4
“Let Us Hold Fast to What We Profess”
In light of these things, as long as+ the promise of “entering his rest” is still open,+ let us tremble with fear,+ lest any of you ever be judged+ to have fallen short of it.+ We likewise have heard the gospel,+ you see, just as those people themselves did. Yet the message they heard didn’t help those people, because+ they didn’t share in the faith and loyalty of those who obeyed;+ indeed, it is+ we who have believed who enter his rest. As God+ has said,
“I swore a solemn oath in my wrath:
‘Only if I am not God will they enter my rest.’ ”+
When God said this,+ he did so despite the fact that “his work” had been finished since the very+ foundation of the world.For these are the words he has used somewhere in the Scriptures+ regarding the seventh day:+
“And God rested on the seventh day from all his work.”+
And yet, to repeat the passage above:+
‘Only if I am not God will they enter my rest.’ ”
From the above it is clear+—since it remains open+ for some+ to enter God’s rest,+ and given that those to whom the gospel was proclaimed previously+ did not enter it+ because of their refusal to obey— that God+ is again appointing a certain day,+ namely “Today,” when he speaks many years later,+ in the words already quoted,+ through David:
“Today, if you hear his voice,+
don’t harden your hearts.”
If the people had already inherited the promised rest, you see,+ under Joshua,+ God would not have spoken later in David’s time+ about another+ day.
So then, a Sabbath rest remains open+ for the people of God. 10 If+ someone enters God’s+ rest, that person,+ too,+ will+ himself rest from his work, just as God did from his. 11 Therefore, let us do everything we can to enter that rest, lest anyone be struck down+ by following the example, yes,+ of those who refused to obey.+ 12 The word of God is alive, you see,+ and powerful and sharper than any double-edged sword, cutting so deeply as to separate soul from spirit and bones+ from marrow,+ and able to discern one’s innermost+ thoughts and motives. 13 There is nothing in all creation that is hidden from God’s+ sight. Everything, rather, is uncovered+ and laid bare before the eyes of him to whom we must give an account.
14 Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to what we profess. 15 For we don’t have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but one who has been tempted in every respect just as we are, and yet did not sin.+ 16 Let us keep on coming without fear+ before the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and obtain in our time of need+ God’s gracious gift of help.+
+1:1A contrast is implied in this context between v 1 and v 2 (cf CJB, ESV, LEB, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV). “While” has thus been used in translation here to signal the contrast, and to signal that v 1 is setting the backdrop for the foreground information in verse 2.+1:1Πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως ( polumerōs kai polutropōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:1Or various times, or various portions, or little by little. Cf Jn 3:34.+1:1Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+1:2Or last.+1:3Translating the genitive attributively here. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:3Or word.+1:3Lit Having made/performed purification of sins. ME(OTB)/IT (see JFB, 2:441; LALS, sv καθαρισμός; UBSHS [Heb], 10; translation and notes at 2 Pt 1:9) See also Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” (PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20, 4:31, 6:7, 16:1-34; Nu 15:28; Jb 7:21.+1:3Lit of the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+1:4τοσούτῳ κρείττων τῶν ἀγγέλων ( tosoutō kreittōn tōn angelōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to the preposed element within the ME (see following note). The preposed element has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+1:4Lit having becoming superior in rank to the angels. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 13).+1:4διαφορώτερον παρʼ αὐτοὺς ὄνομα ( diaphorōteron par’ autous onoma) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction and adverbs have been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:4Or a name. Cf DuCL; UBSHS (Heb), 13.+1:5τῶν ἀγγέλων ( tōn anggelōn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit he. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:5Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:5υἱός μου ( huios mou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+1:5Ps 2:7+1:52 Sm 7:14+1:6Cf Ps 89:27; Col 1:15-18; Re 1:5.+1:6Dt 32:43 (LXX); cf Ps 97:7.+1:7τοὺς ἀγγέλους ( tous angelous) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:7The Greek word used here can mean “wind,” “spirit,” or “breath.”+1:7Ps 104:4. Cf, eg, Jb 1-2; Ps 148:8; Ga 4:3, 9; Col 2:8, 20; Re 7:1, 14:18, 16:5.+1:8IT. Cf, eg, ISV, NET, NIV.+1:8ἡ ῥάβδος τῆς εὐθύτητος ( hē rabdos tēs euthutētos) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:8Translating the genitive attributively here. Cf NET.