10διὰ παθημάτων ( dia pathēmatōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10In this context, τελειόω ( teleiō) is referring to consecration and appointment for priestly service (see BDAG, 996, sv τελειόω 3; NBC, 1327; UBSHS [Heb], 39). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ex 29:9-35; Lv 8:33, 16:32, 21:10; Nu 3:3. Cf also Jn 17:17-19. The connotations of perfection, completeness, and ultimacy activated by this cognate family, however, are also relevant here within the overall context of Hebrews, in which a telic argument is sustained throughout on behalf of the perfection of the priesly service/cult renered by Jesus. Hence the inclusion of “perfect” here and throughout the translation of Hebrews.+2:10Or author, or leader, or founder, or source.+2:10τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας ( ton archēgon tēs sōtērias) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:11Lit who sanctifies. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:11ἐξ ἑνὸς ( ex henos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+2:11Or the same Father, or the same man, or the same origin. Lit from one thing, or from one man/person/being. Cf NJB, REB in ESS (Heb), 66.+2:11Lit he. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:11ἀδελφοὺς ( adelphous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:11Lit brothers and sisters, saying.+2:12ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ( en mesō ekklēsias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:12Lit sing in praise of you. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 43). Cf TEV.+2:12Ps 22:22+2:13Is 8:13-18 was interpreted Messianically in the early church (see NAC [Heb], 218). Accordingly, Is 8:17 is referring to the Messiah, and v 18 is referring to the Messiah with his children (ie, his disciples; see the following note). Following the lead of the NLT in translation here, so that the connection between the Messiah and his disciples is clear.+2:13Lit children. ME (see L-N, 9.46, 36.39). Cf Is 8:16.+2:13Translating in a way similar to how I’ve translated at Jn 6:37 (see translation and notes there).+2:13Is 8:17-18+2:14Lit share in flesh and blood. ME(OTB/I/F) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50; Php 2:7; Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+2:14παραπλησίως ( paraplēsiōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:14κράτος τοῦ θανάτου ( kratos tou thanatou) is in an embedded split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and an adjective (warranted also on lexical grounds; see, eg, LEH LXX Lex, sv κράτος) have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:14Lit who holds the power/might/control of death. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 45; translation and notes at Re 9:3). Cf Gn 3; Mt 6:13, 26:41; 1 Co 10:13; 2 Co 2:11, 11:3.+2:15ἔνοχοι δουλείας ( enochoi douleias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the split element.+2:15Cf, eg, Ps 3:5, 4:8, 6:5, 9:13, 13:3, 16:10, 18:4-5, 22:15, 30:3, 30:9, 33:19; 49:14-15, 68:20, 86:13, 88:3, 89:48, 116:3, 118:17-18, 139:8+2:16ἀγγέλων ( angelōn) and σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ ( spermatos Abraam) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and constitute a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to these elements, with the verb in the counterpoint left implicit in translation (cf NCV, NIV). γὰρ ( gar) and δήπου ( dēpou) have also been used as spacers to give these elements extra focus.+2:16Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 223, sv δήπου).+2:16Lit he. Cf NCV.+2:17κατὰ πάντα ( kata panta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:17Or faithful, or reliable.+2:17ἐλεήμων καὶ πιστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς ( eleēmōn kai pistos archiereus) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:17Lit to make propitiation for/expiate the sins of the people. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Lk 18:13, Rm 3:25, and 1 Jn 2:2).+2:18Lit he.+2:18πειρασθείς ( peirastheis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:18The perfect tense here signals ongoing relevance at the time of the speaker. I’ve tried to bring this out in translation.+2:18τοῖς πειραζομένοις ( tois peirazomenois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:1Cf v 2:11.+3:1κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου ( klēseōs epouraniou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:1Or calling, or invitation.+3:1Cf Heb 1:9.+3:2πιστὸν τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτὸν ( piston tō poiēsanti auton) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has also been used to give extra focus and stress to the preposed element.+3:2Or reliable, or faithful, or loyal.+3:2Lit faithful to the one who appointed him. ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:2καὶ Μωϋσῆς ( kai Mōusēs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:2ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf TEV.+3:2Lit his.+3:2Nu 12:7+3:3Lit This one. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+3:3πλείονος δόξης παρὰ Μωϋσῆν ( pleionos doxēs para Mōusēn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. An adverb has also been used to give extra focus to the preposed constituent.+3:3ὁ κατασκευάσας αὐτόν ( ho kataskeuasas auton) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:3πλείονα τιμὴν ( pleinona timēn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:3Lit just as the builder of it has greater honor than the house.+3:4Lit Every house is built by someone. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:4Πάντα ( panta) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:5Nu 12:7+3:5IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+3:5Cf HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+3:6IT. Cf most English translations.+3:6Lit his. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:6Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 533, sv κατέχω 2.b.). Cf NCV, TEV. In this context, κατέχω ( katechō) means the same thing as it means at v 14, where it is used with βεβαίαν ( bebaian). κατάσχωμεν ( kataschōmen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:6The genitive here is interpreted as an objective genitive. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NET, NIV, TEV.+3:7Or his summons, or his call. In the original context, the people are being compared to sheep. Cf Jn 10. τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:8Lit according to the day. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+3:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:10Or although they had seen my deeds for forty years. See UBSHS (Heb), 62.+3:10Lit They are always going astray in their hearts. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:10Lit have not known. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:11ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+3:11Ps 95:7-11+3:12Lit lest there be in someone of you an evil heart of unbelief/unfaithfulness in forsaking the living God. ME(OTB/H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [Heb], 59, 64). ἐν ( en) here is interpreted as a marker of result (see, eg, L-N, 89.48). This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, NLT, NET, TEV.+3:13For the range of meaning possible with παρακαλέω ( parakaleō), see translation and note at 2 Co 1:4.+3:13τὸ σήμερον ( to sēmeron) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:13IT. Cf NLT.+3:14μέτοχοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ ( metochoi tou Christou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:14The perfect tense here is signaling a past action with ongoing effects, and in this context is also functioning proleptically (see UBSHS [Heb], 66). Hence the rendering here.+3:14μέχρι τέλους ( mechri telous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:15τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:15Ps 95:7-8+3:16Lit all who came out of Egypt by Moses. ME. Cf NET.+3:16Cf 1 Co 10; Jud 5.+3:17Lit he.+3:17IT (see Miller and Guthrie in ESS [Heb], 115). A result is clearly implied her from the original story (see, eg, Nu 14:27-29).+3:17Lit whose bodies fell. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 1.b.α.א; L-N, 20.60, 23.105). A violent death is implied here.+3:17Cf Nu 14:22-29, 26:65; 2 Co 10; Jud 1:5.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit were not able. ME. Cf NCV. This is clearly the meaning here.+4:1Or since. The participle here is either temporal (cf, eg, ISV, NET) or causal (cf, eg, NCV, NIV).+4:1Lit remains. ME (see BDAG, 521, καταλείπω 4). Cf NET, NRSV.+4:1Cf NLT.+4:1Or lest any of you ever seem.+4:1Lit let us fear, lest perhaps/ever any of you should appear/be judged to have failed. ME (see BDAG, 1043, sv ὑστερέω 1; UBSHS [Heb], 73). Cf NLT, NIV, RSV, TEV.+4:2Lit We also are gospeled. ME. Cf TEV.+4:2The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+4:2Lit they were not united with those who heard it in faith. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 74). Cf Nu 14:6-9, 24-30. Since the quotation that follows in verse 3 doesn’t pertain directly to “those who obeyed,” but to those whom the message “didn’t help,” a semicolon has been used in translation here. Cf HCSB.+4:3οἱ πιστεύσαντες ( hoi pisteusantes) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:3Lit he.+4:3Ps 95:11+4:3IT. Cf TEV.+4:3ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου ( apo katabolēs kosmou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:4IT. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:4Lit For he has spoken somewhere about the seventh day thus. ME.