BHT with Abridged Translator’s NotesMark 15 =
15
“Are You the King of the Jews?”
1 At daybreak, after the chief priests met and reached a decision with the Torah-experts and the entire Sanhedrin, they tied Jesus up and then led him away and handed him over to Pilate.
2 “Are you the King of the Jews?” Pilate asked him.
“The words have come out of your own mouth,”+ Jesus replied.
3 The chief priests were bringing against Jesus+ accusation after accusation. 4 Pilate, then, asked him once again, “Surely you are going to say something in your own defense, aren’t you? Listen to all these accusations+ they are bringing against you!”+ 5 Jesus, however, still made no reply, to Pilate’s astonishment.
6 Now each year at the Passover Festival,+ Pilate would release to the people+ one prisoner, whomever they requested. 7 Well, there was a man named Barabbas who was in prison among these men: The insurrectionists,+ who during the insurrection had committed murder. 8 The crowd came up and began asking Pilate to release a prisoner to them in keeping with his usual custom.+
9 Pilate, then, responded by asking them, “Do ᵖyou want me to release to you the King of the Jews?” 10 (He knew, you see, that it was out of envy that the chief priests had handed Jesus over to him.)
11 The chief priests, however, stirred up the crowd so that Pilate+ would release to them, instead, Barabbas.
12 Pilate, then, spoke to them once again, asking, “What then do ᵖyou want me do with the one you call the King of the Jews?”
13 “Crucify him!” they shouted back.
14 “Why?” asked Pilate. “What crime has he committed?”
But they shouted even more insistently,+ “Crucify him!”
15 So Pilate, because he wanted to please+ the crowd, released to them Barabbas, and had Jesus flogged and then handed over to be crucified.
“The Soldiers Led Jesus Away into the Courtyard of the Palace”
16 The soldiers led Jesus+ away into the courtyard of the palace (that is, the governor’s headquarters)+ and called together the whole company of soldiers. 17 They dressed him in a reddish-purple military cloak;+ and after making a victor’s crown out of branches with thorns,+ they placed it on him. 18 Then they began to salute him: “Hail, King of the Jews!” 19 They struck him over and over again on the head with a staff and kept spitting on him, and getting down on their knees, they prostrated themselves before him. 20 When they had finished mocking him, they stripped him of the military cloak and put him back into his own clothes. Then they led him out to crucify him.
“Let the Messiah, the King of Israel, Come Down Now from the Cross”
21 The soldiers+ forced a certain passerby who was coming in from the countryside, Simon from Cyrene, the father of Alexander and Rufus,+ to carry Jesus’+ cross. 22 They brought Jesus+ to the place called Golgotha (which means “ Skull Place”). 23 They offered him some wine mixed with myrrh, but he refused it. 24 The soldiers+ crucified him and divided up his garments among themselves by casting lots+ to decide who would get what.+
25 Now it was nine in the morning+ when they crucified him. 26 The inscription that stated the charge against him read:+ “The King of the Jews.” 27 With him they crucified two insurrectionists,+ one on his right and one on his left.+ 29 Those who were passing by kept hurling insults+ at Jesus,+ shaking their heads+ in scorn and saying, “Aha! You who were going to tear down the sanctuary and rebuild it in three days, 30 save yourself by coming down from the cross!” 31 In the same way, the chief priests, too, were mocking him among themselves, along with the Torah-experts. They kept saying, “He saved others, but he can’t save himself! 32 Let the Messiah, the King of Israel, come down now from the cross, so that we may see it and put our faith in him.” Even the men who were crucified with him were heaping insults on him.+
“My God, My God, Why Have You Forsaken Me?”
33 At noon,+ darkness came over the whole land, and it lasted until three in the afternoon.+ 34 At three in the afternoon,+ Jesus cried out with a loud voice, “Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?”, which means, “My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”+
35 Some of those standing nearby, when they heard this, began saying, “Listen! He’s calling for Elijah!” 36 Then someone ran and soaked a sponge with sour wine, and when he had placed it on a stick, offered Jesus+ a drink.+ “Wait!” he said. “Let’s see if Elijah comes to take him down.”
37 Jesus let out a loud cry and breathed his last. 38 And the curtain hanging in front of the Holy of Holies in the sanctuary+ was torn in two from top to bottom.
39 When the Roman officer+ who was standing in front of Jesus+ saw how he died,+ he said, “Truly this man was the very Son of God+!”
40 Now there were also some women there, looking on from a distance, among whom were Mary Magdalene, Mary the Mother of James the younger+ and of Joses, and Salome. 41 When Jesus+ was in Galilee, these women+ would accompany him and provide for his needs.+ There were also many other women who had traveled up with him to Jerusalem.
“Joseph from Arimathea Courageously Went to Pilate and Asked If He Could Have Care of Jesus’ Body”
42 It was now getting close to evening, and because it was Preparation Day (that is, the day before the Sabbath), 43 Joseph from Arimathea, a highly respected member of the Sanhedrin, who was himself also waiting expectantly for the Kingdom of God, courageously went to Pilate and asked if he could have care of Jesus’ body. 44 Pilate, though, was surprised that Jesus+ was already dead, and so, having summoned the Roman officer,+ asked him if Jesus+ was in fact already dead. 45 When Pilate+ had received confirmation+ from the officer, he granted permission for the body to be given to Joseph. 46 After purchasing a linen shroud and having taken down the body,+ Joseph+ wrapped the body in the shroud and placed it in a tomb that had been cut into some bedrock.+ Then he rolled a stone across the entrance into the tomb. 47 Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses, meanwhile, were watching and took note of where the body+ was placed.
