6
“The Son of Man Is Lord of the Sabbath”
One Sabbath, while Jesus+ was passing through some grainfields, his disciples began picking and eating the heads of wheat, rubbing off the husks+ in their hands. Some of the Pharisees said, “Why are ᵖyou doing what is forbidden on the Sabbath?”
“Surely ᵖyou’ve read, haven’t you, what David did when he was hungry—he and those with him, too?” Jesus replied to them. “When he entered the house of God, what was it that he received and ate and gave to those who were with him?+ The very Bread of the Presence, which is forbidden to be eaten by anyone except+ the priests.”+ Then he said to them, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”
“Which Does the Torah Permit on the Sabbath: To Do Good, or to Do Harm?”
On yet another Sabbath, Jesus+ went into the synagogue and began to teach, and a man was there whose right hand was shrunken and paralyzed.+ Well, the Torah-experts and the Pharisees were watching him closely to see if he would heal on the Sabbath, so that they could have something of which to accuse him.+
Jesus,+ however, knew what they were thinking.+ “Get up and stand where everyone can see you,+” he said to the man whose hand was paralyzed.+ The man+ did so.+ Then Jesus said to them, “I have a question for ᵖyou.+ Which does the Torah permit+ on the Sabbath: To do good, or to do harm?+ To save a life, or to destroy it?” 10 After looking around at all of them, he said to the man,+ “Stretch out your hand.” The man+ did so, and his hand was restored! 11 The Pharisees and Torah-experts,+ though, were beside themselves with rage and began discussing with one another what they might do to Jesus.
“He…Chose for Himself Twelve of Them, Whom He Designated Apostles”
12 Now it was during this time that Jesus+ went out to the mountainside to pray, and he spent the whole night praying to God. 13 At daybreak, he called to himself his disciples and chose for himself twelve of them, whom he designated apostles: 14 Simon, whom he named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James, and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew, 15 and Matthew, and Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon, who was called the Zealot, 16 and Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who later became a traitor.
“Jesus...Directed His Attention to His Disciples and Said”
17 Jesus+ came down the mountain with these men+ and stopped at+ a level place. A large crowd of his disciples had gathered along with+ a vast multitude of people from all over Judea and from Jerusalem and from the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon. 18 They+ had come to listen to him and to be healed of their diseases. Those tormented by unclean spirits were being healed, 19 and the entire crowd was trying to touch him, because power was coming out from him and healing everyone.
20 Jesus,+ then, directed his attention to+ his disciples and said:
“Blessed are you…”
“Blessed are you who have been crushed,+
for ᵖyou will surely possess the Kingdom of God.+
21 Blessed are ᵖyou who are hungry now,
for you will in due time eat as much as you want.++
Blessed are ᵖyou who weep now,
for you will in due time rejoice with laughter.+
22 “Blessed are ᵖyou when people hate you and when they exclude you+ and insult you and slander+ you as evil because of the Son of Man. 23 Rejoice when that happens+ and leap for joy,+ because a great reward is stored away for ᵖyou in heaven. The same kind of things,+ you see, were done to the prophets by their ancestors.+
“Woe and calamity to you…”
24 “But woe and calamity to ᵖyou who are at ease in your riches,+
for you have already received all the consolation you will ever get.++
25 Woe to ᵖyou who eat your fill now,
for ᵖyou will in due time be hungry.+
Woe to ᵖyou who rejoice with laughter now,
for you will in due time mourn and weep.