+1:8The context of Ps 45:6 favors a futuristic interpretation of the implied copula here. Cf NCV, NIV.+1:8Lit that [will be] the scepter of. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 19). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:9Lit That is the reason why. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Ga 3:6; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit the God of you. ME(OTB)/IT. Covenantal connotations have been activated by “love” and “hate” in this context (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 20). Cf GeCL; TEV.+1:9Ps 45:6-7+1:10σὺ κύριε ( su kurie) is in P2, with κύριε split from σὺ (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:10ἔργα τῶν χειρῶν σού ( erga tōn cheirōn sou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+1:11ὡς ἱμάτιον ( hōs himation) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12Or roll them up.+1:12ὡσεὶ περιβόλαιον ( hōs peribolaion) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12ὁ αὐτὸς ( ho autous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:12Ps 102:25-27+1:13Lit he.+1:13Ps 110:1+1:14IT. Cf NCV.+1:14Or winds.+1:14Cf NRSV, TEV; TNT in ESS (Heb), 39.+1:14Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 230, sv διακονία 1). εἰς διακονίαν ( eis diakonian) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+1:14διά ( dia) here is interpreted as a marker of benefaction (see, eg, L-N, 90.38). This is reflected in the translation. Cf ESV, NCV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:1περισσοτέρως ( perissoterōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:1Or have learned, or have heard. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:2Or word, or teaching. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 28). Cf Knox, TNT.+2:2διʼ ἀγγέλων ( di’ anggelōn) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:2Cf, eg, Ac 7:53.+2:2Following the lead of the JB and TNT in translation here (see UBSHS [Heb], 28).+2:3ἡμεῖς ( ēmeis) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:3For the rhetorical force of πῶς ( pōs) in this type of context, see BDAG, 901, sv 1.a.β-δ.+2:3IT. Cf NCV.+2:3The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of condition. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+2:3τηλικαύτης σωτηρίας ( tēlikautēs sōtērias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb (warranted also on lexical grounds; see, eg, L-N, 78.36) has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:3Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+2:3Lit which a beginning having received to be spoken through the Lord. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 27-9). Cf NET. The argument here is a from-lesser-to-greater argument. Cf, eg, Jn 7:16-17, 8:28, 12:49, 14:10, 14:24.+2:3IT (see L-N, 28.44). Cf NCV, TEV.+2:3ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκουσάντων ( hupo tōn akousantōn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adjective and italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:4πνεύματος ἁγίου ( pneumatos hagiou) is in an embedded focal position (confirmed through personal correspondence with Dr. Stephen Levinsohn), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:4Cf NCV, TEV.+2:5ἀγγέλοις ( angelous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+2:5Lit he.+2:5See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. The same applies here. Cf NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit But someone solemnly testifies somewhere. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 33). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:7παρʼ ἀγγέλους ( par’ angelous) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:7IT. An adversative relationship between this clause and the preceding clause is implied here. Cf ISV.+2:7See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. Cf also 1 Co 2:7.+2:7Lit crowned him.+2:7δόξῃ καὶ τιμῇ ( doxē kai timē) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:7Cf Jn 17:22-24; Rm 8:28-30; 1 Co 2:7.+2:8The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here (from the vantage point of the speaker).+2:8πάντα ( panta) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:8Ps 8:5-7 (LXX)+2:8The article here (lit For in the to subject to him all things) is pointing us back to the quotation in v 8. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:8Cf NLT; UBSHS (Heb), 35.+2:8Lit he left nothing unsubjected to him. ME (see BDAG, 91, sv ἀνυπότακτος 1; UBSHS [Rm], 36).+2:8Lit to him.+2:8πάντα ὑποτεταγμένα ( panta hupotetagmena) is in an embedded DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore inversion has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:9Lit we see. ME (see Heb 12:1-3). Cf UBSHS (Heb), 37.+2:9βραχύ τι ( Brachu ti) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:9διὰ τὸ πάθημα τοῦ θανάτου ( dia to pathēma tou thanatou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to this element within the ME (see following note).