BHT with Abridged Translator’s NotesMark 12 =
12
“A Man Planted a Vineyard”
1 Then Jesus+ began speaking to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard.+ He put a fence around it and dug out a pit for a winepress and built a watchtower. Then he leased the vineyard+ to tenant farmers and went abroad. 2 The man+ sent to the tenant farmers, at the time of the grape harvest,+ a slave, to collect from the tenant farmers his portion of the fruit from the vineyard. 3 But seizing the slave,+ the tenants+ beat him and sent him back with nothing.+ 4 So he sent another slave to them once again. That slave, however, they struck on the head and treated shamefully. 5 The man+ sent yet another slave, but that one they killed—and so with many others, some of whom the tenants+ beat, others of whom they killed. 6 The man+ still had one person left: His dearly loved son. He sent his son+ to them last of all. ‘Surely they’ll respect my son,’ he thought. 7 Those tenant farmers, however, said to one another,+ ‘This is the heir! Come on, let’s kill him, and the inheritance will be ours!’ 8 So they seized him and killed him and threw his body+ outside the vineyard. 9 What then will the master of the vineyard do? He will come and put the tenant farmers to death and entrust+ the vineyard to others. 10 Haven’t ᵖyou read this Scripture:
“ ‘The stone the builders examined and rejected as worthless,
this stone turned out to be the cornerstone!
11 The LORD is the one who brought this to pass,+
and it is remarkable in our eyes!’+?”+
12 The religious leaders+ wanted to have Jesus+ arrested, but they were afraid of the crowd. They realized, you see, that they were the ones against whom he had spoken the parable. So they left him and went away.
“The Things That Are the Emperor’s Give Back to the Emperor, and the Things That Are God’s Give Back to God”
13 Then they sent to Jesus+ some of the Pharisees and some people who were politically loyal to the Herodian dynasty,+ to trap him in his own words. 14 They came to him and said, “Teacher, we know that you are a man of the utmost integrity, and that human opinion means nothing to you. Yes, you don’t compromise truth or justice for anyone, no matter how important they seem to be,+ but teach the way of God in accordance with the truth and only in accordance with the truth.+ Does the Torah permit us+ to pay taxes to the Roman Emperor,+ or not? Should we pay, or should we not pay?”
15 Recognizing their hypocrisy, Jesus+ said to them, “Why is it ᵖyou are trying to trap me?+ Bring me a denarius, and let me have a look at it.” 16 So, they brought him the silver coin. “Whose image is this,” he asked them, “and whose title inscribed?”+
“The Emperor’s,” they replied.
17 “The things that are the Emperor’s,” said Jesus, “give back to the Emperor,+ and the things that are God’s give back to God.”+ And they were utterly amazed at him.
“He Is the God Worshiped Not by the Dead, but by the Living!”
18 Some who belonged to the religious party+ called the Sadducees (whose adherents claim that the dead will not be resurrected)+ came up to Jesus+ and posed a question to him. 19 “Teacher,” they said, “Moses wrote for us that if a man’s brother dies and leaves behind a wife but no children, that man+ must marry the widow+ and father children+ for his brother.+ 20 Once there were seven brothers. The first one married+ and then died without children.+ 21 So the second brother married the widow,+ but he also died without children,+ and the third brother likewise. 22 In fact, none of the seven brothers left behind any children.+ Last of all, the woman herself died, too. 23 In the resurrection, when people rise to life, whose wife will the woman+ be, given that all seven had at one point been married to her?+”
24 “ᵖYou are deceived, aren’t you?” replied Jesus. “Yes, and this is why: Because you don’t understand the Scriptures or acknowledge the power of God. 25 When people have risen from the dead, you see, they aren’t going to marry or be given in marriage, but will be in this respect like the angels in the heavens. 26 Now as for the matter of the dead being raised to life,+ surely ᵖyou have read in the book of Moses, haven’t you, in the passage about the burning bush, how God said to him, ‘I AM the God of+ Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob’+? 27 He is the God not of the dead, but of the living!+ ᵖYou are very greatly deceived.”
“There Is No Other Commandment Greater Than These”
28 One of the Torah-experts came up and heard them debating. When he saw how well Jesus+ answered them, he posed a question to him: “Which is the most important commandment of all?”
29 “The most important one,” replied Jesus, “is ‘Hear and obey,+ O Israel! The LORD our God, the LORD is one!+ 30 ˢYou+ are to love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength!’+ 31 The second is this: ‘ˢYou are to love your neighbor as yourself.’+ There is no other commandment greater than these.”
32 “Well said, Teacher!” replied the Torah-expert. “ˢYou have spoken in full accordance with the truth in saying+ that he is one, and ‘there is no other besides him.’+ And to love him with all your heart and with all your understanding and with all your strength, 33 and to love your neighbor as yourself, mean far more than indeed all the burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34 Jesus, then, when he saw how wisely the man+ answered, said to him, “ˢYou are not very far at all from the Kingdom of God.”+ No longer did anyone dare pose him a question.
“How Can the Messiah Be His Son?”
35 Jesus said some very weighty things while teaching in the temple courts: “Why+ do the Torah-experts say that the Messiah is the son of David? 36 David himself said while under the power+ of the Holy Spirit,
“ ‘The LORD said to my Sovereign,+
“Continue sitting at my right hand
until I put ˢyour enemies under your feet.” ’
37 Even David himself calls the Messiah+ his ‘Sovereign,’ and so how can the Messiah+ be his son?”+ And the large crowd was listening to him with delight.