+1:1Cf Ac 1:22.+1:2Ml 3:1+1:3Lit the paths, or your paths. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 3:3).+1:3Is 40:3+1:5Or confessing.+1:5Cf Ps 32:3.+1:8Or in.+1:9Lit In those days. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 56). Cf NIV, NCV.+1:10Lit he.+1:10Or the skies. So throughout this section.+1:11Or the skies. So throughout this section.+1:11Cf Gn 22:2, 16; Is 42:1.+1:12Lit him.+1:13Cf Ge 21:15-19; 1 Ki 19:5-8; Ps 78:23-25, 91:11; Lk 22:43; Heb 1:14.+1:14Cf Ps 40:9-10 (see LXX); Is 40:9, 52:7, 61:1 (see LXX); Rm 1:1.+1:15Cf Dn 2:21, 9:24-27; Ga 4:4; Eph 1:10.+1:15Cf Is 13:6-9; Dn 2:34-35, 44-45; Jl 1:15, 2:1, 2:11, 2:31, 3:14; Ob 15; Zp 1:7-9, 14-18; Ml 4:5; Mt 5:20-24; Lk 10:11-12, 21:31; Rm 13:12; 1 Pt 4:7.+1:15Cf ISV. It must be remembered here that Jesus is addressing a Jewish audience familiar with the OT and the promises of the covenants.+1:15Lit in the gospel. ME(OTB)/IT. In both the OT and NT, the “gospel” isn’t just a generic message, but relates specifically to the promises of the covenants. Cf Gn 12:1-3, 22:18, 26:4, 28:14; 2 Sm 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 40:9-10 (cf LXX), 89, 132; Is 40:9, 52:7, 61:1 (cf LXX); Ac 7:5, 13:23, 13:32, 26:6; Rm 1:1, 4:14-16; 2 Co 1:20; Ga 3:7-29 (see esp vs 8); Tit 1:2; Re 10:7. Cf πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ( pisteuete en euangeliō) here with ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ ( episteusan en tois logois autou) at Ps 105:12 in the LXX (Ps 106:12 in the MT), and with the HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT, and TEV renderings of the MT there.+1:15Cf Is 40:27-31; Hab 2:3.+1:16Lit he.+1:16Lit and Andrew the brother of Simon.+1:17Lit Come after me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+1:21Lit he.+1:22Lit they.+1:24Or Leave us alone! Lit What to us and to you? ME(I/F) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 8:28). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+1:24Lit Did you come, or Have you come. Cf TEV.+1:25Lit to him.+1:26\ Or after.+1:26Lit him.+1:30Lit immediately. ME. Cf TEV.+1:32This was a Sabbath (cf Mk 1:21, 29). Healing was forbidden on the Sabbath (see, eg, Mt 12:2, Jn 9:16), and therefore the people had to wait until evening to bring the sick to Jesus.+1:32Lit to him.+1:34Lit he.+1:35Lit he.+1:38Lit he.+1:39Mark really seems to love this aspect of Jesus’ ministry!+1:40Lit to him.+1:40Lit he.+1:41Or Jesus was moved with compassion. Lit Being moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072). An independent clause has been used in translation to allow for more natural expression of the idiom in English.+1:41Lit he.+1:42Lit him.+1:43Lit him.+1:43Lit he.+1:44Lit show yourself to the priest. ME(OTB) (see Lv 14:1-32). Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 224). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:44Lit the things. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 14:1-32). Cf NIV, TEV.+1:44Cf Lv 14:1-32.+1:44Or as proof, or as a witness, or as a testimony.+1:44Or to them.+1:45Lit he.+1:45Lit word.+1:45Lit he.+1:45Lit they.+2:1Lit he.+2:1Lit it was heard. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, NCV, TEV.+2:2Lit He.+2:2Or the word.+2:3Lit they. Cf ISV, NET.+2:4Lit he.+2:7Lit why. The rhetorical impact intended by the question here is more effectively conveyed in English with something like “how dare.” Cf CJB, TEV; UBSHS (Mk), 78; translation and notes at Lk 5:21.+2:7Lit Who can forgive sins except God alone? ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:8Lit in his spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 212).+2:10Or know, or realize.+2:10Or on the earth. Cf Ps 2, 8; Dn 7:13-14.+2:12Lit he.+2:13Lit beside the lake. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:14Lit follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+2:14Lit he.+2:14Lit he.+2:15Lit his.+2:15Lit For they were many and were following/accompanying him. ME. Cf CJB, NLT. For a discussion of the interpretive options here, see UBSHS (Mk), 86.+2:16Lit the scribes of the Pharisees. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 2:16).+2:17Lit came to call/invite, or have come to call/invite. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+2:17Or to invite.+2:18Lit they. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:18Lit to him.+2:20Lit days. Here ἡμέραι ( hēmerai) is being used in its generic sense of “time” (see, eg, BDAG, 438, sv 4). Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV.+2:20Lit at/on/in that day.+2:21Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NIV, RSV.+2:22Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NIV, RSV.+2:23Lit he.+2:23Lit to make a road. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 96). Cf NIV, TEV.+2:26Cf Lv 16:32; 1Sa 21:1-6; 2 Sa 8:17;1 Ch 24:6.+2:26Cf Ex 25:30; Lv 24:5-9; 1Sm 21:6.+2:26Lit which is forbidden for [one] to eat, except...+2:26Cf Lv 24:5-9.+2:27Lit man. ME. Cf CJB, NRSV, TEV.+3:1Lit he.+3:1Lit dried up. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+3:2Lit they. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+3:2Lit him.+3:2Lit him.+3:2Lit in order to accuse him.+3:3Lit he.+3:4Lit Which is lawful? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+3:4Or to do evil?+3:5Lit the hardness/calloused state/insensitivity of their heart. ME(H/OTB). “People in the ancient Near East viewed the heart as the seat of emotions, the intellect, and the will” (see FSB, Ex 4:21; cf ANLEX, 215, sv καρδία 2; Ibid, 340, sv πώρωσις; FSB, Mk 3:5; Ex 4:21; for a good example of the close interrelationship between emotion, will, and understanding that is assumed in the Scriptures, see Proverbs 2). In modern Western culture, we tend to associate the heart with the emotions and perhaps even the will, but not so much with the mind, intellect, and understanding. (In fact, heart and mind are often viewed in contradistinction to one another.) Some translations try to compensate at this point by using “mind” in translation (see, eg, the NCV and TEV at Mk 6:52 and 8:17).+3:5Cf Ex 32:9-14; Dt 9:13-14.+3:5Lit he.+3:6Lit went out and began giving counsel against him. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:9Lit they. Cf NIV, TEV.+3:12Lit him not to make known. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 110). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:13Lit he.+3:13Or wanted. Cf Lk 6:13.+3:14Lit to be with him. ME. Cf ISV, NLT.+3:20Lit so that they.+3:20Lit were not able to eat bread. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:21Lit they were saying. The subject here has been interpreted as an impersonal plural (for a brief discussion of the interpretive options here, see UBSHS [Mk], 116). This is reflected in the translation.+3:21Lit he.+3:21Or For they were saying, “He’s lost his mind.” Cf Jn 6:41-70.+3:22Lit He has Beelzebul. Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+3:23Lit he.+3:26Or rebels, or rises up.+3:26Lit he is going to have his end, or he has his end, or he will certainly have his end. The meaning here is not the end of Satan’s existence, but the end of his power and kingdom (see UBSHS [Mk], 121).+3:27Or the strong man’s.+3:28Lit the sons of men. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 122). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, TEV.+3:28Lit blasphemies.+4:1Lit he.+4:2Lit And he was saying to them in his teaching. ME. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτο ( en tē didachē autou) here is active in meaning (ie, it is referring to “the act of teaching” and to “the thing taught”) ( UBSHS [Mk], 128). Cf CJB, ISV.+4:5Lit did not have much soil. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 403).+4:6Lit because it did not have root. ME. Cf NET.+4:9Lit He who has ears, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+4:10Lit he.+4:11Cf Dn 2:17-47, 4:9; Rm 11:25, 16:25; 1 Co 4:1-2, 13:2, 14:2, 15:51; Eph 1:9, 3:3-9, 5:32, 6:19; Col 1:26-27, 2:2, 4:3; 1 Ti 3:9, 16; Re 1:20, 10:7, 17:5.+4:12Lit it. IT.+4:12Is 6:9, 10.+4:14Or word, or teaching. So throughout this section.+4:15Lit those who. Masculine inflections are used throughout the explanation of the parable, since people are meant. Throughout this section, “the seed” is used in translation for the sake of clarity and to aid information flow.+4:17Lit And they have no root in themselves. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:17Or fall away. Cf Jb 2:9; Ps 118:22; Is 28:16; Mt 11:2; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+4:21Lit he.+4:22Lit For there is not anything hidden except that it may be disclosed. ME. Cf ISV.+4:22Lit nor has become concealed but that it may come out into the open. ME. Cf ISV.+4:22Cf Dt 29:29; Pr 25:2; Dn 2:21-22.+4:23Lit If someone has ears to hear, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+4:24Lit See what you are hearing. ME (see BDAG, 179, sv βλέπω 4, 6).+4:24Lit By which measure you measure it will be measured to you, and it will be added to you. ME. Cf NLT. Following here the lead of the NLT, which, in my opinion, captures the meaning of this saying in this context very well. Cf Jsh 1:8; Ps 1:2, 19:14, 49:3, 119:18; Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-2, 52; Rm 15:14; 1 Co 1:5.+4:25Lit He who has, it will be given/entrusted/granted to him. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+4:25Cf Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-12, 13:52, 25:29; Eph 1:7-9, 16-18.+4:25Lit He who does not have, even what he has. ME/IT (see translation and notes Mt 13:12).+4:25Cf Ho 4:4-6, 6:7-10; Mic 3:9-12; Zp 3:4; Mal 2:7-9; Mt 21:33-46; Rm 11:7-15, 25.+4:27Lit and he is sleeping and getting up night and day. VPR (see VCC [Mk 4:27]). The meaning here is “‘sleep in the night and rise in the day’” (see UBSHS [Mk], 146).+4:29Lit the fruit.+4:29Lit As soon as the fruit permits. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:29Cf Jl 3:13; Ho 6:11; Mt 13:36-43; Re 14:15.+4:30Lit Or by/with what parable. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:30Lit put. ME (see BDAG, 1003, sv τίθημι 1.b.α.). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:31Lit which.+4:32Lit the birds of the sky. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, 13:32). Cf NCV, NET.+4:32Dn 4:12, Ezk 17:23+4:32Cf Is 2:2-4, 42:1-4, 49:5-6; Ac 10:9-15.+4:33Lit he.+4:33Or word, or teaching.+4:33Or to hear, or to understand.+4:35Lit said to them.+4:36Or took him along, just as he was, in the boat. Cf HCSB, TEV. Following the interpretation favored by the UBSHS (see UBSHS (Mk), 152; cf NET Bible Notes, Mk 4:36) in translation here.+4:36Lit were with. ME (see BDAG, 636, sv μετά 2.a.γ.א; UBSHS [Mk], 152).+4:37Lit and. The translation here is based on the context. Cf TEV.+4:37Lit and the waves were breaking into the boat, so that already the boat was being filled.+4:38Lit He.+4:38Lit sleeping on a cushion. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 154). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:38Lit They.+4:39Lit he.+4:39Lit the lake, or the sea. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:39Cf Jb 38:8-11; Ps 104:5-9; Jr 5:22.+4:40Lit to them.+4:41Lit They.+4:41Lit and the lake, or and the sea. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:41Cf Gn 1:9, 8:1-5; Jb 38:11; Ps 18:15, 89:9, 93:4, 102:5-7, 106:9, 107:29; Jr 5:22.+5:1Lit the region of the Gerasenes. ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 8:28, Mk 5:1).+5:2Lit He.+5:2See note at Mt 8:28. Cf NCV, TEV.+5:3Lit he.+5:3Lit had his dwelling. ME. Cf most English translations.+5:5Lit And through all night and day.+5:6Lit he.+5:7Or Leave me alone! Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 8:29).+5:7Or tormented, or tortured.+5:8Lit for. IT. Cf NCV, TEV.+5:8Or had repeatedly said, or was saying.+5:9Lit he.+5:10Lit with him.+5:12Lit They.+5:12Lit with him.+5:13Lit He.+5:13Lit in the lake/sea. Cf NLT.+5:14Lit they.+5:16Lit them.+5:17Lit with him.+5:18Lit he.+5:18Lit with him.+5:19Lit he.+5:19Cf Gn 12:1-3, 22:18, 26:4, 28:14; Ex 34:6; Is 42:6-9, 43:10-11, 49:6-7.+5:20Lit he.+5:20Lit in the Decapolis (“Ten Cities”). ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:25).+5:22Lit him.+5:23Lit has finally, or is at an extreme. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 23.151; UBSHS (Mk), 169). Cf most English translations.+5:23Or delivered, or saved.+5:24Lit he.+5:25Lit who had been in a flow of blood. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 9:20). Cf Lv 15:25-30.+5:27Lit she.+5:28Or saved, or delivered.+5:29Lit And immediately her flow of blood dried up. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+5:30Or perceiving in himself.+5:31Lit and yet you ask. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 174). Cf NLT.+5:34Lit he.+5:35Lit they.+5:36Or overhearing.+5:36Lit the word/message being spoken. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:36Or keep trusting, or keep believing.+5:37Lit He.+5:40Lit He.+5:41Or get up, or arise.+5:42Lit And they were in awe with great awe, or And they were astonished with great astonishment. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, NIV, TEV.+5:43Lit he.+6:1Lit He.+6:3Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14; 28:16; Mt 11:6; Lk 2:34; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+6:6Lit he.+6:6Lit And he was going around the villages in a circuit. ME. Cf NIV, NLT.+6:9Lit but having put on. Cf ISV, NLT.+6:9Lit two tunics, or two inner garments. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+6:10Lit there, or in that place. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+6:10Lit leave from there/that place. ME. Cf NET.+6:12Lit they.+6:14Lit the king. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+6:14Lit his.+6:14Lit They. Cf most translations.+6:17Lit had sent and arrested John. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+6:18Lit It is not lawful. ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+6:18Cf Lv 18:16, 20:21.+6:19Lit against him.+6:20Lit he.+6:20Lit to him.+6:20Or was at a loss, or was confused. ἀπορέω ( aporeō) in this context is most likely referring to worry and anxiety. (Note the statement that “he was afraid of John”; cf L-N, 32.9; UBSHS [Mk], 196.) Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, TEV.+6:22Lit the king. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+6:24Lit she.+6:24Lit She.+6:25Lit she.+6:27Lit his.+6:27Lit he.+6:29Lit his.+6:30Lit gathered to. IT. A return is implied here. CJB, ESV, LEB, NLT, RSV, TEV.+6:31Lit and they.+6:32Lit according to that which is private. ME (see note at Mk 4:10).+6:33Lit there, or to that place.+6:33Or on foot.+6:34Lit he.+6:34Or he was moved with compassion for them. Lit he was moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072).+6:35Lit When it had already become much hour. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 67.77). Cf HCSB, ISV, NASB, NET.+6:35Lit and the hour is already much. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 67.77).+6:36Lit them.+6:37Lit Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give them to eat? The question here is most likely rhetorical and exclamatory, not a request for permission (see UBSHS [Mk], 205). This interpretation is reflected in the translation. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+6:37Lit he.+6:37Lit two hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24).+6:39Lit He.+6:41ME(H)/IT. The “loaves” were not long like those in supermarkets today, but were small and round. (One person might normally eat three during a meal.) Five loaves might have been enough for two people (see L-N, 5.8; UBSHS [Mt]), 460.+6:41Or pickled. ME(H)/IT. The fish were not raw, but were cooked or pickled (see UBSHS [Mt], 460; UBSHS [Mk], 205).+6:41Lit he.+6:41Or heaven.+6:41Or and asked God’s blessing upon them, or and praised God. Lit blessed. ME (see BSL, Mt 14:19, sv εὐλογέω; UBSHS [Mt], 461; translation and notes at Mk 10:16).+6:41Lit to them.+6:42Lit And all ate and were satisfied. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462). Cf CJB, NLT.+6:43Lit they.+6:43Lit took up, or removed, or carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+6:45Lit he.+6:46Lit to them. Cf TEV.+6:47Lit He.+6:48Lit around the fourth watch of the night. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:25).+6:48Or pass by.+6:49Lit they.+6:50Lit he.+6:50Or I AM. See note at Mt 14:27. The same applies here. Cf Gn 1:1-10; Ex 3:14-15, 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6.+6:51Lit They.+6:53Lit came. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+6:53Lit at Gennesaret. ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 14:34).+6:54Lit they.+6:54Lit him.+6:55Lit where they heard he was. ME. Cf NET.+6:56Lit they.+6:56Lit the tassel. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 14:36). Cf Nu 15:37-41, Dt 22:12.+7:1Lit around him.+7:3ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας (ean mē pugmē nipsōntai tas xeiras) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element (the clause has been rendered positively to allow for this).+7:3Lit with the fist, or in the proper way. For a discussion of similar practices in modern Orthodox Judaism, see Stern, JNTC, Mk 7:2.+7:3Lit the tradition of the elders. ME(H) (see note at Mt 15:2).+7:4Or washed themselves. Lit baptized. ME (see BDAG, 164, sv βαπτίζω 1; L-N, 53.31; UBSHS [Mk], 222). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+7:4Lit many other things. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV.+7:4Lit received to hold/observe/adhere. Cf HCSB, LEB.+7:4Lit the baptism. ME. Cf NLT.+7:4Or dining couches. Some manuscripts omit “couches reclined on at meals/dining couches.” For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, Mk 7:4.+7:5Lit ...not walk according to the tradition of the elders? ME(H) (see note at Mt 15:2).+7:5Lit their bread. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+7:6Lit he.+7:7Is 29:13+7:9Lit You splendidly/well reject. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:9Cf Rm 10:3.+7:10Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16+7:10Ex 21:17; Lv 20:9+7:11Lit that is, a gift. ME(H)/IT (see L-N, 53.22; NAC [Mk], 116, NAC [Mt], 238; NET Bible Notes, Mk 7:11; UBSHS [Mk], 228). Cf HCSB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+7:15Some manuscripts have verse 16: “If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear” (ESV).+7:17Lit he.+7:18Lit In the same way. ME (see BDAG, 742, sv οὕτω 1.b.).+7:18“Disciples” is drawn from the plural “you” here.+7:21Or evil thoughts, or evil ideas, or evil designs, or evil reasonings. Cf LEB.+7:22Lit an evil eye. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 6:23).+7:22Or slander.+7:24Lit he.+7:26Or a Gentile, or a Greek.+7:26Lit a Syrophoenician by race/nation/people. ME. Cf NET, NRSV.+7:26Lit him.+7:27Cf Rm 1:16.+7:29Lit word. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, TEV.+7:29Lit he.+7:30Lit she.+7:31Lit he.+7:31Lit through the region of the Decapolis (“Ten Cities”). ME(H) (see FSB, Mt 4:25; HNTC, 46; Robertson, Word Pictures, Mt 4:25; TCBC, 399).+7:32Lit They.+7:32Lit on him.+7:33Lit he.+7:33Lit him.+7:33Lit away from the crowd according to that which is private. ME. Cf ESV, NIV, NET, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+7:33Lit his.+7:34Or to heaven.+7:34Lit he.+7:34Or sighed.+7:34Lit to him.+7:35Lit his.+7:35Lit the chain of his tongue was loosed. ME(I/F). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT.+7:36Lit He.+7:36Lit them. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:36Lit they were proclaiming [it] even more. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:1Lit In those days. ME (see note at Mk 1:9). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+8:1Lit he.+8:2Or I am moved with compassion for. Lit I am moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072).+8:6Lit he.+8:6IT (see note at Mt 15:36).+8:6Lit to serve, and they served it to the crowd. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+8:7Or pickled. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 15:36).+8:7Lit he.+8:7Or had asked God’s blessing upon. Lit had blessed. ME (see note at Mt 14:19).+8:8Lit And they ate and were satisfied. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 14:20).+8:8Lit they.+8:8Lit took up, or removed, or carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+8:9Lit he.+8:9Lit them.+8:11Lit with him.+8:11Or from the sky. Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+8:12Or sigh.+8:12Lit And groaning/having groaned (or sighed) deeply/intensely in his spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 251).+8:12Lit he.+8:12Cf Dt 6:16; Is 7:12, 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Am 5:18; Hab 3:11; Mal 3:15; Mt 15:1-4, 24:29; Lk 21:11; Ac 5:9; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+8:12ME (OTB)/IT (see BDAG, 278, sv εἰ 4; JFB, Mk 8:12; Robertson, Word Pictures, Mk 8:12; UBSHS [Mk], 251; Wuest, Word Studies, Mk 8:10). This is an example of aposiopesis (see Robertson, Grammar, 1024). Following the NIV’s rendering of self-imprecatory statements in the Old Testament in the rendering of the IT here. See, eg, 2 Sm 3:9, 3:35, 19:13; 1 Ki 2:23; Ru 1:19.+8:14Lit They.+8:15Lit he.+8:16Lit they.+8:17Lit he.+8:17Lit Do you have your heart hardened? See note at Mk 3:5.+8:18Cf Is 42:18-19, 43:8; Jr 5:21; Ezk 12:2; Mt 13:13.+8:19Cf Mk 6:30-44.+8:19Lit …did you take up? or …did you remove? or …did you carry? See note at Mk 6:43. The same applies here and in v 20.+8:19Cf 1 Ki 17:11-16.+8:22Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+8:22Lit to him.+8:22Lit him.+8:23Lit he.+8:23Lit his.+8:24Or after looking up/around. The context makes it clear that the man hasn’t fully regained his sight yet.+8:24Lit he.+8:24Lit I see men, for I see [them] walking around like trees. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 258). Cf HCSB, ISV, LEB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:25Lit He.+8:25Lit his.+8:25Lit he.+8:25Or looked intently, or stared with eyes open wide.+8:26Lit he.+8:30Lit he.+8:31See note at Mt 16:21. The same applies here.+8:31Cf Ps 22; Is 53.+8:31See note at Mt 21:42. The same applies here.+8:31Ps 118:22+8:31Cf Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-8; Dt 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+8:31Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4, 20.