26 “Woe and calamity when, in regard to ᵖyou, all people speak nothing but praise.++ The same kind of praise and honor,+ you see, was lavished on the false prophets by their ancestors.+
“I say to you, however, who are listening”
27 “I say to ᵖyou, however, who are listening: Keep on loving ᵖyour enemies. Continually do good to those who hate ᵖyou. 28 Keep blessing those who curse you. Keep praying for those who mistreat you. 29 If someone strikes ˢyou on one cheek, offer him the other as well, and if someone takes your cloak, let him have,+ too, your inner garment. 30 If anyone is pleading with ˢyou for some help,+ give,+ and if someone takes what belongs to ˢyou, don’t demand it back. 31 However ᵖyou would want others to treat you, keep treating them likewise. 32 If ᵖyou love only those who love you, what credit is that to you yourselves? After all, even sinners love those who love them. 33 Likewise, if ᵖyou do good only to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you yourselves? Even sinners do that! 34 And if ᵖyou lend only to those from whom you expect repayment,+ what credit is that to you yourselves?+ Even sinners lend to sinners in the expectation of getting back what they lend.+ 35 No! Keep on loving your enemies and doing good to them and lending to them without expecting anything in return. Then ᵖyour reward will be great, and you will show yourselves to be+ children+ of the Most High. He, after all, is kind to the ungrateful and wicked. 36 ᵖYou are to be merciful,+ just as your Father himself is merciful.+ 37 Don’t condemn+ others, and ᵖyou will surely not be condemned. Don’t withhold mercy+ from others, and it will certainly not be withheld from ᵖyou. Forgive, and ᵖyou will be forgiven. 38 Give, and it will be given to ᵖyou. It will be given back to you like grain poured into the fold of ᵖyour garment in very generous amounts—pressed down, shaken together to make room for more, running over.+ The amount ᵖyou deal out to others, you see, is the amount that will be dealt back out to you.++
39 He also told them this parable: “One blind person can’t guide another blind person, can he? Of course not. Both will fall into a pit. 40 A disciple is not above his teacher. Rather, when any disciple has been fully trained, he will turn out like his teacher.
41 “Why do ˢyou gawk+ at the speck in your brother’s eye, but give no consideration+ to that beam of timber in your own eye? 42 How in the world can ˢyou say to your brother, ‘Brother! Let me remove the speck that is in your eye,’ when you yourself can’t+ even see that beam in your own eye? You hypocrite! First remove the beam from your own eye; only then will you see clearly enough to remove the speck that is itself in the eye of your brother or sister.
43 “In regard to these things, a tree is not good if it is producing bad fruit, nor is a tree diseased if it is producing good fruit.+ 44 Indeed, here is how every tree is recognized: By its own fruit. Figs aren’t gathered from thornbushes, you see, nor are grapes picked from shrubs with thorns. 45 A good person produces good things from where? Out of the good stored up in his heart.++ And a wicked person produces wicked things from where? Out of the wickedness stored up in him. It is out of the overflow of the heart, you see, that the mouth speaks.
46 “Now, how foolish+ it is for ᵖyou to address me with, “Lord, Lord,” but not do what I command. 47 Anyone who comes to me and hears my teachings+ and obeys them—I will show ᵖyou what he is like. 48 He is like a man building a house, who dug down deep and laid the foundation on bedrock. Now when a flood came, the torrent struck that house but was unable to shake it, because it had been built well. 49 If someone hears my teachings and does not obey them, however, he is like a man who built a house right on top of the ground without any foundation. As soon as the torrent struck it,+ it collapsed. And the ruin of that house was great.”