“These Will Receive a More Severe Punishment”
38 As Jesus+ taught, he said, “Watch out for the Torah-experts, who like to walk around in long robes and like elaborate greetings in the market areas 39 and the seats of honor in the synagogues and the places of honor at feasts. 40 They who rob widows of their livelihood+ and pray on and on and on just for show, these will receive a more severe punishment.”+
“This Destitute Widow Has Put In Far More Than Indeed All the Others”
41 After sitting down in the Court of Women across from the trumpet-shaped receptacles in which contributions to the temple were collected,+ Jesus+ watched as the crowds put their coins into the mouth of the trumpets. A large number of rich people were putting in more and more coins,+ 42 when a destitute widow came along and put in two tiny copper coins worth next-to-nothing.+ 43 Calling his disciples over to himself, Jesus+ said to them, “Amen, I solemnly tell ᵖyou this: This destitute widow has put in far more than indeed all the others who are putting in coins.+ 44 All of them, you see, merely put in this: What they never really needed anyway.+ She, however, put in this: All that she had and truly did need,+ everything she had to live on.”
+1:1Cf Ac 1:22.+1:2Ml 3:1+1:3Lit the paths, or your paths. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 3:3).+1:3Is 40:3+1:5Or confessing.+1:5Cf Ps 32:3.+1:8Or in.+1:9Lit In those days. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 56). Cf NIV, NCV.+1:10Lit he.+1:10Or the skies. So throughout this section.+1:11Or the skies. So throughout this section.+1:11Cf Gn 22:2, 16; Is 42:1.+1:12Lit him.+1:13Cf Ge 21:15-19; 1 Ki 19:5-8; Ps 78:23-25, 91:11; Lk 22:43; Heb 1:14.+1:14Cf Ps 40:9-10 (see LXX); Is 40:9, 52:7, 61:1 (see LXX); Rm 1:1.+1:15Cf Dn 2:21, 9:24-27; Ga 4:4; Eph 1:10.+1:15Cf Is 13:6-9; Dn 2:34-35, 44-45; Jl 1:15, 2:1, 2:11, 2:31, 3:14; Ob 15; Zp 1:7-9, 14-18; Ml 4:5; Mt 5:20-24; Lk 10:11-12, 21:31; Rm 13:12; 1 Pt 4:7.+1:15Cf ISV. It must be remembered here that Jesus is addressing a Jewish audience familiar with the OT and the promises of the covenants.+1:15Lit in the gospel. ME(OTB)/IT. In both the OT and NT, the “gospel” isn’t just a generic message, but relates specifically to the promises of the covenants. Cf Gn 12:1-3, 22:18, 26:4, 28:14; 2 Sm 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 40:9-10 (cf LXX), 89, 132; Is 40:9, 52:7, 61:1 (cf LXX); Ac 7:5, 13:23, 13:32, 26:6; Rm 1:1, 4:14-16; 2 Co 1:20; Ga 3:7-29 (see esp vs 8); Tit 1:2; Re 10:7. Cf πιστεύετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ( pisteuete en euangeliō) here with ἐπίστευσαν ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ ( episteusan en tois logois autou) at Ps 105:12 in the LXX (Ps 106:12 in the MT), and with the HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT, and TEV renderings of the MT there.+1:15Cf Is 40:27-31; Hab 2:3.+1:16Lit he.+1:16Lit and Andrew the brother of Simon.+1:17Lit Come after me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+1:21Lit he.+1:22Lit they.+1:24Or Leave us alone! Lit What to us and to you? ME(I/F) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 8:28). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+1:24Lit Did you come, or Have you come. Cf TEV.+1:25Lit to him.+1:26\ Or after.+1:26Lit him.+1:30Lit immediately. ME. Cf TEV.+1:32This was a Sabbath (cf Mk 1:21, 29). Healing was forbidden on the Sabbath (see, eg, Mt 12:2, Jn 9:16), and therefore the people had to wait until evening to bring the sick to Jesus.+1:32Lit to him.+1:34Lit he.+1:35Lit he.+1:38Lit he.+1:39Mark really seems to love this aspect of Jesus’ ministry!+1:40Lit to him.+1:40Lit he.+1:41Or Jesus was moved with compassion. Lit Being moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072). An independent clause has been used in translation to allow for more natural expression of the idiom in English.+1:41Lit he.+1:42Lit him.+1:43Lit him.+1:43Lit he.+1:44Lit show yourself to the priest. ME(OTB) (see Lv 14:1-32). Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 224). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+1:44Lit the things. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 14:1-32). Cf NIV, TEV.+1:44Cf Lv 14:1-32.+1:44Or as proof, or as a witness, or as a testimony.+1:44Or to them.+1:45Lit he.+1:45Lit word.+1:45Lit he.+1:45Lit they.+2:1Lit he.+2:1Lit it was heard. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, NCV, TEV.+2:2Lit He.+2:2Or the word.+2:3Lit they. Cf ISV, NET.+2:4Lit he.+2:7Lit why. The rhetorical impact intended by the question here is more effectively conveyed in English with something like “how dare.” Cf CJB, TEV; UBSHS (Mk), 78; translation and notes at Lk 5:21.+2:7Lit Who can forgive sins except God alone? ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:8Lit in his spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Jn], 212).+2:10Or know, or realize.+2:10Or on the earth. Cf Ps 2, 8; Dn 7:13-14.+2:12Lit he.+2:13Lit beside the lake. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:14Lit follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+2:14Lit he.+2:14Lit he.+2:15Lit his.+2:15Lit For they were many and were following/accompanying him. ME. Cf CJB, NLT. For a discussion of the interpretive options here, see UBSHS (Mk), 86.+2:16Lit the scribes of the Pharisees. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 2:16).+2:17Lit came to call/invite, or have come to call/invite. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+2:17Or to invite.+2:18Lit they. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:18Lit to him.