+8:33Or after.+8:33Lit he.+8:33Lit turning around. Cf the CJB at Mt 16:23. The fact that Jesus is turning toward the other disciples from a location off to the side indicates that hevis turning his back on Peter here. The words “get behind me,” therefore, are coupled with a powerful visual demonstration.+8:33Lit things. See note at Mt 16:23. The same applies here.+8:34Lit he.+8:34Lit follow after me. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 4:19, 10:38, and 16:24). Cf HCSB, NET, NLT.+8:34Cf Jn 6:66.+8:35Or wants, or intends, or purposes.+8:35Or for.+8:36Lit What benefit/profit/advantage/value/worth is it...? See note at Mt 16:26. The same applies here.+8:36Or suffer the loss of.+8:36Cf 1 Ti 6:8-10, 17-19.+8:37Cf Ps 49:7-9.+8:38Lit of him.+8:38Cf Is 40:5; Ek 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23; Dn 7:13-14.+8:38Cf Mt 13:41.+9:1Or before, or until. See note at Mt 16:28. The same applies here.+9:1See note at Mt 16:28. The same applies here.+9:1Cf Is 4:4:2-6, 60:1; Dn 2:34-35, 2:44-45, 7:21-22; 1 Co 4:20; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Pe 1:16-20.+9:2Lit according to that which is private alone. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 272).+9:3Lit of such sort.+9:5Cf Lv 23:42.+9:5Μωϋσεῖ ( Mōusei) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore καὶ (kai) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+9:7Cf Ex 13:21-22, 14:19-24, 19:16-18, 20:18, 24:15-18, 33:9-10, 40:28-29; 2 Ch 7:1; Dt 4:33, 5:24-26; Is 4:2-6; Ezk 1:4-6, 25-28; Mt 17:5.+9:7Lit Hear him. ME (see L-N, 36.14).+9:9Lit he.+9:10Lit they.+9:10Or The order they obeyed, arguing among themselves...; or The matter they kept to themselves, arguing... Cf NASB.+9:11Lit him.+9:11Cf Ml 4:5-6.+9:12Ml 4:6. Cf LXX.+9:12Ml 4:6 makes it clear that the “things” “turned back” or “brought back” are “hearts.” Cf Dt 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:37-38; 2 Ki 1:1-16; Ml 4:6, Re 11:3-6. Cf also the NET’s rendering of Ml 4:6.+9:12Cf Ps 22; Is 53; Lk 24:26-27.+9:13Cf Lk 1:17+9:13Lit did to him as many things as they wanted. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 543).+9:14Lit When they.+9:15Lit him.+9:16Lit He.+9:18Lit it.+9:19Lit he.+9:19Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:21Lit his.+9:21Lit From childhood. ME (see L-N, 67.153). Cf NCV, NLT.+9:21Lit he.+9:22Lit It.+9:22Or often throws.+9:22Lit into [with submergence implied]. The concern here is not that the boy has been falling into shallow water, but that the demon has tried to drown the boy. I have signaled this in translation with “under.” Cf UBSHS (Mk), 286.+9:25Lit You mute and deaf spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 288). Cf ISV.+9:26Lit it.+9:26Lit him.+9:26Lit he.+9:27Lit him.+9:28Lit he.+9:28Lit according to one’s own/what is private. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 290).+9:28Lit drive it out.+9:29Lit he.+9:29Some manuscripts add “and fasting” (ESV).+9:30Lit he.+9:31Or when, or after.+9:32Lit they.+9:32Lit But they didn’t understand the statement. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT.+9:33Lit him.+9:33Lit them.+9:33Lit on the road. ME (see BDAG, 691, sv ὁδός). Cf CJB.+9:35Lit he.+9:36Lit he.+9:36Lit around him.+9:37Lit in my name. ME (see notes at Mt 10:41). Cf also Mk 9:41. Note that in both Mt 10:41 and Mk 9:41, the idiom applies to the person who is being received.+9:38Lit since he was not accompanying us. ME (see note at Mt 4:19; UBSHS [Mk], 297). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:41Lit gives you a cup of water in name. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 10:41-42; cf Mt 18:5). Cf CJB, HCSB, NASB, NET, NRSV, RSV.+9:42Lit little ones, or small ones. ME (see note at Mt 10:42).+9:42Cf 2 Co 11:1-6.+9:43Some manuscripts have verses 44 and 46 (which are the same as v 48). For a brief discussion of the manuscript variants here, see NET Bible Notes at Mk 9:44.+9:48Lit the worm of them. Though some degree of possession is implied here, this isn’t the primary function of the genitive here. “Them” is the object of an implied verb (“feeding”) (see UBSHS [Mk], 304). Cf TEV.+9:48Is 66:24+9:49Some manuscripts add “and every sacrifice will be salted with salt” (ESV).+9:49Cf Gn 19:26; Ex 30:35; Lv 2:13; Nu 18:19; Dt 29:23; Jg 9:45; 2 Ki 2:21; 2 Ch 13:5; Jb 39:6; Ps 11:6; Jr 17:6; Ezk 38:22, 43:24; Zp 2:9; Lk 17:28-32; 2 Pt 2:6, 3:5-12; Re 16:8-9, 20:14.+9:50Or good. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 305).+9:50“In the ancient world...what was often sold as salt was highly adulterated and the sodium chloride could leach out in humid weather, in which case the residue (normally a form of lime) would be useless” ( L-N, 5.25).+9:50Cf Mk 9:33 above; Rm 12. Remember, this whole discussion originated because the disciples were arguing about who would be the greatest.+10:1Lit he.+10:1Lit as he was accustomed. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+10:2Lit Is it lawful...?. ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+10:4IT. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:4Dt 24:1.+10:6Or when creation began. Lit at/from the beginning of creation. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, and TEV at Mk 13:19.+10:6Lit he.+10:6Gn 1:27+10:8Gn 2:24+10:10Lit And back into the house, or And into the house again. ME (see UBSHS [Mk]), 312. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+10:11Cf Mt 5:31-32.+10:12Lit she.+10:12Here Mark is most likely extending the application of Jesus’ teaching for Gentile readers, since according to Jewish law only a man could initiate a divorce (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:12; UBSHS [Mk], 314). “As such it may be an interpretive and parenthetical comment by the author rather than part of the saying by Jesus, which would stop at the end of v. 11. As such it should then be placed in parentheses” ( NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:12).+10:13Lit they.+10:13Lit to him.+10:13Lit scolded them. See note at Mt 19:13. The same applies here.+10:16Lit around them. Here Jesus is most likely in a seated position, receiving the kids into his arms and blessing them while they sit on his lap (see UBSHS [Mk], 317).+10:16Lit he.+10:16Lit blessed. ME(H) (see Stern, JNTC, Mk 10:16; UBSHS [Mk], 316).+10:16Or invoked a blessing over each of them as he placed his hands on them, or blessed each of them by placing his hands on them. Jesus is mostly likely placing his hands on their heads (see Stern, JNTC, Mk 10:16; UBSHS [Mt], 598).+10:17This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+10:19Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17+10:19Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18+10:19Ex 20:15; Dt 5:19+10:19Ex 20:16; Dt 5:20+10:19Or you must not defraud. This is most likely an allusion to Dt 24:14 (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:19) and/or passages like Lv 19:13 and Ml 3:5. Cf Jm 5:4.+10:19Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16+10:20Lit he.+10:20Lit since my youth. ME. Cf ISV. Most likely from the time of his bar-mitzvah (see NAC [Mk], 163; UBSHS [Mk], 320).+10:21Lit at him.+10:21Or felt love. Cf CJB, NET, NLT. Here the aorist tense is functioning inceptively. It is mostly likely conveying some sort of expression or display of affection (see BDAG, ἀγαπάω 1.b.α.; UBSHS [Mk], 320).+10:21Cf Mt 6:16-18; Lk 14:14; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+10:21Lit come follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+10:21Cf 1 Ki 19:19-21.