+1:1IT. Luke is written as a letter to a man named Theophilus (see UBSHS [Lk], 11). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:1Or matters.+1:1Or concerning the events that have been fulfilled/accomplished/taken place among us; or concerning the events that have been fully proclaimed among us. Cf KJV. For more on the interpretive options here, see BDAG, 827, sv πληροφορέω 1.a.; DBL Greek, #4442; ESL, #4135; UBSHS (Lk), 8.+1:1Cf Heb 11:1.+1:2Or of the message, or of the word, or of the teaching. Following McGirr, τοῦ λόγου ( tou logou) here has been interpreted as an insider reference to Jesus (see McGirr, Ten Ways, 60). This makes sense especially considering that “of the Word” is used with “eyewitnesses.” Cf Jn 1:1-3; Ac 1:21-2.+1:2The direct object is implied from the context. Cf ESV, HCSB, NKJV.+1:2Cf Ac 15:24, 21:17-21, 23:29; 1 Co 4:1-4, 11:2, 15:1-2; 2 Co 11:4, 12-15; Gal 1:6-9, 2:4-5, 5:7-14; Php 3:1-3, 3:17-4:1; Col 1:23, 2:2; 1 Th 1:4-7; 2 Th 2:14-15; 1 Ti 1:3-7, 4:7; Tit 1:14 2 Pt 1:16. Cf the translation here with McGirr’s trajectory of interpretation and translation of these verses (McGirr, Ten Ways, 54-63). Though I don’t entirely agree with McGirr’s analysis or all of his translation choices in this opening section of Luke, his claim that Luke is warning Theophilus against questionable accounts being by produced people besides the apostles is quite plausible.+1:3Or I too.+1:3Or from the beginning.+1:3Cf 1 Ti 4:6; 2 Ti 3:10.+1:4Or informed.+1:5Lit the days. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+1:5Cf 1 Ch 24:10.+1:5Lit was of the daughters of. ME (see L-N, 10.31). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV.+1:7Lit was barren, or was sterile. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:7Lit both of them were advanced in their days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8Lit Now it happened that. EFE. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV. The phrases kai egeneto or egeneto de function in a variety of ways in Luke’s gospel (for a summary description, see UBSHS [Lk], 22). Corresponding EFEs are used throughout the translation of Luke, depending on the context.+1:8Lit Now it happened that when he was serving as priest in the order of his priestly division before/in the presence of God. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NRSV.+1:8Cf 1 Ch 24:10, 19; 2Ch 8:14, 31:2.+1:9Cf Ex 30:7-8.+1:10Lit hour. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV.+1:11Lit to him.+1:11Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+1:12Lit fear fell upon him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:13Cf Dn 9:20-23.+1:13IT. In Hebrew, John’s name means “Yahweh is gracious,” or “Yahweh has shown favor” (see FSB, Lk 1:13; UBSHS [Lk], 31).+1:14Lit And there will be to you joy and gladness. ME.+1:15Cf Nm 6:3; Jg 13:3-5; Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33.+1:15Cf Lk 1:41, 44.+1:16Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 11.58). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NRSV, TEV.+1:17Lit will go before him. ME.+1:17Lit in/by the Spirit and power of Elijah. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 36; translation and notes at Re 1:10). Cf TEV. πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει ( pneumati kai dunamei) is an example of hendiadys. Hendiadys is “the expression of an idea by the use of usually two independent words connected by and (as nice and warm) instead of the usual combination of independent word and its modifier (as nicely warm)” ( Miriam-Webster’s, sv). In view here, moreover, is not the human spirit, but the Spirit of God (see UBSHS [Lk], 36).+1:17Cf 2 Ki 2:9, 2:15.+1:17Or to turn the hearts of the fathers back to the children. Cf Dt 30:2; Ml 4:4 (NET). Following the lead of the NET at Ml 4:6 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Ml 4:6). The prophetic focus of the Torah is on repentance that extends across generational lines within the nation (see, eg, Dt 30:2; 1 Ki 18:36-40; cf “remember the Law of my servant Moses” at Ml 4:4).