+2:20Lit days. Here ἡμέραι ( hēmerai) is being used in its generic sense of “time” (see, eg, BDAG, 438, sv 4). Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV.+2:20Lit at/on/in that day.+2:21Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NIV, RSV.+2:22Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NIV, RSV.+2:23Lit he.+2:23Lit to make a road. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 96). Cf NIV, TEV.+2:26Cf Lv 16:32; 1Sa 21:1-6; 2 Sa 8:17;1 Ch 24:6.+2:26Cf Ex 25:30; Lv 24:5-9; 1Sm 21:6.+2:26Lit which is forbidden for [one] to eat, except...+2:26Cf Lv 24:5-9.+2:27Lit man. ME. Cf CJB, NRSV, TEV.+3:1Lit he.+3:1Lit dried up. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+3:2Lit they. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+3:2Lit him.+3:2Lit him.+3:2Lit in order to accuse him.+3:3Lit he.+3:4Lit Which is lawful? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+3:4Or to do evil?+3:5Lit the hardness/calloused state/insensitivity of their heart. ME(H/OTB). “People in the ancient Near East viewed the heart as the seat of emotions, the intellect, and the will” (see FSB, Ex 4:21; cf ANLEX, 215, sv καρδία 2; Ibid, 340, sv πώρωσις; FSB, Mk 3:5; Ex 4:21; for a good example of the close interrelationship between emotion, will, and understanding that is assumed in the Scriptures, see Proverbs 2). In modern Western culture, we tend to associate the heart with the emotions and perhaps even the will, but not so much with the mind, intellect, and understanding. (In fact, heart and mind are often viewed in contradistinction to one another.) Some translations try to compensate at this point by using “mind” in translation (see, eg, the NCV and TEV at Mk 6:52 and 8:17).+3:5Cf Ex 32:9-14; Dt 9:13-14.+3:5Lit he.+3:6Lit went out and began giving counsel against him. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:9Lit they. Cf NIV, TEV.+3:12Lit him not to make known. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 110). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+3:13Lit he.+3:13Or wanted. Cf Lk 6:13.+3:14Lit to be with him. ME. Cf ISV, NLT.+3:20Lit so that they.+3:20Lit were not able to eat bread. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:21Lit they were saying. The subject here has been interpreted as an impersonal plural (for a brief discussion of the interpretive options here, see UBSHS [Mk], 116). This is reflected in the translation.+3:21Lit he.+3:21Or For they were saying, “He’s lost his mind.” Cf Jn 6:41-70.+3:22Lit He has Beelzebul. Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+3:23Lit he.+3:26Or rebels, or rises up.+3:26Lit he is going to have his end, or he has his end, or he will certainly have his end. The meaning here is not the end of Satan’s existence, but the end of his power and kingdom (see UBSHS [Mk], 121).+3:27Or the strong man’s.+3:28Lit the sons of men. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 122). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, TEV.+3:28Lit blasphemies.+4:1Lit he.+4:2Lit And he was saying to them in his teaching. ME. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ αὐτο ( en tē didachē autou) here is active in meaning (ie, it is referring to “the act of teaching” and to “the thing taught”) ( UBSHS [Mk], 128). Cf CJB, ISV.+4:5Lit did not have much soil. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 403).+4:6Lit because it did not have root. ME. Cf NET.+4:9Lit He who has ears, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+4:10Lit he.+4:11Cf Dn 2:17-47, 4:9; Rm 11:25, 16:25; 1 Co 4:1-2, 13:2, 14:2, 15:51; Eph 1:9, 3:3-9, 5:32, 6:19; Col 1:26-27, 2:2, 4:3; 1 Ti 3:9, 16; Re 1:20, 10:7, 17:5.+4:12Lit it. IT.+4:12Is 6:9, 10.+4:14Or word, or teaching. So throughout this section.+4:15Lit those who. Masculine inflections are used throughout the explanation of the parable, since people are meant. Throughout this section, “the seed” is used in translation for the sake of clarity and to aid information flow.+4:17Lit And they have no root in themselves. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:17Or fall away. Cf Jb 2:9; Ps 118:22; Is 28:16; Mt 11:2; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+4:21Lit he.+4:22Lit For there is not anything hidden except that it may be disclosed. ME. Cf ISV.+4:22Lit nor has become concealed but that it may come out into the open. ME. Cf ISV.+4:22Cf Dt 29:29; Pr 25:2; Dn 2:21-22.+4:23Lit If someone has ears to hear, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+4:24Lit See what you are hearing. ME (see BDAG, 179, sv βλέπω 4, 6).+4:24Lit By which measure you measure it will be measured to you, and it will be added to you. ME. Cf NLT. Following here the lead of the NLT, which, in my opinion, captures the meaning of this saying in this context very well. Cf Jsh 1:8; Ps 1:2, 19:14, 49:3, 119:18; Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-2, 52; Rm 15:14; 1 Co 1:5.+4:25Lit He who has, it will be given/entrusted/granted to him. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+4:25Cf Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-12, 13:52, 25:29; Eph 1:7-9, 16-18.+4:25Lit He who does not have, even what he has. ME/IT (see translation and notes Mt 13:12).+4:25Cf Ho 4:4-6, 6:7-10; Mic 3:9-12; Zp 3:4; Mal 2:7-9; Mt 21:33-46; Rm 11:7-15, 25.+4:27Lit and he is sleeping and getting up night and day. VPR (see VCC [Mk 4:27]). The meaning here is “‘sleep in the night and rise in the day’” (see UBSHS [Mk], 146).+4:29Lit the fruit.+4:29Lit As soon as the fruit permits. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:29Cf Jl 3:13; Ho 6:11; Mt 13:36-43; Re 14:15.+4:30Lit Or by/with what parable. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:30Lit put. ME (see BDAG, 1003, sv τίθημι 1.b.α.). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:31Lit which.+4:32Lit the birds of the sky. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, 13:32). Cf NCV, NET.+4:32Dn 4:12, Ezk 17:23+4:32Cf Is 2:2-4, 42:1-4, 49:5-6; Ac 10:9-15.+4:33Lit he.+4:33Or word, or teaching.+4:33Or to hear, or to understand.+4:35Lit said to them.+4:36Or took him along, just as he was, in the boat. Cf HCSB, TEV. Following the interpretation favored by the UBSHS (see UBSHS (Mk), 152; cf NET Bible Notes, Mk 4:36) in translation here.+4:36Lit were with. ME (see BDAG, 636, sv μετά 2.a.γ.א; UBSHS [Mk], 152).+4:37Lit and. The translation here is based on the context. Cf TEV.+4:37Lit and the waves were breaking into the boat, so that already the boat was being filled.+4:38Lit He.+4:38Lit sleeping on a cushion. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 154). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:38Lit They.+4:39Lit he.+4:39Lit the lake, or the sea. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:39Cf Jb 38:8-11; Ps 104:5-9; Jr 5:22.+4:40Lit to them.+4:41Lit They.+4:41Lit and the lake, or and the sea. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:41Cf Gn 1:9, 8:1-5; Jb 38:11; Ps 18:15, 89:9, 93:4, 102:5-7, 106:9, 107:29; Jr 5:22.+5:1Lit the region of the Gerasenes. ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 8:28, Mk 5:1).+5:2Lit He.+5:2See note at Mt 8:28. Cf NCV, TEV.+5:3Lit he.+5:3Lit had his dwelling. ME. Cf most English translations.+5:5Lit And through all night and day.+5:6Lit he.+5:7Or Leave me alone! Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 8:29).+5:7Or tormented, or tortured.+5:8Lit for. IT. Cf NCV, TEV.+5:8Or had repeatedly said, or was saying.+5:9Lit he.+5:10Lit with him.+5:12Lit They.+5:12Lit with him.+5:13Lit He.+5:13Lit in the lake/sea. Cf NLT.+5:14Lit they.+5:16Lit them.+5:17Lit with him.+5:18Lit he.+5:18Lit with him.+5:19Lit he.+5:19Cf Gn 12:1-3, 22:18, 26:4, 28:14; Ex 34:6; Is 42:6-9, 43:10-11, 49:6-7.+5:20Lit he.+5:20Lit in the Decapolis (“Ten Cities”). ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:25).+5:22Lit him.+5:23Lit has finally, or is at an extreme. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 23.151; UBSHS (Mk), 169). Cf most English translations.+5:23Or delivered, or saved.+5:24Lit he.+5:25Lit who had been in a flow of blood. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 9:20). Cf Lv 15:25-30.+5:27Lit she.+5:28Or saved, or delivered.+5:29Lit And immediately her flow of blood dried up. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+5:30Or perceiving in himself.+5:31Lit and yet you ask. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 174). Cf NLT.+5:34Lit he.+5:35Lit they.+5:36Or overhearing.+5:36Lit the word/message being spoken. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:36Or keep trusting, or keep believing.+5:37Lit He.+5:40Lit He.+5:41Or get up, or arise.+5:42Lit And they were in awe with great awe, or And they were astonished with great astonishment. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, NIV, TEV.+5:43Lit he.+6:1Lit He.+6:3Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14; 28:16; Mt 11:6; Lk 2:34; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+6:6Lit he.+6:6Lit And he was going around the villages in a circuit. ME. Cf NIV, NLT.+6:9Lit but having put on. Cf ISV, NLT.+6:9Lit two tunics, or two inner garments. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+6:10Lit there, or in that place. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+6:10Lit leave from there/that place. ME. Cf NET.+6:12Lit they.+6:14Lit the king. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+6:14Lit his.+6:14Lit They. Cf most translations.+6:17Lit had sent and arrested John. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+6:18Lit It is not lawful. ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+6:18Cf Lv 18:16, 20:21.+6:19Lit against him.+6:20Lit he.+6:20Lit to him.+6:20Or was at a loss, or was confused. ἀπορέω ( aporeō) in this context is most likely referring to worry and anxiety. (Note the statement that “he was afraid of John”; cf L-N, 32.9; UBSHS [Mk], 196.) Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, TEV.+6:22Lit the king. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+6:24Lit she.+6:24Lit She.+6:25Lit she.+6:27Lit his.+6:27Lit he.+6:29Lit his.+6:30Lit gathered to. IT. A return is implied here. CJB, ESV, LEB, NLT, RSV, TEV.+6:31Lit and they.+6:32Lit according to that which is private. ME (see note at Mk 4:10).+6:33Lit there, or to that place.+6:33Or on foot.+6:34Lit he.+6:34Or he was moved with compassion for them. Lit he was moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072).+6:35Lit When it had already become much hour. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 67.77). Cf HCSB, ISV, NASB, NET.+6:35Lit and the hour is already much. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 67.77).+6:36Lit them.+6:37Lit Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread and give them to eat? The question here is most likely rhetorical and exclamatory, not a request for permission (see UBSHS [Mk], 205). This interpretation is reflected in the translation. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT.+6:37Lit he.+6:37Lit two hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24).+6:39Lit He.+6:41ME(H)/IT. The “loaves” were not long like those in supermarkets today, but were small and round. (One person might normally eat three during a meal.) Five loaves might have been enough for two people (see L-N, 5.8; UBSHS [Mt]), 460.