+10:22Lit Having become gloomy in appearance at the word. ME. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:23Cf 1 Ti 6:9-10.+10:26Lit they.+10:28Lit began saying to him. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+10:30Lit life in the coming age. Because the “age to come” has already been stated in the temporal frame, “unending” has been used translation here.+10:32Lit they. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV; UBSHS (Mk), 328.+10:32Lit he.+10:35Lit to him.+10:38Lit the baptism. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.82; M-M, 102, sv βαπτίζω; UBSHS [Mk], 332).+10:38Cf Php 3:10-11; Heb 11:35.+10:39Lit the baptism. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.82; M-M, 102, sv βαπτίζω; UBSHS [Mk], 332).+10:42Lit dominate them.+10:42Lit their great men. ME(H) (see L-N, 87.40). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+10:42Lit them.+10:45Cf Ps 49:7-9, Heb 2:9-15.+10:45Or in place of, or in exchange for. ἀντί ( anti) here is most likely being used in its primary sense of substitution/exchange (for discussion, see Wallace, Grammar, 365-8).+10:45This is most likely an allusion to Is 53:12 (cf LXX).+10:45Cf Gn 2:16; Ps 49:7-9; Is 53:10-12; Mt 26:28; Rm 5:15-17; 1Ti 2:6; Tit 2:14; Heb 2:9-15, 9:28.+10:46Lit he.+10:49Lit Call him. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+10:50Lit he.+10:52Or delivered, or saved.+10:52Lit he.+10:52Lit him.+11:1Lit he.+11:3Lit he will send it. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Mt], 638; UBSHS [Mk], 343).+11:4Lit they.+11:4Or a gate.+11:5Lit some of those who were there standing. ME. Cf CJB, NASB, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+11:6Lit They.+11:6Lit they.+11:7Lit They.+11:7Lit on it. Cf TEV.+11:7Lit he.+11:8Cf 2 Ki 9:13.+11:8Cf Lv 23:40.+11:9Lit him.+11:9Ps 118:25-26+11:10Cf 2 Sa 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132.+11:10Lit Hosanna. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:9).+11:10Ps 148:1+11:11Lit He.+11:11Lit because the hour was already evening. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+11:12Lit he.+11:13Lit something. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:13Lit he found nothing. ME. Cf NLT.+11:13Cf Is 5:2.+11:14Lit to it.+11:14Cf Is 5:1-7.+11:15Lit he.+11:15Lit in the temple complex. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:12).+11:17Or all the nations.+11:17Is 56:7+11:17Jr 7:11+11:18Lit him.+11:19Lit they (ie, Jesus and his disciples).+11:21Lit to him.+11:23IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+11:24Lit whatever you are praying and asking. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 357). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT.+11:25Lit And whenever you are standing praying. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 357).+11:25Lit have against someone something. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 133).+11:25Some manuscripts have verse 26: “But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father who is in heaven forgive your trespasses” (ESV).+11:30Lit heaven. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:25).+11:30Lit was it from heaven or from men? ME (see note at Mt 21:25).+11:31Lit him.+11:32Lit they were afraid of the crowd.+11:32Lit they all.+12:1Lit he.+12:1Cf Is 5:1-7.+12:1Lit it.+12:2Lit He.+12:2Cf NLT.+12:3Lit him.+12:3Lit they.+12:3Cf 2 Ch 24:19, 36:15-16; Ne 9:26; Jr 37:15, 38:6.+12:5Lit He.+12:5Lit they.+12:6Lit he.+12:6Lit him.+12:7πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ( pros heautous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+12:8Lit threw him. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+12:9Or give, or assign.+12:11Lit This came about/come to pass from the Lord. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:11Ps 118:22-23+12:11Cf Is 42:5-9, 43:16-21, 48:6-7.+12:12Lit they. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV. Cf also Mt 21:45.+12:12Lit him.+12:13Lit to him.+12:13Lit the Herodians. ME(H) (see note at Mt 22:16).+12:14Lit you do not look at the face of men. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 30.120; UBSHS [Mt], 683). Cf Ex 23:6-8; Dt 16:19; Is 11:3.+12:14Or truly, or faithfully, or in truth, or sincerely. Cf 2 Co 2:17; 1 Th 2:1-12.+12:14Lit Is it right...?, or Is it lawful...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10). Cf CJB, TEV.+12:14Or to Caesar.+12:15Lit he.+12:15Or Why are you putting me to the test?+12:16Lit and whose inscription? ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 22:20).+12:17Cf Ex 20:4; Lv 26:1; Dt 27:15; Mt 17:25; Rm 13:7.+12:17Cf Gn 1:26; Rm 8:29, 12:1-2; 1 Co 11:7; Col 3:10.+12:18ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 344, sv Σαδδουκαῖος; L-N, 11.48).+12:18Lit who say there is no resurrection. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 687). Cf ISV, TEV.+12:18Lit to him.+12:19Lit his brother. Cf NET, NIV, NRSV.+12:19Lit the woman. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:19Lit raise up seed. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.59).+12:19See Dt 25:5+12:20Lit took a woman/wife. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 12:19). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+12:20Lit and when he died, he did not leave behind seed. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:21Lit took her.+12:21Lit died without leaving seed. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+12:22Lit And the seven did not leave seed. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:23Lit she.+12:23Lit since the seven had her as a wife? Cf most English translations.+12:26Lit Now as for the dead, namely, that they are going to be raised. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:26See note at Mt 22:32.+12:26Ex 3:6+12:27See note at Mt 22:32. Cf Gn 15:5-8; Ex 15:2; Dt 10:21; 1 Sm 28:8-20; 2 Sm 12:23; 1 Ch 29:13 Ps 6:5, 30:9-12, 16:10, 27:13, 49:14-15, 52:5, 63:4, 71:19-24, 88:3-12, 94:17, 104:33, 115:17, 116:9, 142:5, 146:2; Ec 9:10; Is 8:19, 14:9, 25:1, 26:14, 38:10-19, 53:8; Lk 16:22-28, 24:5; Jn 6:39-40; Rm 4:16-21; Heb 6:13-19, 11:39-40.+12:28Lit he.+12:29Lit hear. ME(OTB)/IT. “‘To hear,’ in Hebrew lexicography, is tantamount to ‘to obey,’ especially in covenant contexts such as this” ( NAC, 162).+12:29Or The Lord is unique, or The Lord our God is one Lord. Cf Ex 15:11; Dt 3:24, 7:9, 10:17, 32:30-31; 1 Sm 2:2; 2 Sm 7:22; 1 Ki 8:23; 2 Ch 6:14; Jr 10:6. For a summary of the interpretive options here, see NET Bible Notes, Dt 6:4; UBSHS (Dt), 138. In the Scriptures, there isn’t a sharp division between God’s uniqueness and “set-apartness” from the false gods and his status as the only uncreated Being who alone deserves worship. Cf, eg, Ex 15:11; Dt 4:32-40, 32:30-31; 1 Sm 2:2; 2 Sm 22:31-33; Ps 82, 89:6-8.+12:30See note at Mt 22:37. The same applies here.+12:30Dt 6:4-5+12:31Lv 19:18+12:32Lit You have said in accordance with the truth that. Cf CJB, NLT.+12:32Dt 4:35; 1 Sm 2:2; Is 45:5+12:34Lit he.+12:34Cf Mt 13:52; Ac 6:7.+12:35Or How. Cf NCV, NLT.+12:36Lit in/by the Spirit. ME (see translation and notes at Re 1:10). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+12:36Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+12:37Lit him.+12:37Lit he.+12:37Cf Is 11:1, 10; Re 22:16.+12:38Lit he.+12:40Lit who devour the houses of widows. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 391).+12:40Or a more severe condemnation.