+1:17Cf Lv 26:40-42; Dt 4:29-31, 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:36-39; Ne 1:9; Is 55:7; Jl 2:12-13.+1:17Or attitude, or mindset, or wisdom, or understanding, or prudence. Cf REB in ESS (Lk), 32.+1:17Cf Ezk 3:20-21; 18:21-32, 33:8-19.+1:17Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Jn 3:28-9; Re 19:7-8.+1:18Lit advanced in her days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+1:20Cf Gn 18:9-14.+1:21Lit were wondering at his being delayed. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:22Lit remained mute/dumb. ME (see L-N, 33.106). Cf most English translations.+1:23Lit the days. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NCV, TEV.+1:24Lit After these days. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 46). Cf NET, TEV.+1:25Lit Thus the Lord has dealt with me. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf Gdspd; NLT; Phps.+1:25Lit in days in which. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf TEV.+1:25Or favor.+1:25Lit to remove my disgrace among men. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:25; UBSHS [Lk], 47). As is true of many cultures today, among the Jewish people of this time barrenness carried a stigma with it. Cf Lv 20:20-21; Jr 22:30.+1:26Lit In the sixth month. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 48; NAC [Lk], 82; NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:26; cf vv 24-5, 36). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:27Lit betrothed to. ME(H) (see note at Mt 1:18).+1:27Lit Joseph from the house of David. ME(I/F/OTB)/IT (see BSL, Lk 1:27, sv οἶκος; L-N, 10.24; NET Bible Notes, 2 Sm 7:11). In this context, “house” doesn’t just mean family line, but royal lineage and dynasty. This is important in light of vv 32-3. Cf TEV.+1:28Lit He.+1:28Lit greetings, or hail. ME(H) (see note at Mt 26:49). Cf CJB.+1:29Lit She.+1:29Lit of what sort this greeting might be. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 52-3, 553). Cf ISV, NCV, NEB, NLT, NET.+1:31Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+1:31Lit conceive in the womb. ME (see L-N, 23.49). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:31IT. See note at Mt 1:21.+1:32Lit This one.+1:32Or ancestor, or forefather.+1:33Cf Is 14:1, 29:22, 46:3-4.+1:33Cf 2 Sm 7; 1 Ki 2:12; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 9:2-7; Jr 33:17.+1:34Lit since I am not knowing a man. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.61). Cf HCSB.+1:35Lit come upon you, or come over you. ME. Following the lead of L-N (see L-N, 15.83) and the UBSHS (see UBSHS [Lk], 60), an ME has been used here to avoid sexual connotations. Cf note at Mt 1:18.+1:35Cf Ex 40:35; Ps 91:1; Lk 9:34.+1:35Cf 2 Sm 7; Ps 2.+1:36Cf HCSB, TEV.+1:36Lit in. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 62). Cf NCV, NET, TEV. The meaning here is obviously concessive.+1:36Lit barren. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+1:37Or nothing will be impossible from God. Cf ASV, NLT, REB.+1:37Cf Gn 18:14; Is 55:9-11; Jr 32:17, 32:27.+1:38Lit behold. Cf NEB, NRSV; UBSHS(Lk), 63; most English translations at Mt 12:49.+1:38Lit according to your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:42Lit the fruit of your womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.38). Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+1:43Lit Yet from where/why to me this. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 68). Cf NIV, NLT.+1:45Or who trusted, or who believed.+1:45Lit that there would be a fulfillment to the things that have been spoken to her from the Lord. ME (see BDAG, 997, sv τελείωσις 2). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+1:49Cf Lv 22:32; 1 Ch 16:10; Ps 29:2, 30:4, 33:21, 97:12, 103:1, 105:3, 111:9, 145:21; Is 57:15; Ezk 36:20-23, 39:7, 39:25; Re 4:8.+1:50Or faithful love, or lovingkindness. Lit mercy. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:50, 72; note at Mt 5:48).