+4:4Gn 2:2+4:5Lit And again in this place. ME. Cf NET.+4:6Cf REB in ESS (Heb), 127.+4:6Cf NRSV.+4:6τινὰς ( tinas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:6Lit enter it.+4:6πρότερον ( proteron) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:6IT.+4:7Lit he.+4:7τινὰ ἡμέραν ( tina hēmeran) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:7Cf TEV.+4:7ἐν Δαυὶδ ( en David) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore καθὼς προείρηται ( kathos proeirētai) has been used as a spacer (following the NLT in translation here) to give this element extra focus.+4:7τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:8Ἰησοῦς ( Yēsous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as spacer to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:8Lit If them Joshua had caused to have rest. ME(OTB) (see, eg, Dt 1:38, 12:10; Jsh 1:6). Cf NCV, TEV.+4:8Lit after these things. ME/IT.+4:8περὶ ἄλλης ἡμέρας ( peris allēs hēmeras) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the preposed element.+4:9Cf NRSV at v 6.+4:10A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+4:10Lit his.+4:10Lit he.+4:10καὶ αὐτὸς ( kai autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:10The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here. Cf TEV.+4:11Or fail. Lit fall. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 2; L-N, 20-60). Cf 3:17 above.+4:11ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι τῆς ἀπειθείας ( en tō auto hupodeigmati tēs apeitheias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adverb/spacer has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:11Lit by the same example of disobedience. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:12Ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργὴς καὶ τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον καὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν, καὶ κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας ( zōn kai energēs kai tomōteros huper pasan machairan distomon kai diiknoumenous achri merismou puschēs kai pneumatos, harmōn te kai muelōs, kai kritikos enthmēseōn kai ennoiōn kardias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), an therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:12Lit joints. Cf GeCL; NCV.+4:12Lit penetrating as far as the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow. ME (see BDAG, 633, sv μερισμός 1.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 84).+4:12Lit of the heart. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mk 3:5; L-N, 26.3).+4:13Lit his.+4:13Lit naked. ME. Cf NIV.+4:15Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:16Cf Lv 16:1-3.+4:16Lit for timely help. ME. Cf most English translations.+4:16Lit grace. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). Cf, eg, Mt 26:41; 2 Co 12:9. Including “gracious” here to maintain the connection with “throne of grace.” χάριν ( charin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:1The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ASV; Alford et al in ESS (Heb), 151.+5:1ἐξ ἀνθρώπων ( ex anthrōpōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:1Cf TEV.+5:1ὑπὲρ ἀνθρώπων ( huper anthrōpōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:1Lit on behalf of. ME. Cf NIV; NAB and REB in ESS (Heb), 150.+5:1Lit for the sake of sins. ME/IT (see BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.).+5:2Lit those who are ignorant and going astray. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 12, sv ἀγνοέω 4; UBSHS [Heb], 95). Cf Nu 15:27-31. The phrase here is interpreted as a hendiadys (the expression of a unified concept using coordination). This is reflected in the translation.+5:2Cf NET; L-N, 99.65. Cf also Heb 2:17. μετριοπαθεῖν ( metriopathein) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the key idea activated by this element has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:2καὶ αὐτὸς ( kai autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun (also warranted on lexical grounds; see, eg, L-N, 92.37) has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+5:3Lit because of it [with weakness as the antecedent]. ME. Cf TEV.+5:3Lit he. Cf NCV.+5:3IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV TEV.+5:3Cf HCSB.+5:3ME/IT (see BDAG, sv περί 1.g.).+5:3καὶ περὶ αὐτοῦ ( kai peri autou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ ( kai) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:3Cf Lv 16.+5:4ἑαυτῷ ( heautō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:4Lit the honor. ME (see BDAG, 1005, sv τιμή 2.d.; UBSHS [Heb], 96).+5:4Lit but being called. ME (see BDAG, 503, sv καλέω 4).