+2:9Lit because of the suffering of death. ME (see BDAG, 747, sv πάθημα 1). Cf TEV.+2:9The purpose clause here is logically connected to “made lower” (see UBSHS [Heb], 37-8), and therefore “made lower than the angels for a short time” has been restated in translation here for the sake of clarity. Cf TEV.+2:9Cf Is 53:9. ὑπὲρ παντὸς ( huper pantos) and χάριτι θεοῦ ( chariti theou) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that χάριτι θεοῦ is marked for focal ambiguity in the BART Display), and therefore commas have been used to give extra focus to χάριτι θεοῦ, which has itself been used as a spacer to give extra focus to ὑπὲρ παντὸς.+2:9Or for the sake of.+2:9Cf Is 53.+2:10Lit It was proper/appropriate/fitting for him.+2:10The participle here is interpreted as an adverbial participle of purpose. This is reflected in the translation. Cf TEV.+2:10εἰς δόξαν ( eis doxan) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10πολλοὺς υἱοὺς ( pollous huious) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:10διὰ παθημάτων ( dia pathēmatōn) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:10In this context, τελειόω ( teleiō) is referring to consecration and appointment for priestly service (see BDAG, 996, sv τελειόω 3; NBC, 1327; UBSHS [Heb], 39). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ex 29:9-35; Lv 8:33, 16:32, 21:10; Nu 3:3. Cf also Jn 17:17-19. The connotations of perfection, completeness, and ultimacy activated by this cognate family, however, are also relevant here within the overall context of Hebrews, in which a telic argument is sustained throughout on behalf of the perfection of the priesly service/cult renered by Jesus. Hence the inclusion of “perfect” here and throughout the translation of Hebrews.+2:10Or author, or leader, or founder, or source.+2:10τὸν ἀρχηγὸν τῆς σωτηρίας ( ton archēgon tēs sōtērias) is in P2 (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:11Lit who sanctifies. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:11ἐξ ἑνὸς ( ex henos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus.+2:11Or the same Father, or the same man, or the same origin. Lit from one thing, or from one man/person/being. Cf NJB, REB in ESS (Heb), 66.+2:11Lit he. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:11ἀδελφοὺς ( adelphous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:11Lit brothers and sisters, saying.+2:12ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ( en mesō ekklēsias) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+2:12Lit sing in praise of you. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 43). Cf TEV.+2:12Ps 22:22+2:13Is 8:13-18 was interpreted Messianically in the early church (see NAC [Heb], 218). Accordingly, Is 8:17 is referring to the Messiah, and v 18 is referring to the Messiah with his children (ie, his disciples; see the following note). Following the lead of the NLT in translation here, so that the connection between the Messiah and his disciples is clear.+2:13Lit children. ME (see L-N, 9.46, 36.39). Cf Is 8:16.+2:13Translating in a way similar to how I’ve translated at Jn 6:37 (see translation and notes there).+2:13Is 8:17-18+2:14Lit share in flesh and blood. ME(OTB/I/F) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50; Php 2:7; Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+2:14παραπλησίως ( paraplēsiōs) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:14κράτος τοῦ θανάτου ( kratos tou thanatou) is in an embedded split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb and an adjective (warranted also on lexical grounds; see, eg, LEH LXX Lex, sv κράτος) have been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+2:14Lit who holds the power/might/control of death. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 45; translation and notes at Re 9:3). Cf Gn 3; Mt 6:13, 26:41; 1 Co 10:13; 2 Co 2:11, 11:3.+2:15ἔνοχοι δουλείας ( enochoi douleias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the split element.+2:15Cf, eg, Ps 3:5, 4:8, 6:5, 9:13, 13:3, 16:10, 18:4-5, 22:15, 30:3, 30:9, 33:19; 49:14-15, 68:20, 86:13, 88:3, 89:48, 116:3, 118:17-18, 139:8+2:16ἀγγέλων ( angelōn) and σπέρματος Ἀβραὰμ ( spermatos Abraam) are in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and constitute a point-counterpoint series (see LDGNT), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to these elements, with the verb in the counterpoint left implicit in translation (cf NCV, NIV). γὰρ ( gar) and δήπου ( dēpou) have also been used as spacers to give these elements extra focus.+2:16Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 223, sv δήπου).+2:16Lit he. Cf NCV.+2:17κατὰ πάντα ( kata panta) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an adverb has been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+2:17Or faithful, or reliable.+2:17ἐλεήμων καὶ πιστὸς ἀρχιερεὺς ( eleēmōn kai pistos archiereus) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+2:17Lit to make propitiation for/expiate the sins of the people. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Lk 18:13, Rm 3:25, and 1 Jn 2:2).+2:18Lit he.+2:18πειρασθείς ( peirastheis) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+2:18The perfect tense here signals ongoing relevance at the time of the speaker. I’ve tried to bring this out in translation.+2:18τοῖς πειραζομένοις ( tois peirazomenois) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:1Cf v 2:11.+3:1κλήσεως ἐπουρανίου ( klēseōs epouraniou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give this element extra focus and stress.+3:1Or calling, or invitation.+3:1Cf Heb 1:9.+3:2πιστὸν τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτὸν ( piston tō poiēsanti auton) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). An adverb has also been used to give extra focus and stress to the preposed element.+3:2Or reliable, or faithful, or loyal.+3:2Lit faithful to the one who appointed him. ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:2καὶ Μωϋσῆς ( kai Mōusēs) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element. καὶ has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:2ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf TEV.+3:2Lit his.+3:2Nu 12:7+3:3Lit This one. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+3:3πλείονος δόξης παρὰ Μωϋσῆν ( pleionos doxēs para Mōusēn) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element. An adverb has also been used to give extra focus to the preposed constituent.+3:3ὁ κατασκευάσας αὐτόν ( ho kataskeuasas auton) is in a DFE position (see BART Display; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore an intensive pronoun has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:3πλείονα τιμὴν ( pleinona timēn) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+3:3Lit just as the builder of it has greater honor than the house.+3:4Lit Every house is built by someone. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:4Πάντα ( panta) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:5Nu 12:7+3:5IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+3:5Cf HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+3:6IT. Cf most English translations.+3:6Lit his. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:6Drawing from BDAG in translation here (see BDAG, 533, sv κατέχω 2.b.). Cf NCV, TEV. In this context, κατέχω ( katechō) means the same thing as it means at v 14, where it is used with βεβαίαν ( bebaian). κατάσχωμεν ( kataschōmen) is in a DFE position (see BART Display and LDGNT; note, though, that the BART Display is marked for focal ambiguity), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:6The genitive here is interpreted as an objective genitive. This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NET, NIV, TEV.+3:7Or his summons, or his call. In the original context, the people are being compared to sheep. Cf Jn 10. τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:8Lit according to the day. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+3:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:10Or although they had seen my deeds for forty years. See UBSHS (Heb), 62.+3:10Lit They are always going astray in their hearts. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:10Lit have not known. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:11ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+3:11Ps 95:7-11+3:12Lit lest there be in someone of you an evil heart of unbelief/unfaithfulness in forsaking the living God. ME(OTB/H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [Heb], 59, 64). ἐν ( en) here is interpreted as a marker of result (see, eg, L-N, 89.48). This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, NLT, NET, TEV.+3:13For the range of meaning possible with παρακαλέω ( parakaleō), see translation and note at 2 Co 1:4.+3:13τὸ σήμερον ( to sēmeron) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element.+3:13IT. Cf NLT.+3:14μέτοχοι τοῦ Χριστοῦ ( metochoi tou Christou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore a reversed wh-cleft has been used to give extra focus to this element. γὰρ ( gar) has also been used as a spacer to the same end.+3:14The perfect tense here is signaling a past action with ongoing effects, and in this context is also functioning proleptically (see UBSHS [Heb], 66). Hence the rendering here.+3:14μέχρι τέλους ( mechri telous) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element, which has also been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.+3:15τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+3:15Ps 95:7-8+3:16Lit all who came out of Egypt by Moses. ME. Cf NET.+3:16Cf 1 Co 10; Jud 5.+3:17Lit he.+3:17IT (see Miller and Guthrie in ESS [Heb], 115). A result is clearly implied her from the original story (see, eg, Nu 14:27-29).+3:17Lit whose bodies fell. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 1.b.α.