+1:50Cf Ex 20:6, 34:6-7; Dt 5:9-10, 7:9-10; Ps 100:5, 103:11, 103:17; Jr 32:18; Dn 9:4.+1:51Cf Is 33:2; 40:10-11, 51:5, 52:10, 53:1, 59:16, 63:5. I have opted for a more literal rendering here because of the connection of this idea with the Messiah (cf, eg, Is 53:1, 63:1-6; Jn 12:38; Re 19:11-21).+1:51Lit the arrogant in the thoughts of their hearts. ME (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf ISV.+1:51Cf 2 Ch 32:25; Ps 18:27, 101:5; Pr 8:13, 16:5; Is 2:11-22, 13:11; Dn 4:37.+1:52Cf Ps 2, 149; Is 40:22-23; Dn 2:20-23.+1:54Cf Dt 4:30-31, Ps 102:13-17; Is 41:8, 44:1, 44:21, 45:4, 49:3-5; Ac 1:6.+1:54Lit his mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50). Cf Dt 4:30-31; Ps 25:6; Jr 31:20; Mic 7:18-20; Hab 3:2; Rm 11:28-32.+1:55Lit as he spoke. In this context, the things spoken are the promises of the covenant (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:55). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NCV, NLT.+1:55Or forefathers, or ancestors.+1:56Lit with her.+1:58Lit that the Lord had made large his mercy with her. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:59Cf Lv 12:3.+1:62Lit name him.+1:63Lit he.+1:64Lit his.+1:64Or began praising. VPR. See VCC (Lk 1:64). “The imperfect tense of elalei suggests that Zechariah continued to speak for some time” ( UBSHS [Lk], 86).+1:64Lit was speaking, praising. ME. The participle here defines the nature of the speech (see UBSHS [Lk], 86). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:65Lit all these events were being talked about. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:66Lit For the hand of the Lord was with him. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 76.3). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV. The “hand of the Lord” is an idiom for God carrying out some sort of powerful action either for or against someone (see, eg, Ex 9:3; Dt 2:15; Jsh 4:23-24, 22:31; Jg 2:15; 1 Ki 18:46; 2 Ki 3:15; 1 Ch 21:13-14; Ezr 7:6; Jb 12:9; Is 25:10).+1:67Lit his.+1:68Lit make a ransom, or perform redemption. ME(OTB). In OT theology, when God is the one performing “redemption” or paying a “ransom,” the “ransom” or “price” that God “pays” to bring about someone’s “release” is his own mighty acts—as, for example, in the Exodus (see, eg, Dt 7:8, 9:26; Ps 78:42; Is 50:2). These acts, moreover, are performed freely as gracious acts because of God’s name and covenant faithfulness (see Dt 9:5), and cover a wide range of actions, including provision of a ransom that delivers someone from Sheol (eg, Ps 49:7); deliverance from enemies of various kinds (eg, Ps 55:18); and the future deliverance of Israel (eg, Is 51:11). For further discussion, see TWOT, 715-17. See also ANLEX, 249, sv λύτρωσις; BDAG, 606, sv λύτρωσις 1; L-N, 37.128.+1:69Or has visited and performed…and has raised up (effective aorists). Though one could argue for an effective aorist here based on Zechariah’s presumed knowledge of the baby in Mary’s womb, the Messianic function highlighted in this prophecy (“deliverance from our enemies”), the promises of vv 71-5, the shift to the future indicative in v 76, and the simple fact that Zechariah is prophesying, all favor a proleptic function in this context, with the aorist possibly pointing back to the recent events as the basis for the certainty of the accomplishment of the yet future acts of deliverance.+1:69Lit a horn of salvation. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 91). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:69Lit house. ME (see note at Lk 1:27). The same applies here.+1:70Lit spoke. ME. Here promises are again in view (see note at Lk 1:55). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:71Lit salvation, or deliverance. σωτηρίαν ( sōtērian) is in an appositional relationship to κέρας ( keras) in v 69 (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:69, 71, sv κέρας). I have made the connection explicit in translation.