+6:41Or pickled. ME(H)/IT. The fish were not raw, but were cooked or pickled (see UBSHS [Mt], 460; UBSHS [Mk], 205).+6:41Lit he.+6:41Or heaven.+6:41Or and asked God’s blessing upon them, or and praised God. Lit blessed. ME (see BSL, Mt 14:19, sv εὐλογέω; UBSHS [Mt], 461; translation and notes at Mk 10:16).+6:41Lit to them.+6:42Lit And all ate and were satisfied. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462). Cf CJB, NLT.+6:43Lit they.+6:43Lit took up, or removed, or carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+6:45Lit he.+6:46Lit to them. Cf TEV.+6:47Lit He.+6:48Lit around the fourth watch of the night. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:25).+6:48Or pass by.+6:49Lit they.+6:50Lit he.+6:50Or I AM. See note at Mt 14:27. The same applies here. Cf Gn 1:1-10; Ex 3:14-15, 23:21; Jn 1:1-3, 17:6.+6:51Lit They.+6:53Lit came. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+6:53Lit at Gennesaret. ME(H)/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 14:34).+6:54Lit they.+6:54Lit him.+6:55Lit where they heard he was. ME. Cf NET.+6:56Lit they.+6:56Lit the tassel. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 14:36). Cf Nu 15:37-41, Dt 22:12.+7:1Lit around him.+7:3ἐὰν μὴ πυγμῇ νίψωνται τὰς χεῖρας (ean mē pugmē nipsōntai tas xeiras) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and therefore an adverb has been used to give extra focus to this element (the clause has been rendered positively to allow for this).+7:3Lit with the fist, or in the proper way. For a discussion of similar practices in modern Orthodox Judaism, see Stern, JNTC, Mk 7:2.+7:3Lit the tradition of the elders. ME(H) (see note at Mt 15:2).+7:4Or washed themselves. Lit baptized. ME (see BDAG, 164, sv βαπτίζω 1; L-N, 53.31; UBSHS [Mk], 222). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+7:4Lit many other things. ME. Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV.+7:4Lit received to hold/observe/adhere. Cf HCSB, LEB.+7:4Lit the baptism. ME. Cf NLT.+7:4Or dining couches. Some manuscripts omit “couches reclined on at meals/dining couches.” For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, Mk 7:4.+7:5Lit ...not walk according to the tradition of the elders? ME(H) (see note at Mt 15:2).+7:5Lit their bread. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+7:6Lit he.+7:7Is 29:13+7:9Lit You splendidly/well reject. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:9Cf Rm 10:3.+7:10Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16+7:10Ex 21:17; Lv 20:9+7:11Lit that is, a gift. ME(H)/IT (see L-N, 53.22; NAC [Mk], 116, NAC [Mt], 238; NET Bible Notes, Mk 7:11; UBSHS [Mk], 228). Cf HCSB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+7:15Some manuscripts have verse 16: “If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear” (ESV).+7:17Lit he.+7:18Lit In the same way. ME (see BDAG, 742, sv οὕτω 1.b.).+7:18“Disciples” is drawn from the plural “you” here.+7:21Or evil thoughts, or evil ideas, or evil designs, or evil reasonings. Cf LEB.+7:22Lit an evil eye. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 6:23).+7:22Or slander.+7:24Lit he.+7:26Or a Gentile, or a Greek.+7:26Lit a Syrophoenician by race/nation/people. ME. Cf NET, NRSV.+7:26Lit him.+7:27Cf Rm 1:16.+7:29Lit word. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, TEV.+7:29Lit he.+7:30Lit she.+7:31Lit he.+7:31Lit through the region of the Decapolis (“Ten Cities”). ME(H) (see FSB, Mt 4:25; HNTC, 46; Robertson, Word Pictures, Mt 4:25; TCBC, 399).+7:32Lit They.+7:32Lit on him.+7:33Lit he.+7:33Lit him.+7:33Lit away from the crowd according to that which is private. ME. Cf ESV, NIV, NET, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+7:33Lit his.+7:34Or to heaven.+7:34Lit he.+7:34Or sighed.+7:34Lit to him.+7:35Lit his.+7:35Lit the chain of his tongue was loosed. ME(I/F). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT.+7:36Lit He.+7:36Lit them. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:36Lit they were proclaiming [it] even more. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:1Lit In those days. ME (see note at Mk 1:9). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+8:1Lit he.+8:2Or I am moved with compassion for. Lit I am moved in the inward parts. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072).+8:6Lit he.+8:6IT (see note at Mt 15:36).+8:6Lit to serve, and they served it to the crowd. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+8:7Or pickled. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 15:36).+8:7Lit he.+8:7Or had asked God’s blessing upon. Lit had blessed. ME (see note at Mt 14:19).+8:8Lit And they ate and were satisfied. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 14:20).+8:8Lit they.+8:8Lit took up, or removed, or carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+8:9Lit he.+8:9Lit them.+8:11Lit with him.+8:11Or from the sky. Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+8:12Or sigh.+8:12Lit And groaning/having groaned (or sighed) deeply/intensely in his spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 251).+8:12Lit he.+8:12Cf Dt 6:16; Is 7:12, 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Am 5:18; Hab 3:11; Mal 3:15; Mt 15:1-4, 24:29; Lk 21:11; Ac 5:9; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+8:12ME (OTB)/IT (see BDAG, 278, sv εἰ 4; JFB, Mk 8:12; Robertson, Word Pictures, Mk 8:12; UBSHS [Mk], 251; Wuest, Word Studies, Mk 8:10). This is an example of aposiopesis (see Robertson, Grammar, 1024). Following the NIV’s rendering of self-imprecatory statements in the Old Testament in the rendering of the IT here. See, eg, 2 Sm 3:9, 3:35, 19:13; 1 Ki 2:23; Ru 1:19.