+5:5ἑαυτὸν ( heauton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to allow this element to land in clause-final for extra focus (lit did not honor/glorify himself to become high priest; cf TEV). Italics have also been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:5ὁ λαλήσας πρὸς αὐτόν ( ho lalēsas pros auton) is in E-O, as part of a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf ISV.+5:5Lit But [the one who bestowed the honor upon him is] the one who said to him. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NET, NIV.+5:5υἱός μου ( huios mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+5:5Ps 2:7+5:6Lit just as he says. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:6καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ ( kai en heterō) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+5:6Ps 110:4+5:7Lit who.+5:7Lit in the days of his flesh. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50, Php 2:7, and Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+5:7δεήσεις τε καὶ ἱκετηρίας πρὸς τὸν δυνάμενον σῴζειν αὐτὸν ἐκ θανάτου μετὰ κραυγῆς ἰσχυρᾶς καὶ δακρύων ( deēseis te kai hiketērias pros ton dunamenon sōzein auton ek thanatou meta kraugēs ischuras kai dakruōn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to this element.+5:7Lit been heard. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 9:31; UBSHS [Heb], 99).+5:7Cf NIV, NRSV, TEV; NEB in UBSHS (Heb), 99.+5:8Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:8τὴν ὑπακοήν ( tēn hupakoēn) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:9αἴτιος σωτηρίας αἰωνίου ( aitios sōtērias aiōniou) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+5:9αἰώνιος ( aiōnios) (typically rendered “eternal”) is built on its cognate αἰών ( aiōn), “age” (see, eg, NASB-Dic, #166). Cf, eg, Ga 1:5.+5:11Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, and/or where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Here the relationship between the coordinated elements seems to be disjunctive in nature. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:11πολὺς καὶ δυσερμήνευτος λέγειν ( polus kai dusermēneutos legein) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a dummy subject, an adverb, and a comma have been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:11Lit Concerning which the word to us is much. ME. Cf NET, ISV, NLT, TEV.+5:11νωθροὶ ταῖς ἀκοαῖς ( nōthroi tais akoais) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+5:11Lit since you have become lazy in the hearing. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Heb 5:11, νωθρός L-N, 32.47; UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός).+5:12The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of concession. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+5:12Lit again you have need for someone to teach you the elements/rudiments of the beginning of the oracles of God. ME (see ANLEX, 357, sv στοιχεῖον 2.a.; BDAG, 946, sv στοιχεῖον 1.c.; L-N, 58.19, 58.20). Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+5:12Lit you have become having need of milk, not solid food. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+5:13Lit Everyone partaking of milk. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 105).+5:13νήπιος ( nēpios) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+5:13Or word, or message.+5:13The genitive is interpreted as an objective genitive. This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV.+5:13Following the structuring of the CJB and TEV in translation here.+5:14τελείων ( teleiōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress. δέ ( de) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+5:14IT. Some sort of purpose or verbal information (“fed,” “given,” “intended,” etc) is compressed in the genitive here.+5:14τὰ αἰσθητήρια γεγυμνασμένα ( ta aisthētēria gegumasmena) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore διὰ τὴν ἕξιν ( dia tēn hexin) (which is itself marked for focal ambiguity in the BART Display), has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. An adverb and a comma have also been used to the same end.+6:1The NET captures the intended meaning well here, in my opinion, and has therefore been followed in translation.+6:1τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ ( tēs arches tou Christou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:1ἐπὶ τὴν τελειότητα ( epi tēn teleiotēta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+6:1θεμέλιον μετανοίας ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων καὶ πίστεως ἐπὶ θεόν, βαπτισμῶν διδαχῆς ἐπιθέσεώς τε χειρῶν, ἀναστάσεώς τε νεκρῶν καὶ κρίματος αἰωνίου ( themelion metanoias apo nekrōn ergon kai pisteōs epi theon, baptismōn didachēs epitheseōs te cheirōn, anastaseōs te nekrōn kai krimatos aiōniou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore italics and a colon have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element. The genitive here is either a genitive of content or appositional. This, too, is signaled in translation by means of the colon (cf NET, NRSV).