+1:71Lit hand. ME(I/F) (see DBL Hebrew, #5931.3; L-N, 76.3; UBSHS [Lk], 94). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:72Or thus showing steadfast love. Lit to do mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50).+1:72Or ancestors, or forefathers.+1:72Maintaining consistency in translation between this verse and v 54 (cf ESV, NASB, NKJV, NRSV, and RSV at Lk 1:54).+1:74Lit the hand. ME(I/F) (see not at 1:71 above).+1:74Cf Gn 32:20; Ex 3:6, 19:1-20, 24:10-11, 33:20; Lv 10:1-10, 16:1-34; Nu 18:3; Dt 5:24-26; Jg 6:22-23; Jb 9:32-35; Ps 11:7, 15:1-5, 24:3-4, 140:13; Is 33:14; Is 6:5; Jr 33:20-26, 50:4-5; Ezk 44:13-31, 45:1-5; Re 7:15, 22:4.+1:75Or in his sight, or before him.+1:75Cf Ps 132:9-16; Is 61:3,10; Zc 3:1-10; Ml 3:3-4.+1:76Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27.+1:77Or and to give.+1:77Cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8.+1:77Or in, or consisting in.+1:77Or by giving understanding of salvation to his people with regard to/in the forgiveness of their sins. While the statement “to give/cause knowledge of salvation” is most likely referring to John’s prophetic pronouncement, the gospels indicate that John’s ministry also included a significant amount of teaching and instruction (cf Mt 3 and Lk 3; remember, John was a Levite). Since the roles of teacher and prophet often overlap in Scripture, it is possible to interpret “giving knowledge of salvation” in terms of John giving instruction and understanding (cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8). In that situation, the meaning is that John gives them understanding concerning salvation—the need for it, the means of receiving it, the fruit it must produce, etc. Cf Mt 3:7-12; Lk 3:7-14.+1:78Lit because of the bowels of mercy of our God. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 25.49; note at Lk 1:50).+1:78Or by which.+1:78Or the dawn, or the rising sun. Cf Jr 23:5 (LXX), Zc 3:8, 6:12 (LXX); Ml 4:2. That this is a reference to the Messiah is clear. Less clear is whether it is an allusion to Ml 4:2, or to passages like Jr 23:5. Most translations seem to favor the first option, presumably because ἐπιφαίνω ( epiphainō) is used in the next clause. The UBSHS claims that the Branch interpretation “is not consistent with the idea of shining in the darkness in the next clause which clearly should be related to anatolē” ( UBSHS [Lk], 99). I disagree. ἐπισκέπτομαι ( episkeptomai) has already been used in v 68 to describe the visitation of the God of Israel through the Davidic Savior, and there clearly means a visitation from God to help his people. In Re 22:16, “Bright Morning Star” is in an appositional relationship to “Root and Offspring of David” (see LDGNT, Re 22:16; LSGNT Notes, Re 22:16, sv ἀστὴρ). “The Branch” is a Messianic title, and therefore if the Messiah shines, it means the Branch shines. I say this not because I am dogmatic in either direction, but simply to point out that the “Branch” is just as valid a candidate here as the “rising sun” or the “dawn.” One interesting fact that may also be worth taking into consideration on this matter, is that in addition to being prophesied in the Old Testament, the Messianic “Branch” is also part of the constellation Virgo (and constellations, obviously, shine!). I discuss this topic some in a seminar called “The Gospel in the Stars,” and in a children’s book entitled The Heavens Declare. Both can be found on the DTN website (www.danieltrainingnetwork.org).+1:79Lit in darkness and shadow of death. This is an example of hendiadys (see note at Mt 4:16). Cf Is 9:1-2, 42:6-7, 42:19; Mt 4:16.+1:79Or and to guide.+1:79Or to, or on. According to the LSGNT Notes, εἰς ( eis) here is either a preposition of direction or a preposition of location (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:79, sv).+1:79Cf 1 Sm 2:9; Jb 23:11; Ps 17:5, 25:12, 37:23, 44:8, 119:31, 121:3; Pr 1:16, 3:26, 4:26, 14:15, 16:9, 20:4; Is 59:7-8; Jr 10:23.+1:79Cf Is 42:7; Rm 2:19-20; Eph 1:17-18.+1:80Cf Mt 11:7-12, 14:1-4.