+12:41Lit the offering box/treasury. ME(H)/IT (see BSL, Jn 8:20, sv γαζοφυλάκιον; NAC [Mk], 203; NET Bible Notes, Mk 12:41; UBSHS [Mk], 393; Vincent, Word Studies, 1:220).+12:41Lit he.+12:41Lit were putting in many things.+12:42Lit two lepta, which is a quadrans. ME. Cf HCSB. “The lepton was the smallest and least valuable Gk coin in use. The quadrans, 1/64 of a daily wage, was the smallest Roman coin” ( HCSB footnote).+12:43Lit he.+12:43Lit than all those who are putting into the receptacle.+12:44Lit from that which abounds to them. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+12:44Lit out of her poverty all she had. ME (see note at “anyway” earlier in this verse).+13:1Lit he.+13:2Lit There will surely not be left here stone upon stone, which will not surely be torn down, or, A stone will surely not be left here upon a stone, which will not surely be torn down. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 396).+13:2Cf Dn 9:26; Ac 6:14.+13:4Or be consummated/reach their consummation, or come/be brought to their conclusion, or come/be brought to completion.+13:5Cf Jr 23:13, 32; Ezk 13:10; Mt 7:15-20; 2 Pt 2:1-3.+13:6Lit many people, or many. The adjective has been translated substantivally here. The context indicates that false messiahs, in contrast to the true Messiah, are in view.+13:7Cf Dn 9:26.+13:7Or the end, or its termination. See note at Mt 24:6. The same applies here.+13:8Possibly an allusion to Is 19:2. Cf 2 Ch 15:5-6; Dt 28:6-7, 19, 49-57; Is 10-24; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10; Re 6:1-4. If this is in fact the case, it would suggest that Is 10-24 is one of the sections of Scripture that Jesus has in his mind when he uses the phrase the “beginning of birth pains.”+13:8Cf Is 24, 29:6; Ezk 38:19-20; Hg 2:21; Mk 13:8; Lk. 21:11; Re 6:5-17, 8:5, 11:13, 11;19, 16:18.+13:8Cf Is 26:19, 42:10-17, 66:5-13; Mic 5:2-15; Lk 20:36; Rm 8:18-25.+13:9Cf Mt 10:17; Ac 4:1-31, 5:17-41, 6:8-8:1; 2 Co 11:24.+13:9Cf Mt 10:18, 24:14.+13:10Or nations. Cf Mt 10:18, 24:14; Lk 21:12-13; Ac 9:15, 25:1-26:32; 2 Ti 4:16-17.+13:11Lit in/at that hour. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+13:11Cf Ac 4:13, 29; Eph 6:19.+13:12Cf Mic 7:5-7; Mt 10:16-39.+13:13See note at Mt 24:13. The same applies here.+13:13Or delivered. Cf Mt 10:22; 2 Ti 4:6-8; Re 2:10.+13:14Dn 9:26-27+13:14Or he. The inflection used with the participle here is that which is used both for the masculine singular accusative and the neuter plural accusative. Both options break grammatical rules here, since the noun that the participle modifies (βδέλυγμα [ bdelugma]) is accusative singular neuter. This indicates that Mark most likely has one of two things in mind here. Either (1) he is pointing readers back to the individual military commander mentioned in Dn 9:26 (“the prince who is to come”; cf the MT and the LXX), and is breaking grammatical rules to make the connection explicit; or (2) he conceives of the “abomination that causes desolation” in terms of a single entity made up of a multiplicity of entities. Luke’s account favors option 2 (with the commander, of course, assumed as the leader of the collective entity): “When you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies” (Lk 21:20, HCSB). It may be worth noting that στρατοπέδων [ stratopedōn] (the word translated as “armies” in Luke 21:20) is a neuter noun, inflected in the plural at Lk 21:20 (in the genitive, as a prepositional object of ὑπὸ [ hupo]).+13:14Cf Dn 9:26-27 (cf MT and LXX); Mt 24:15; Lk 21:20.+13:16Gn 19:26 (LXX). Cf Lk 17:31. This exact phrase is found in the LXX account of the story of Lot.+13:16Cf Gn 19:26; Lk 17:31-32.+13:17Lit having in the womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23. 50).+13:17Lit in those days. ME. See note at Mt 24:19. The same applies here. Cf NCV.+13:19Lit those days.+13:19Lit from the beginning of the creation that God created. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+13:19Cf Ex 10:14; Lam 4:6; Ezk 5:9; Dn 9:12; Jl 2:2. See note at Mt 24:21.+13:20Lit the days.+13:20See notes at Mt 24:22.+13:20Lit the days.+13:20Or for the sake of.+13:20Or the chosen people. Cf Gn 18:17-18, 22-33; Dt 7:7-9, 10:14-15; Ps 105:6, 106:5, 135:4; Is 1:9, 6:13, 48:9, 65:8; Jr 5:1, 31:36; Ezk 22:30; Zc 13:8-9; Ml 3:6; Rm 11:1-6, 28; Ac 13:17.+13:20Cf Gn 18:17-18, 22-33; Ex 19:5; Dt 7:7-9, 10:14-15, 14:2; Ps 105:6, 135:4, 145:43; Is 1:9, 6:13, 41:8-9, 44:1, 48:9, 65:8; Jr 5:1, 31:36; Ezk 22:30; Am 3:2; Ml 1:2-3, 3:6; Mt 21:43; Jn 6:41-45, 15:16; Rm 11:1-6, 28.+13:21Cf Mt 24:26; Lk 17:23; Ac 5:35-37; 21:38.+13:24The use of two far demonstratives in this verse indicate that two contrasted time-frames have been mentioned or alluded to previously in the discourse. The flow of the discourse and the use of θλῖψις [ thipsis] in v 19 indicate that the second demonstrative is clearly pointing readers back to vv 9-23 (cf esp v 19). The first most likely points back to the second clause in v 4 and the introductory statement concerning the cosmic level signs in v 7. Matthew’s use of the development marker in Mt 24:8 confirms that this is most likely the case.+13:24Lit in those days. ME. Cf NLT.+13:24Is 13:10. Cf Jb 9:6-10; Ps 19:1-6; Ezk 32:7; Jl 2:10, 2:31, 3:15; Ac 2:20; Am 5:20, 8:9; Zp 1:15; Rm 1:18-20; Re 6:12, 8:12.+13:25Is 34:4. Cf Is 14:12, 24:21, 34:5; Eph 2:2, 6:12; 2 Pt 3; Re 6:13, 8:10-12, 9:1, 12:7-12.+13:26Or in, or with. Cf NLT. In the NT, there is sometimes substantial semantic overlap between ἐπί ( epi) (which is used at Mt 24) and ἐν (en) (which is used here and at Lk 21:27), depending on the context (see L-N, 83.23, 83.9, 83.47).+13:26Cf Ezk 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23.+13:27Or messengers.+13:27Or chosen people.+13:27Cf Dt 30:4; Is 11:11-12, 27:12-13, 66:18-24; Ezk 37; Mt 13:37-43; 1 Co 15:52; 1 Th 4:13-18; Re 14:14-20. Cf also the Targums at Dt 30:4.+13:28Lit parable. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+13:29Cf Lk 21:28-31.+13:31Or the sky.+13:31Or the land.+13:31See note at Mt 24:35. Cf Gn 6:13, 9:11; Ps 72:5, 17, 89:36-37, 102:25-28, 148:6; Is 24:1-3, 34:4-5, 65:17-25, 66:22; Jr 31:35-36, 33:20-21; 1 Co 7:31; Heb 1:10-12; Jm 1:10; 1 Pt 1:24; 4:7; 2 Pt 2:6, 3:13;1 Jn 2:17; Re 12:7-10, 21:1-4.+13:32Lit that day and hour. ME (see note at Mt 24:36).+13:32Cf Dn 12:4, 9; 1 Pt 1:10-12.+13:32Cf Zc 14:6-7.+13:33Cf Dn 9:1-4; Rm 13:11-14; 1 Th 5:4-11; Re 3:2-3, 16:15.+13:33Cf Dn 9:20-23, 12:4, 12:9; Am 3:7; Mal 4:5; 1 Pt 1:10-12; Re 11:3.+13:34Cf Mt 16:18-19; 1 Co 4:1-2.+13:34Cf 1 Co 3:5-9.+13:34Cf Rm 13:11-14; 1 Th 5:4-11; Re 3:2-3, 16:15.+13:35Cf Dn 9:20-23, 12:4, 12:9; Am 3:7; Mal 4:5; 1 Pt 1:10-12; Re 3:3, 11:3.+13:36Cf Rm 13:11-14; 1 Th 5:4-11; Re 3:2-3, 16:15.+14:1Lit were after two days. ME. Cf NIV.+14:1Lit him.+14:3Lit he.+14:5Lit three hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24; NET Bible Notes, Mk 14:5). Cf NIV.+14:6Lit a beautiful deed.+14:7Lit Me you do not have always/at all times.+14:10Lit him.+14:11Cf Mt 26:15.+14:11Lit him.+14:12Cf Ex 12:18; Mk 14:1; Lk 22:1.+14:12Lit the Passover. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see Ex 12:21). Cf TEV.+14:13Lit he.+14:14Lit wherever he enters. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+14:14Or master.+14:14Or room for guests.+14:16Lit he.+14:17Lit he.+14:18Lit the one eating with me. ME/IT. Cf NCV, NET, NLT.+14:19Lit They.+14:19Lit surely not I? ME (see note at Mt 26:22). Cf CJB, TEV.+14:20An allusion to Ps 41:9.+14:20Lit he.