א; L-N, 20.60, 23.105). A violent death is implied here.+3:17Cf Nu 14:22-29, 26:65; 2 Co 10; Jud 1:5.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit were not able. ME. Cf NCV. This is clearly the meaning here.+4:1Or since. The participle here is either temporal (cf, eg, ISV, NET) or causal (cf, eg, NCV, NIV).+4:1Lit remains. ME (see BDAG, 521, καταλείπω 4). Cf NET, NRSV.+4:1Cf NLT.+4:1Or lest any of you ever seem.+4:1Lit let us fear, lest perhaps/ever any of you should appear/be judged to have failed. ME (see BDAG, 1043, sv ὑστερέω 1; UBSHS [Heb], 73). Cf NLT, NIV, RSV, TEV.+4:2Lit We also are gospeled. ME. Cf TEV.+4:2The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of cause. This is reflected in the translation. Cf most English translations.+4:2Lit they were not united with those who heard it in faith. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 74). Cf Nu 14:6-9, 24-30. Since the quotation that follows in verse 3 doesn’t pertain directly to “those who obeyed,” but to those whom the message “didn’t help,” a semicolon has been used in translation here. Cf HCSB.+4:3οἱ πιστεύσαντες ( hoi pisteusantes) is in a DFE position (see BART Display), and therefore a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:3Lit he.+4:3Ps 95:11+4:3IT. Cf TEV.+4:3ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου ( apo katabolēs kosmou) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an emphatic adjective has been used to give extra focus to this element.+4:4IT. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:4Lit For he has spoken somewhere about the seventh day thus. ME.+4:4Gn 2:2+4:5Lit And again in this place. ME. Cf NET.+4:6Cf REB in ESS (Heb), 127.+4:6Cf NRSV.+4:6τινὰς ( tinas) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:6Lit enter it.+4:6πρότερον ( proteron) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:6IT.+4:7Lit he.+4:7τινὰ ἡμέραν ( tina hēmeran) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+4:7Cf TEV.+4:7ἐν Δαυὶδ ( en David) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore καθὼς προείρηται ( kathos proeirētai) has been used as a spacer (following the NLT in translation here) to give this element extra focus.+4:7τῆς φωνῆς αὐτοῦ ( tēs phōnēs autou) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore italics have been used to give this element extra focus and emphasis.+4:8Ἰησοῦς ( Yēsous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as spacer to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:8Lit If them Joshua had caused to have rest. ME(OTB) (see, eg, Dt 1:38, 12:10; Jsh 1:6). Cf NCV, TEV.+4:8Lit after these things. ME/IT.+4:8περὶ ἄλλης ἡμέρας ( peris allēs hēmeras) is in a split focal position (see BART Display and LDGNT). Italics have been used to give extra focus and emphasis to the preposed element.+4:9Cf NRSV at v 6.+4:10A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions in Greek, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+4:10Lit his.+4:10Lit he.+4:10καὶ αὐτὸς ( kai autos) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore καὶ has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:10The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here. Cf TEV.+4:11Or fail. Lit fall. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 2; L-N, 20-60). Cf 3:17 above.+4:11ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ ὑποδείγματι τῆς ἀπειθείας ( en tō auto hupodeigmati tēs apeitheias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display), and therefore an emphatic adverb/spacer has been used to give extra focus to this element within the ME (see following note).+4:11Lit by the same example of disobedience. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:12Ζῶν καὶ ἐνεργὴς καὶ τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον καὶ διϊκνούμενος ἄχρι μερισμοῦ ψυχῆς καὶ πνεύματος, ἁρμῶν τε καὶ μυελῶν, καὶ κριτικὸς ἐνθυμήσεων καὶ ἐννοιῶν καρδίας ( zōn kai energēs kai tomōteros huper pasan machairan distomon kai diiknoumenous achri merismou puschēs kai pneumatos, harmōn te kai muelōs, kai kritikos enthmēseōn kai ennoiōn kardias) is in a split focal position (see BART Display; cf LDGNT), an therefore γὰρ ( gar) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+4:12Lit joints. Cf GeCL; NCV.+4:12Lit penetrating as far as the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow. ME (see BDAG, 633, sv μερισμός 1.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 84).+4:12Lit of the heart. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mk 3:5; L-N, 26.3).+4:13Lit his.+4:13Lit naked. ME. Cf NIV.+4:15Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:16Cf Lv 16:1-3.+4:16Lit for timely help. ME. Cf most English translations.+4:16Lit grace. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). Cf, eg, Mt 26:41; 2 Co 12:9. Including “gracious” here to maintain the connection with “throne of grace.” χάριν ( charin) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and has therefore been placed in clause-final for extra focus and stress.