+1:80Lit until the day of his public appearance. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:1Lit In those days. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:1Or Caesar.+2:4Lit house and lineage. ME/IT (see note a Lk 1:27).+2:8Lit watching watches during the night. ME/IT. Shifts or turns are implied by the plural form of the direct object here (see ESS [Lk], 80; Robertson, Word Pictures, Lk 2:7).+2:9Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+2:9Lit They.+2:10Lit I gospel to you great joy, which will be to/for all the people. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:12Lit This will be to you the sign. ME (see BDAG, 920, sv σημεῖον 1). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:13Lit a multitude of the army of heaven. ME (see L-N, 12. 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, TEV.+2:14Cf Ps 148:1.+2:14Or those on whom his favor rests, or people of goodwill.+2:17Or On seeing him, or On seeing them. The direct object is implied from the context here. Cf most English translations.+2:17Lit they.+2:20Lit praising God for all that they had heard and seen, just as it was spoken to them. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:21Lit And when eight days had been fulfilled to circumcise him. ME. Cf ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV+2:21Cf Gn 17:12; Lv 12:13.+2:21Lit before he was conceived in the womb. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV, NLT.+2:22Lit And when the days of their purification were fulfilled according to the Law/Torah of Moses. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12; UBSHS [Lk], 124). Cf Lv 12:4 (LXX).+2:22Lit him.+2:23Lit every male that opens the womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.45). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:23Ex 13:2, 12+2:24Lit and to give sacrifice according to what is said in the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12). As the UBSHS points out (see UBSHS [Lk], 128), τοῦ δοῦναι θυσίαν ( tou dounai thusian) here does not mean that Mary herself offered a sacrifice on the altar, but that she gave over sacrificial animals to the priest, who in turn offered the sacrifice (see Lv 12:8).+2:24Lv 12:8+2:25Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+2:25Or consolation, or deliverance. Cf NET.+2:25Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Ac 1:6.+2:26Lit would not see death. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Lit He.+2:27Lit to do according to what was customary of the Law/Torah concerning him. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Cf Ex 13:2, 11-16.+2:28Lit him.+2:29Lit dismiss. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Lk 2:29, sv ἀπολύω; UBSHS [Lk], 134). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:29Lit according to your word. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:31Cf Ps 98; Is 52:10.+2:32Cf Is 2:2-3, 42:4-6, 49:6; Mt 28:18-20; Lk 1:79; Ac 13:47; Rm 2:19; Eph 1:17-23, 4:17-18.+2:32Cf Is 42:6, 45:25, 46:13, and 49:6.+2:33Lit His.+2:34Or blessed. ME(H) (see not at Mk 10:16).+2:34Lit and to be a sign. ME(OTB)/IT (see FSB, Is 8:18; TWOT, 67, sv môpēt; UBSHS [Lk], 138; UBSHS [Ps], 613). Cf Ps 71:7 (see esp CJB, HCSB, NIV, NCV, TEV); Is 8:18 (see esp NET, NLT), 20:3 (see esp NET); Ezk 12:6 (see esp NET), 12:11, 24:24-27; Zc 3:8; Lk 11:30.+2:34Lit which.+2:34Or spoken against, or rejected, or opposed. Drawing from the BSL in translation here (see BSL, Lk 2:34, sv ἀντιλέγω). Like the prophets of old, Jesus’ life and message would stir up great opposition.+2:35Cf Lk 23:27-8; Jn 19:25.+2:35Or secrets, or plans.+2:35Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14-15, 28:13-16; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8. Cf also Jn 8:37, 8:40, 9:39-40, 15:22.+2:36Or descendant.+2:36Lit was advanced in many days. ME(I/F). See note at Lk 1:7.+2:36Lit seven years from her virginity. ME (see L-N, 23.64). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NRSV.