+14:21Lit go. ME(I/F). Here ὑπάγω ( hupagō) is being used as a euphemism for death (see BDAG, 1028, sv 3). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+14:21Cf Jn 17:12.+14:22Lit he.+14:22Or after praising God. Lit after blessing. ME (see note at Mt 14:19).+14:24Cf Ex 24:6-8; Is 54:10; Jr 31:31-34; Ezk 37:26; 2 Co 3; Heb 8, 10:29, 13:20.+14:24Or on behalf of, or in place of. In the Koine era, there was substantial overlap in meaning between ὑπὲρ ( huper) and ἀντὶ ( anti) (see Wallace, Grammar, 383-9). Since Mt uses περὶ ( peri) in this statement (which touches on the representative aspect of the sacrifice), I have translated ὑπὲρ ( huper) here such as to convey the substitutionary aspect.+14:24This is most likely an allusion to Is 53:12 (cf LXX) and/or Dn 9:27 (LXX). Cf Mt 20:28; Rm 5:15-21.+14:25Lit no longer. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+14:25Cf Ge 49:10-12; Is 25:6-9; Jr 31:12; Jl 3:18; Am 9:13-15; Lk 22:16; Jn 2:11; Re 19:9.+14:26Lit And when they had hymned. ME(H) (see note at Mt 26:30).+14:27Or stumble, or take offense. So throughout this section. Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14, 28:16; Mt 11:6; Lk 2:34-35; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+14:27Zc 13:7+14:31Lit they all. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+14:32Lit a place. IT. Cf NLT.+14:32Lit he.+14:33Cf Is 53:3; Heb 5:7.+14:34Cf Ps 42:11, 43:5.+14:34Or keep alert, or be watchful. So throughout this section.+14:35Or began praying, or kept praying.+14:36Or began saying. Cf Heb 5:7.+14:36Lit Take this cup from me. ME(I/F) (see notes at Mt 20:22 and 26:39).+14:36Cf Is 53:10; Heb 5:7.+14:37Lit found them.+14:38Lit that you may not enter into temptation. ME (see note at Mt 26:41; cf NCV, NLT). Cf Mt 24:42; Mk 13:33; Lk 21:26; 1 Co 10:13; Th 5:4-6; Jm 1:12-18; Re 16:15.+14:38Lit the flesh. ME (see note at Mt 26:41).+14:40Lit them.+14:40Lit for their eyes were weighed down. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.69). Cf HCSB, LEB, NET, NLT, TEV.+14:41Lit hour. ME (see ANLEX, 415, sv ὥρα 2, 3).+14:44IT. Here, φιλέω ( phileō) means to greet with a kiss (a custom common in many cultures) (see L-N, 34.62). Cf NLT.+14:45Lit he.+14:45Lit to him.+14:46Lit they. Cf ISV, NIV, NCV, NLT.+14:46Lit threw their hands on. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 37.110).+14:46Lit him.+14:48Or thief, or criminal, or rebel.+14:49Cf Ps 22; Is 53; Zc 13:7.+14:50Lit they.+14:51Lit with him.+14:51Lit wrapped only in a linen cloth/shirt/sheet around his naked body. ME/IT (see ANLEX, 349, σινδών 1; BDAG, 208, sv γυμνός 3, and 924, sv σινδών 2; L-N, 6.155; M-M, 133, sv γυμνός, and 575, sv σινδών; UBSHS (Mk), 459).+14:51Lit they. ME. Cf NCV, NLT; UBSHS [Mk], 459+14:52Lit Leaving behind. ME. Cf CJB, NLT.+14:52Lit he.+14:52Cf Re 3:17-18, 17:16.+14:56Lit against him.+14:56Lit their testimonies were not equal. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+14:59Lit not thus. ME. Cf ISV, NET, NRSV.+14:61Lit he.+14:62Or I myself am. Cf Ex 3:14. ἐγώ εἰμι ( egō eimi) here has been interpreted as an allusion to the divine name in Ex 3:14 (cf NAC [Mk], 243; CJB, NLT). This is reflected in the translation.+14:62Ps 110:1+14:62Dn 7:13+14:64Lit What does it appear to you? ME. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NLT, NRSV, RSV.+14:64Lit ...him to be liable/guilty of death. ME (see L-N, 88.313). The language here is highly compressed. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+14:65Lit received/took him with blows/slaps. ME (see BDAG, 584, sv λαμβάνω 5; L-N, 19.4; UBSHS [Mk], 468). Cf HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, TEV.+14:68Lit he.+14:68Or forecourt, or gateway, or vestibule. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 470).+14:70Lit He.+14:71Lit He.+14:72Lit the word when Jesus said to him. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NCV.+14:72Or And breaking down, or And bursting into tears, or And covering his head, or And rushing out, or And when he thought about it. Cf LEB. The meaning here is unclear (see UBSHS [Mk], 472). BDAG states: “Prob. Mk intends the reader to understand a wild gesture connected with lamentation” ( BDAG, 368, sv ἐπιβάλλω 2.b.).+14:72Or he began to weep.+15:2Lit You [focal] say. ME (see notes at Mt 26:25). The same applies here.+15:3Lit against him.+15:4Lit how many things. ME. Cf NLT.+15:4Cf Is 50:7-8, 53:7; 1 Pt 2:23.+15:6Lit at each feast. Cf NCV, TEV. Cf also Jn 18:39-40.+15:6Lit to them.+15:7Or revolutionaries, or rebels. Cf Ac 5:36-37, 21:38.+15:8Lit began asking just as he was doing [customarily] for them. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+15:11Lit he.+15:14Or even louder.+15:15Lit wanting to do what is enough. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 25.96; UBSHS [Mt], 480). Cf NCV, TEV.+15:16Lit him.+15:16Lit into the courtyard (that is, the Praetorium [ie, the governor’s headquarters, or residence, or palace] ). ME. Cf CJB, ISV, TEV.+15:17πορφύρα [ porphura] here refers to the reddish-purple military cloak worn by Roman soldiers (see BDAG, 855, sv; L-N, 6.169; UBSHS [Mk], 581).+15:17Lit after twisting together a victor’s crown made out of thorns/thorn plants/thorn branches. ME. Cf TEV.+15:21Lit They.+15:21Cf Rm 16:13.+15:21Lit his.+15:22Lit him.+15:24Lit They.+15:24Cf Ps 22:18.+15:24Lit casting lots for them, someone what might take. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, LEB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+15:25Lit the third hour. ME(H). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+15:26Lit The inscription of the charge against him was written. ME. Cf ESV, NASB, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV.+15:27Or revolutionaries, or thieves, or criminals, or rebels. See note at Mt 27:38.+15:27Some manuscripts have verse 28: “And the Scripture was fulfilled that says, ‘He was numbered with the transgressors’ ” (ESV).+15:29Or kept blaspheming.+15:29Lit at him.+15:29Cf Ps 22:7.+15:32Cf Lk 23:39.+15:33Lit When the sixth hour came. ME(H). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT, NCV, TEV.+15:33Lit until the ninth hour. ME(H). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, NLT, NRSV.+15:34Lit the ninth hour. ME(H) Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, NLT, NRSV.+15:34Ps 22:1+15:36Lit him.+15:36Cf Ps 69:21.+15:38Lit the curtain of the sanctuary. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Mt], 865). Cf Ex 26:31-33; Lv 16; 2Ch 3:14; Rm 3:21-26; Eph 1:7-10; Heb 9:3-8, 10:19-20.+15:39Lit centurion. ME(H) (see note at Mt 8:5). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+15:39Lit of him.+15:39Lit how he breathed his last. ME. Cf NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+15:39Or was a son of God.+15:40Or James the short/small, or James the less prominent.+15:41Lit he.+15:41Lit they.+15:41Or were ministering to him. Cf NET. Cf also Lk 8:3.+15:44Lit he.+15:44Lit the centurion. ME(H) (see note at Mt 8:5). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+15:44Lit he.+15:45Lit he.+15:45Lit had learned, or had found out. ME.+15:46Lit taken him down. ME. Cf NET, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+15:46Lit he.+15:46Lit cut out of the bedrock. ME. Here, “cut out” means to create an artificial cave or cavern by digging into the bedrock from the side (see UBSHS [Mk], 500). Cf Mt 27:60 (see esp HCSB).+15:47Lit where he. ME. Cf NET, NLT, TEV.
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