+6:1Or from useless acts. Lit from dead works/acts. ME (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NIV, TNT.+6:2βαπτισμῶν ( baptismōn) is in an embedded focal position is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:2ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Ac 6:6 and 1 Ti 4:14; UBSHS [1 Ti], 105).+6:2This is a more literal rendering of αἰωνίου ( aiōniou) (see UBSHS [Jn], 88). Cf the translation at Mt 25:46.+6:4Lit tasted. ME (see BDAG, 195, sv γεύομαι; L-N, 90.78).+6:4μετόχους πνεύματος ἁγίου ( metochous pneumatos hagiou) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore inversion and an intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:5καλὸν θεοῦ ῥῆμα ( kalon theou rhema) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDNT), and therefore inversion and an emphatic adjective have been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:5Lit tasted. ME (see BDAG, 195, sv γεύομαι; L-N, 90.78).+6:5Because of the device used to give extra focus to the focal element in this verse (see note at “very” above), the verb has been restated in translation here.+6:6Or act unfaithfully, or commit apostasy. Lit fall away. ME(OTB) (see DBL Hebrew, #5085; LALS, sv παραπίπτω; TWOT, 519, sv māʿal). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ezk 14:13, 15:8, 18:24, and 20:27.+6:6The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NET, NIV, NKJV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+6:6Or since they are crucifying to their own harm, or since they are crucifying in their own persons. Lit crucifying in/by/to themselves. Cf JB in UBSHS (Heb), 116. I disagree with the UBSHS’s statement that “it seems to go without saying that such a personal act would be ‘willful’” (see UBSHS [Heb], 116). The distinction between “high-handed” sins and unintentional sins is a critical issue within atonement theology (see, eg, Nu 15:27-31).+6:6Cf Ac 5:5; Re 2:21-23.+6:7ἐπʼ αὐτῆς ἐρχόμενον πολλάκις ( ep’ autēs erchomenon pollakis) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+6:7Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis, and/or where some sort of hypotactic relationship is implied (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Here result is implied. Cf Miller in ESS (Heb), 192.+6:8The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf, ESV, HCSV, ISV, LEB, NASB, NET, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+6:8Cf ISV, NIV.+6:9Lit the better things and having salvation. ME (see BDAG, 422, sv ἔχω 11.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 120). Cf Mfft. The article here seems to be pointing us back to verse 7 (cf Alford in ESS [Heb], 196).+6:10ἄδικος ( adikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+6:10εἰς ( eis) here is interpreted as a marker of benefaction (see, eg, L-N, 90.41). This is reflected in the translation. Cf NRSV, RSV.+6:10Lit the holy ones/saints.+6:11τὴν αὐτὴν σπουδὴν ( tēn autēn spoudēn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and a comma have been used to give this element extra focus.+6:11Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 939 sv σπουδη 2). Cf the translation at 2 Co 7:11.+6:11Lit with, toward, or with a view to. Cf BDAG, sv πρός 3.c.+6:11IT (see L-N, 31.45).+6:11Lit toward/with a view to the full conviction/certainty of hope. ME (see L-N, 31.45; translation and notes at Col 2:2 and at Heb 3:6 and 3:14).+6:11The meaning here is similar to Heb 3:6 and 3:14.+6:12Cf ISV.+6:12νωθροὶ ( nōthroi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:12Lit lazy. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός). Maintaining consistency in translation with 5:11.+6:12Lit become imitators. ME. Cf NCV.+6:12διὰ πίστεως καὶ μακροθυμίας ( dia pisteōs kai makrothumias) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+6:13Τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ( tō Abraam) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+6:13μείζονος ( meizonos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+6:13Lit since he had by no one greater to swear an oath. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:13Gn 22:16. Lit swore an oath by himself. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 125). Cf NLT, TEV; NET and TEV at Gn 22:16.+6:14ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+6:14Gn 22:17. Lit blessing I will bless you and multiplying I will multiply you. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Heb 6:14). Cf NET, NLT.+6:15μακροθυμήσας ( makrothumēsa) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:15The participle here is interpreted as an adverbial participle of means (cf v 12). This is reflected in the translation. Cf LEB, NET.+6:15Lit he.