+8:14Lit They.+8:15Lit he.+8:16Lit they.+8:17Lit he.+8:17Lit Do you have your heart hardened? See note at Mk 3:5.+8:18Cf Is 42:18-19, 43:8; Jr 5:21; Ezk 12:2; Mt 13:13.+8:19Cf Mk 6:30-44.+8:19Lit …did you take up? or …did you remove? or …did you carry? See note at Mk 6:43. The same applies here and in v 20.+8:19Cf 1 Ki 17:11-16.+8:22Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+8:22Lit to him.+8:22Lit him.+8:23Lit he.+8:23Lit his.+8:24Or after looking up/around. The context makes it clear that the man hasn’t fully regained his sight yet.+8:24Lit he.+8:24Lit I see men, for I see [them] walking around like trees. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 258). Cf HCSB, ISV, LEB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:25Lit He.+8:25Lit his.+8:25Lit he.+8:25Or looked intently, or stared with eyes open wide.+8:26Lit he.+8:30Lit he.+8:31See note at Mt 16:21. The same applies here.+8:31Cf Ps 22; Is 53.+8:31See note at Mt 21:42. The same applies here.+8:31Ps 118:22+8:31Cf Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-8; Dt 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+8:31Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4, 20.+8:33Or after.+8:33Lit he.+8:33Lit turning around. Cf the CJB at Mt 16:23. The fact that Jesus is turning toward the other disciples from a location off to the side indicates that hevis turning his back on Peter here. The words “get behind me,” therefore, are coupled with a powerful visual demonstration.+8:33Lit things. See note at Mt 16:23. The same applies here.+8:34Lit he.+8:34Lit follow after me. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 4:19, 10:38, and 16:24). Cf HCSB, NET, NLT.+8:34Cf Jn 6:66.+8:35Or wants, or intends, or purposes.+8:35Or for.+8:36Lit What benefit/profit/advantage/value/worth is it...? See note at Mt 16:26. The same applies here.+8:36Or suffer the loss of.+8:36Cf 1 Ti 6:8-10, 17-19.+8:37Cf Ps 49:7-9.+8:38Lit of him.+8:38Cf Is 40:5; Ek 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23; Dn 7:13-14.+8:38Cf Mt 13:41.+9:1Or before, or until. See note at Mt 16:28. The same applies here.+9:1See note at Mt 16:28. The same applies here.+9:1Cf Is 4:4:2-6, 60:1; Dn 2:34-35, 2:44-45, 7:21-22; 1 Co 4:20; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Pe 1:16-20.+9:2Lit according to that which is private alone. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 272).+9:3Lit of such sort.+9:5Cf Lv 23:42.+9:5Μωϋσεῖ ( Mōusei) is in an embedded focal position (see BART Display), and therefore καὶ (kai) has been used as a spacer to give extra focus to this element.+9:7Cf Ex 13:21-22, 14:19-24, 19:16-18, 20:18, 24:15-18, 33:9-10, 40:28-29; 2 Ch 7:1; Dt 4:33, 5:24-26; Is 4:2-6; Ezk 1:4-6, 25-28; Mt 17:5.+9:7Lit Hear him. ME (see L-N, 36.14).+9:9Lit he.+9:10Lit they.+9:10Or The order they obeyed, arguing among themselves...; or The matter they kept to themselves, arguing... Cf NASB.+9:11Lit him.+9:11Cf Ml 4:5-6.+9:12Ml 4:6. Cf LXX.+9:12Ml 4:6 makes it clear that the “things” “turned back” or “brought back” are “hearts.” Cf Dt 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:37-38; 2 Ki 1:1-16; Ml 4:6, Re 11:3-6. Cf also the NET’s rendering of Ml 4:6.+9:12Cf Ps 22; Is 53; Lk 24:26-27.+9:13Cf Lk 1:17+9:13Lit did to him as many things as they wanted. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 543).+9:14Lit When they.+9:15Lit him.+9:16Lit He.+9:18Lit it.+9:19Lit he.+9:19Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:20Lit him.+9:21Lit his.+9:21Lit From childhood. ME (see L-N, 67.153). Cf NCV, NLT.+9:21Lit he.+9:22Lit It.+9:22Or often throws.+9:22Lit into [with submergence implied]. The concern here is not that the boy has been falling into shallow water, but that the demon has tried to drown the boy. I have signaled this in translation with “under.” Cf UBSHS (Mk), 286.+9:25Lit You mute and deaf spirit. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 288). Cf ISV.+9:26Lit it.+9:26Lit him.+9:26Lit he.+9:27Lit him.+9:28Lit he.+9:28Lit according to one’s own/what is private. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 290).+9:28Lit drive it out.+9:29Lit he.+9:29Some manuscripts add “and fasting” (ESV).+9:30Lit he.+9:31Or when, or after.+9:32Lit they.+9:32Lit But they didn’t understand the statement. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT.+9:33Lit him.+9:33Lit them.+9:33Lit on the road. ME (see BDAG, 691, sv ὁδός). Cf CJB.+9:35Lit he.+9:36Lit he.+9:36Lit around him.+9:37Lit in my name. ME (see notes at Mt 10:41). Cf also Mk 9:41. Note that in both Mt 10:41 and Mk 9:41, the idiom applies to the person who is being received.+9:38Lit since he was not accompanying us. ME (see note at Mt 4:19; UBSHS [Mk], 297). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:41Lit gives you a cup of water in name. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 10:41-42; cf Mt 18:5). Cf CJB, HCSB, NASB, NET, NRSV, RSV.+9:42Lit little ones, or small ones. ME (see note at Mt 10:42).+9:42Cf 2 Co 11:1-6.+9:43Some manuscripts have verses 44 and 46 (which are the same as v 48). For a brief discussion of the manuscript variants here, see NET Bible Notes at Mk 9:44.+9:48Lit the worm of them. Though some degree of possession is implied here, this isn’t the primary function of the genitive here. “Them” is the object of an implied verb (“feeding”) (see UBSHS [Mk], 304). Cf TEV.+9:48Is 66:24+9:49Some manuscripts add “and every sacrifice will be salted with salt” (ESV).+9:49Cf Gn 19:26; Ex 30:35; Lv 2:13; Nu 18:19; Dt 29:23; Jg 9:45; 2 Ki 2:21; 2 Ch 13:5; Jb 39:6; Ps 11:6; Jr 17:6; Ezk 38:22, 43:24; Zp 2:9; Lk 17:28-32; 2 Pt 2:6, 3:5-12; Re 16:8-9, 20:14.