+6:16κατὰ τοῦ μείζονος ( kata tou meizonos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:16πάσης ἀντιλογίας πέρας ( pasēs antilogias peras) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore adjectives have been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:16Lit Men swear by the greater, and for them the oath is for confirmation an end of all argument. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125-7; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:17Cf LEB, NASB, ISV, NET, NRSV.+6:17περισσότερον ( perissoteron) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+6:17Lit wanting more abundantly to demonstrate the unchangeableness of his plan. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 128). Cf NLT, TEV.+6:17Lit mediated by an oath. ME/IT (see L-N, 31.21; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:18Lit by two unchangeable matters/things in which it is impossible for God to lie. ME/IT (see BDAG, 859, sv πρᾶγμα 1; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:18ἰσχυρὰν παράκλησιν ( ischuran paraklēsin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+6:18For the range of meaning possible with παράκλησις ( paraklēsis), see translation and note at 2 Co 1:4.+6:19Lit which. Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+6:19ὡς ἄγκυραν τῆς ψυχῆς ( hōs ankuran tēs psuchēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+6:19Lit and entering into the inner of the curtain. ME(OTB/IT) (see BDAG, 294, sv εἰσέρχομαι 3; Ibid, 398, sv ἐσώτερος). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+6:20πρόδρομος ( prodromos) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (with the help of a dummy subject).+6:20Ps 110:4. κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἀρχιερεὺς ( kata tēn taxin Melchisedek archiereus) is in P2, with κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ in an embedded focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+7:1Lit For this Melchizedek. EFE/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136). In Greek, γὰρ ( gar) is marked for continuity and strengthening/support (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 51-54).+7:2δεκάτην ἀπὸ πάντων ( dekatēn apo pantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a spacer (drawn from the implied sequence of the events involved; see Gn 14:20) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+7:2These phrases come from Gn 14:17-20.+7:2Lit first, being translated “king of righteousness.” ME(OTB)/IT (see ANLEX, 257, sv Μελχισέδεκ).+7:2Lit and then also “king of peace.” ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136).+7:3Lit without father. ME (see ANLEX, 62, sv ἀπάτωρ).+7:3Lit without mother. ME (see ANLEX, 46, sv ἀμήτωρ).+7:3Lit without genealogy. ME (see ANLEX, 31, sv ἀγενεαλόγητος).+7:3μήτε ἀρχὴν ἡμερῶν μήτε ζωῆς τέλος ( mē archēn hēmerōn mēte zōēs telos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT). Inversion has been used to give extra focus to ζωῆς τέλος, and to bring out the chiasmus in translation.+7:3Or resembling, or being like. Drawing from ANLEX in translation here (see ANLEX, 84, sv ἀφομοιόω).+7:3Lit he continues as priest.+7:4πηλίκος ( pēlikos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:4Ἀβραὰμ ὁ πατριάρχης ( Abraam ho patriarchēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb and an intensive pronoun have been used to give extra focus to this element. Cf ISV.+7:4It is possible that δεκάτην ( dekatēn) is a POD/Topical Frame (although Dr. Levinsohn favors it as such, the element is marked for focal ambiguity in the BART Display).+7:5Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 10.30). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+7:5τὴν ἱερατείαν ( tēn yerateian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:5Lit have a command. ME (see BDAG, 340, sv ἐντολή 2.α.ג.). ἐντολὴν ( entolēn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME.+7:5Lit that is, their brothers. ME (see BSL, Heb 7:5, sv ἀδελφός; L-N, 11.25). Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+7:5Lit although they come from the loins of Abraham. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.60). Cf ISV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:6Lit the one.+7:6Lit from them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:6τὸν ἔχοντα τὰς ἐπαγγελίας ( tas echonta tas epangelias) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:7ὑπὸ τοῦ κρείττονος ( hupo tou kreittonos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:7Lit Now it is beyond all argument that the inferior is blessed by the superior. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 141). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:8δεκάτας ( dekatas) is a POD/topical frame, and ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἄνθρωποι ( apothnēskontes anthrōpoi) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a passive construction has been used in translation here, to allow δεκάτας to remain toward the beginning of the clause, and to allow ἀποθνῄσκοντες ἄνθρωποι to land in clause-final.+7:8Lit in the other. ME.+7:8IT. Cf TEV.+7:9Lit And as to speak a word. ME (see L-N, 33.139; UBSHS [Heb], 142). Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV.+7:9Lit Levi. Here, Levi is being used metonymically for his descendants. Cf NLT.+7:9καὶ Λευὶ ὁ δεκάτας λαμβάνων ( kai Levi ho dekatas lambanōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give this element extra focus. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+7:9IT. Cf NCV, NLT.+7:10Lit for he was still in the loins of his father when Melchizedek met him. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 8.43; UBSHS [Heb], 143). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:11In Greek, the particle οὖν ( oun) signals both continuity with what precedes and a new development, and can operate on various levels and boundaries of the discourse (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 43-8). Here it is interpreted as functioning at a higher boundary of the discourse. This is reflected in the translation.+7:11Lit perfection, or completion, or fulfillment of purpose. Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:11διὰ τῆς Λευιτικῆς ἱερωσύνης ( dia tēs Leuitikēs yerōsunēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with Λευιτικῆς ( Leuitikēs) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). The embedded element has been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:11Lit on the basis of it. The antecedent has been restated in translation for the sake of clarity.+7:11νενομοθέτηται ( nenomothetētai) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+7:11Lit to arise. ME (see BDAG, 83, sv ἀνίστημι, 9).+7:11κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ ἕτερον ἱερέα ( tēn taxin Melchisedek eteron yerea) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), with κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Μελχισέδεκ in an embedded focal position (see BART Display). κατὰ τὴν τάξιν Ἀαρὼν ( kata tēn taxin Aarōn) is also in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT). These elements also constitute a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT). The clause has therefore been structured so as to give extra focus to these elements.+7:12Or when. The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf, eg, CJB, NLT, Alford et al in ESS (Heb), 237. A temporal interpretation is also possible (cf, eg, HCSB, NET, NIV). The meaning is essentially the same either way.+7:12In this context, ἀνάγκη ( anankē) is signaling logical necessity (see BDAG, 61, sv ἀνάγκη 1; UBSHS [Heb], 146).+7:12καὶ νόμου μετάθεσις ( kai nomou metathesis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with νόμου ( nomou) in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. A dummy subject has also been used to the same end.+7:13Lit Concerning whom.+7:13φυλῆς ἑτέρας ( phulēs hetera) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+7:13Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+7:14Cf CJB, TEV.+7:14ἐξ Ἰούδα ( ex Youda) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore the clause has been structured so as to give extra focus to this element.+7:14IT. Cf ISV.+7:15Cf L-N, 32.20; TEV.+7:15περισσότερον ἔτι κατάδηλόν ( perissoteron eti katadēlon) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:15Lit if. Cf NCV. The meaning here is that clarity comes from the consideration of a premise.+7:15κατὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα Μελχισέδεκ ( kata tēn homoiotēta Melchisedek) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:15Lit according to the likeness of Melchizedek. ME (see BDAG, 707, sv ὁμοιότης).+7:16κατὰ νόμον ἐντολῆς σαρκίνης ( kata nomon entolēs sarkinēs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and κατὰ δύναμιν ζωῆς ἀκαταλύτου ( kata dunamin zōēs akatalutou) in E-O (see LDGNT). Together these two elements constitute a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT). Therefore, the negative particle has been placed directly before the counterpoint to give extra focus to these elements.+7:16Lit not according to a law of fleshly commandment. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 149). Cf HCSB, ISV, LEB, NASB, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV.+7:17Ps 110:4+7:18ἀθέτησις προαγούσης ἐντολῆς ( athetēsis proagousēs entolēs) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) and μὲν ( men) have been used as spacers to give extra focus to this element. A dummy subject has also been used to the same end.+7:18Drawing from BSL in the translation of ἀθέτησις ( athetēsis) here (see BSL, Heb 7:18, sv).+7:18Maintaining consistency in translation with v 16.