+9:50Or good. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 305).+9:50“In the ancient world...what was often sold as salt was highly adulterated and the sodium chloride could leach out in humid weather, in which case the residue (normally a form of lime) would be useless” ( L-N, 5.25).+9:50Cf Mk 9:33 above; Rm 12. Remember, this whole discussion originated because the disciples were arguing about who would be the greatest.+10:1Lit he.+10:1Lit as he was accustomed. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+10:2Lit Is it lawful...?. ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+10:4IT. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:4Dt 24:1.+10:6Or when creation began. Lit at/from the beginning of creation. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, and TEV at Mk 13:19.+10:6Lit he.+10:6Gn 1:27+10:8Gn 2:24+10:10Lit And back into the house, or And into the house again. ME (see UBSHS [Mk]), 312. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+10:11Cf Mt 5:31-32.+10:12Lit she.+10:12Here Mark is most likely extending the application of Jesus’ teaching for Gentile readers, since according to Jewish law only a man could initiate a divorce (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:12; UBSHS [Mk], 314). “As such it may be an interpretive and parenthetical comment by the author rather than part of the saying by Jesus, which would stop at the end of v. 11. As such it should then be placed in parentheses” ( NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:12).+10:13Lit they.+10:13Lit to him.+10:13Lit scolded them. See note at Mt 19:13. The same applies here.+10:16Lit around them. Here Jesus is most likely in a seated position, receiving the kids into his arms and blessing them while they sit on his lap (see UBSHS [Mk], 317).+10:16Lit he.+10:16Lit blessed. ME(H) (see Stern, JNTC, Mk 10:16; UBSHS [Mk], 316).+10:16Or invoked a blessing over each of them as he placed his hands on them, or blessed each of them by placing his hands on them. Jesus is mostly likely placing his hands on their heads (see Stern, JNTC, Mk 10:16; UBSHS [Mt], 598).+10:17This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+10:19Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17+10:19Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18+10:19Ex 20:15; Dt 5:19+10:19Ex 20:16; Dt 5:20+10:19Or you must not defraud. This is most likely an allusion to Dt 24:14 (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:19) and/or passages like Lv 19:13 and Ml 3:5. Cf Jm 5:4.+10:19Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16+10:20Lit he.+10:20Lit since my youth. ME. Cf ISV. Most likely from the time of his bar-mitzvah (see NAC [Mk], 163; UBSHS [Mk], 320).+10:21Lit at him.+10:21Or felt love. Cf CJB, NET, NLT. Here the aorist tense is functioning inceptively. It is mostly likely conveying some sort of expression or display of affection (see BDAG, ἀγαπάω 1.b.α.; UBSHS [Mk], 320).+10:21Cf Mt 6:16-18; Lk 14:14; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+10:21Lit come follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+10:21Cf 1 Ki 19:19-21.+10:22Lit Having become gloomy in appearance at the word. ME. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:23Cf 1 Ti 6:9-10.+10:26Lit they.+10:28Lit began saying to him. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+10:30Lit life in the coming age. Because the “age to come” has already been stated in the temporal frame, “unending” has been used translation here.+10:32Lit they. Cf NIV, NLT, TEV; UBSHS (Mk), 328.+10:32Lit he.+10:35Lit to him.+10:38Lit the baptism. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.82; M-M, 102, sv βαπτίζω; UBSHS [Mk], 332).+10:38Cf Php 3:10-11; Heb 11:35.+10:39Lit the baptism. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.82; M-M, 102, sv βαπτίζω; UBSHS [Mk], 332).+10:42Lit dominate them.+10:42Lit their great men. ME(H) (see L-N, 87.40). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+10:42Lit them.+10:45Cf Ps 49:7-9, Heb 2:9-15.+10:45Or in place of, or in exchange for. ἀντί ( anti) here is most likely being used in its primary sense of substitution/exchange (for discussion, see Wallace, Grammar, 365-8).+10:45This is most likely an allusion to Is 53:12 (cf LXX).+10:45Cf Gn 2:16; Ps 49:7-9; Is 53:10-12; Mt 26:28; Rm 5:15-17; 1Ti 2:6; Tit 2:14; Heb 2:9-15, 9:28.+10:46Lit he.+10:49Lit Call him. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+10:50Lit he.+10:52Or delivered, or saved.+10:52Lit he.+10:52Lit him.+11:1Lit he.+11:3Lit he will send it. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Mt], 638; UBSHS [Mk], 343).+11:4Lit they.+11:4Or a gate.+11:5Lit some of those who were there standing. ME. Cf CJB, NASB, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+11:6Lit They.+11:6Lit they.+11:7Lit They.+11:7Lit on it. Cf TEV.+11:7Lit he.+11:8Cf 2 Ki 9:13.+11:8Cf Lv 23:40.+11:9Lit him.+11:9Ps 118:25-26+11:10Cf 2 Sa 7; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132.+11:10Lit Hosanna. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:9).+11:10Ps 148:1+11:11Lit He.+11:11Lit because the hour was already evening. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+11:12Lit he.+11:13Lit something. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:13Lit he found nothing. ME. Cf NLT.+11:13Cf Is 5:2.+11:14Lit to it.+11:14Cf Is 5:1-7.+11:15Lit he.+11:15Lit in the temple complex. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:12).+11:17Or all the nations.+11:17Is 56:7+11:17Jr 7:11+11:18Lit him.+11:19Lit they (ie, Jesus and his disciples).+11:21Lit to him.+11:23IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+11:24Lit whatever you are praying and asking. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 357). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT.+11:25Lit And whenever you are standing praying. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 357).+11:25Lit have against someone something. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 133).+11:25Some manuscripts have verse 26: “But if you do not forgive, neither will your Father who is in heaven forgive your trespasses” (ESV).+11:30Lit heaven. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:25).+11:30Lit was it from heaven or from men? ME (see note at Mt 21:25).+11:31Lit him.+11:32Lit they were afraid of the crowd.+11:32Lit they all.+12:1Lit he.+12:1Cf Is 5:1-7.+12:1Lit it.+12:2Lit He.+12:2Cf NLT.+12:3Lit him.+12:3Lit they.+12:3Cf 2 Ch 24:19, 36:15-16; Ne 9:26; Jr 37:15, 38:6.+12:5Lit He.+12:5Lit they.+12:6Lit he.+12:6Lit him.+12:7πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς ( pros heautous) is in P2 (see BART Display), and has therefore been italicized for extra focus and emphasis.+12:8Lit threw him. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+12:9Or give, or assign.+12:11Lit This came about/come to pass from the Lord. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:11Ps 118:22-23+12:11Cf Is 42:5-9, 43:16-21, 48:6-7.+12:12Lit they. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV. Cf also Mt 21:45.+12:12Lit him.+12:13Lit to him.+12:13Lit the Herodians. ME(H) (see note at Mt 22:16).+12:14Lit you do not look at the face of men. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 30.120; UBSHS [Mt], 683). Cf Ex 23:6-8; Dt 16:19; Is 11:3.+12:14Or truly, or faithfully, or in truth, or sincerely. Cf 2 Co 2:17; 1 Th 2:1-12.+12:14Lit Is it right...?, or Is it lawful...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10). Cf CJB, TEV.+12:14Or to Caesar.+12:15Lit he.+12:15Or Why are you putting me to the test?+12:16Lit and whose inscription? ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 22:20).+12:17Cf Ex 20:4; Lv 26:1; Dt 27:15; Mt 17:25; Rm 13:7.+12:17Cf Gn 1:26; Rm 8:29, 12:1-2; 1 Co 11:7; Col 3:10.+12:18ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 344, sv Σαδδουκαῖος; L-N, 11.48).+12:18Lit who say there is no resurrection. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 687). Cf ISV, TEV.+12:18Lit to him.+12:19Lit his brother. Cf NET, NIV, NRSV.+12:19Lit the woman. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:19Lit raise up seed. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.59).+12:19See Dt 25:5+12:20Lit took a woman/wife. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 12:19). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+12:20Lit and when he died, he did not leave behind seed. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:21Lit took her.+12:21Lit died without leaving seed. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+12:22Lit And the seven did not leave seed. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:23Lit she.+12:23Lit since the seven had her as a wife? Cf most English translations.+12:26Lit Now as for the dead, namely, that they are going to be raised. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:26See note at Mt 22:32.+12:26Ex 3:6+12:27See note at Mt 22:32. Cf Gn 15:5-8; Ex 15:2; Dt 10:21; 1 Sm 28:8-20; 2 Sm 12:23; 1 Ch 29:13 Ps 6:5, 30:9-12, 16:10, 27:13, 49:14-15, 52:5, 63:4, 71:19-24, 88:3-12, 94:17, 104:33, 115:17, 116:9, 142:5, 146:2; Ec 9:10; Is 8:19, 14:9, 25:1, 26:14, 38:10-19, 53:8; Lk 16:22-28, 24:5; Jn 6:39-40; Rm 4:16-21; Heb 6:13-19, 11:39-40.+12:28Lit he.+12:29Lit hear. ME(OTB)/IT. “‘To hear,’ in Hebrew lexicography, is tantamount to ‘to obey,’ especially in covenant contexts such as this” ( NAC, 162).+12:29Or The Lord is unique, or The Lord our God is one Lord. Cf Ex 15:11; Dt 3:24, 7:9, 10:17, 32:30-31; 1 Sm 2:2; 2 Sm 7:22; 1 Ki 8:23; 2 Ch 6:14; Jr 10:6. For a summary of the interpretive options here, see NET Bible Notes, Dt 6:4; UBSHS (Dt), 138. In the Scriptures, there isn’t a sharp division between God’s uniqueness and “set-apartness” from the false gods and his status as the only uncreated Being who alone deserves worship. Cf, eg, Ex 15:11; Dt 4:32-40, 32:30-31; 1 Sm 2:2; 2 Sm 22:31-33; Ps 82, 89:6-8.+12:30See note at Mt 22:37. The same applies here.+12:30Dt 6:4-5+12:31Lv 19:18+12:32Lit You have said in accordance with the truth that. Cf CJB, NLT.+12:32Dt 4:35; 1 Sm 2:2; Is 45:5+12:34Lit he.+12:34Cf Mt 13:52; Ac 6:7.+12:35Or How. Cf NCV, NLT.+12:36Lit in/by the Spirit. ME (see translation and notes at Re 1:10). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+12:36Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+12:37Lit him.+12:37Lit he.+12:37Cf Is 11:1, 10; Re 22:16.+12:38Lit he.+12:40Lit who devour the houses of widows. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 391).+12:40Or a more severe condemnation.+12:41Lit the offering box/treasury. ME(H)/IT (see BSL, Jn 8:20, sv γαζοφυλάκιον; NAC [Mk], 203; NET Bible Notes, Mk 12:41; UBSHS [Mk], 393; Vincent, Word Studies, 1:220).+12:41Lit he.+12:41Lit were putting in many things.+12:42Lit two lepta, which is a quadrans. ME. Cf HCSB. “The lepton was the smallest and least valuable Gk coin in use. The quadrans, 1/64 of a daily wage, was the smallest Roman coin” ( HCSB footnote).+12:43Lit he.+12:43Lit than all those who are putting into the receptacle.+12:44Lit from that which abounds to them. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+12:44Lit out of her poverty all she had. ME (see note at “anyway” earlier in this verse).
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