+7:18Cf CJB; NRSV.+7:19Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:20Lit And inasmuch as it was not without oath-taking. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Heb 6:13-17; BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος). The use of ἔγγυος ( enguos) in v 22 (where the correlative picks up) makes the intended meaning clear here.+7:20Lit they. Cf NLT.+7:20χωρὶς ὁρκωμοσίας ( choris horkōmosias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and ἱερεῖς ( yereis) in an embedded P2 position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to these elements.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:21Lit he. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:21Lit through the one who said to him. ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+7:21Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+7:21Lit will not change his mind. ME. Cf NLT, TEV; TNT and REB in ESS (Heb), 251.+7:21Ps 110:4+7:22κρείττονος διαθήκης ἔγγυος ( kreittonos diathēkēs enguos) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:22Lit Jesus has become the guarantor of a better/superior/more effective covenant. ME(H) (see BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος; UBSHS [Heb], 154).+7:23πλείονές ἱερεῖς ( pleiones yereis) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). πλείονές ( pleiones) has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress (within the ME; see note at “in office” below).+7:23θανάτῳ ( thanatō) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+7:23Lit And they are become many priests because of the to be prevented to continue by death. ME (see BDAG, 769, sv παραμένω 2; Bloomfield et al in ESS [Heb], 253; UBSHS [Heb], 156).+7:24Lit he.+7:24Lit has the priesthood. ME. Cf NCV.+7:24ἀπαράβατον τὴν ἱερωσύνην ( aparabaton tēn yerōsunēn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). The preposed element has been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+7:25σῴζειν εἰς τὸ παντελὲς ( sōzein eis to panteles) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ ( kai) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. Repetition has also been used to give extra focus and emphasis to εἰς τὸ παντελὲς.+7:25Or save for all time.+7:25The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NET, NIV, NKJV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+7:25Lit lives always. ME (see vv 23-24). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV. Vv 23-24 make it clear that “lives always” here means to go on living without interruption because of death. πάντοτε ( pantote) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore repetition has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME.+7:25It is sometimes difficult to tell whether an infinitive phrase is signaling purpose or result. Though both make good sense in this context, vv 23-24 cause me to lean in the direction of result. This interpretation is reflected in the translation.+7:26Τοιοῦτος ἀρχιερεύς ( Toioutos archiereus) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:26Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+7:26ὑψηλότερος τῶν οὐρανῶν ( hupsēlteros tōn ouranōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+7:26Lit and having become higher than the heavens. ME (see BDAG, 1044, sv ὑψηλός 1).+7:27καθʼ ἡμέραν ( kath’ hēmeran) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore repetition has been used to give this element extra focus and stress. Cf NRSV, NIV.+7:27IT.+7:27ME (OTB)/IT (see translation and note at Heb 1:3; BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20-26.+7:27πρότερον ὑπὲρ τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτιῶν θυσίας ( proteron huper tōn idiōn hamartiōn thusias) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), with ὑπὲρ τῶν ἰδίων ἁμαρτιῶν in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+7:27The verbal information is implied here from the preceding clause.+7:27Lit This one.+7:27Lit did [this].+7:27ἑαυτὸν ( heauton) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+7:28ME(OTB)/IT. See note at Mt 19:26.+7:28ἀνθρώπους ἔχοντας ἀσθένειαν ( anthrōpous echontas astheneian) is in a split focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress. A comma and adverbs (see note at Mt 19:26.) have also been used to give to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+7:28Lit who have weakness. ME (see BDAG, 142, sv ἀσθένεια 2.b.; ESS [Heb], 261; UBSHS [Heb], 161). The context indicates that both moral weakness (see v 27) and mortality (see vv 23-24) are included within the scope of “weakness” here.+7:28Lit The word of the oath.+7:28εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα ( eis ton aiōna) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective and repetition have been used to give extra focus to this element.
=