+2:37Or until age eighty-four.+2:38Lit she.+2:38Lit about him.+2:38Lit redemption of Jerusalem. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:68). Cf Is 1:27, 52:7-10, 59:20, 62:1-7.+2:38Cf Is 1:27, 52:9-10, 59:20.+2:39Lit When they.+2:39Lit all the things that were according to the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:39Lit to their own town. ME. Cf ISV, TEV.+2:40Or with understanding, or with insight. Cf Is 50:4-5; 53:2; Lk 2:46; Jn 7:16, 8:28.+2:40Or grace.+2:40Cf Lk 1:80, 2:52.+2:41Lit his.+2:42Lit he.+2:42Lit went up.+2:43Lit and having completed the days. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:43Lit Jesus the boy. ME. Cf ISV.+2:44Lit they went the journey of a day. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:44In many cultures, trust between extended relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, and even strangers is often much stronger than what Westerners are accustomed to. My family and I have experienced this many times in different parts of the world.+2:46Cf Ps 84:1-2, 10.+2:48Or astonished. Cf NET.+2:48Lit Your father and I, being distressed terribily, were looking for you. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, TEV.+2:49Lit he.+2:49Or about My Father’s affairs.+2:49Cf Is 53:2; Hg 2:6-9; Zc 6:9-13; Ml 3:1-4.+2:50Lit Yet they did not understand the statement he spoke to them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:52Or in stature, or in age. Cf ISV.+3:1Or Tiberius Caesar.+3:1Lit the tetrarch. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1). So throughout this verse.+3:1Lit his.+3:2Cf Gn 15:1; 1 Sm 15:10; 2 Sm 7:4; 1 Ki 6:11; 1 Ki 18:1; Is 38:1; Jr 1:2-4; Ezk 1:3; Jnh 1:1; Hg 1:3.+3:3Lit He went into all the surrounding region of the Jordan. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 159). Cf NEB, NLT.+3:4Or book.+3:4Lit the paths, or your paths. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 3:3).+3:6Lit all flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 163; FBT Chart, M). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, TEV.+3:6Is 40:3-5+3:7Lit he.+3:11Lit two tunics. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 3:11).+3:11Lit he.+3:13Lit Collect nothing more than what has been ordered to you. ME. Cf ISV, NCV.+3:14Lit he.+3:16Or in.+3:16Or in.+3:16Cf Is 4:4; 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29; Ml 3:2, 4:1-6.+3:17Or with. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48.+3:17Or in/with unquenchable fire. See note at Mt 3:12. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48; Re 14:9-11, 20:14.+3:18Or of different kinds.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit the tetrach. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+3:19Lit by him.+3:19Lit concerning. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+3:19Lit Herod.+3:20Lit added this also upon/to all. ME. Cf HCSB, NET, NLT. “All” here refers to the evil deeds mentioned in v 19 (see UBSHS [Lk], 178).+3:21Or the sky. So throughout this section.+3:22Cf Gn 22:2, 16; Is 42:1.+3:23Cf Nu 4:3.+3:23Or the son. In the Scriptures, “son” sometimes means “descendant” (see, eg, L-N, 10.30). Because not all of the men listed in the genealogy are direct offspring, descendant is most likely the primary meaning here. This, of course, does not exclude direct descent.+3:23Lit as/while/how it was thought of Joseph. ME(I/F) (see, eg, L-N, 10.30).+3:23Or being a son/descendant (so it was thought) of Joseph, the son/descendant of Heli. For a summary and brief discussion of the interpretive options here, see ESS (Lk), 141; Lange, Commentary (Lk), 62; NAC (Lk), 141. The interpretation reflected in the translation is that Luke is giving us Jesus’ genealogy through Mary. The statement could, however, also be interpreted and rendered as reflecting Joseph’s lineage. Though I’m not dogmatic on this point or unaware of the various problems involved with reconciling the genealogies in Luke and Matthew, I prefer the option included in the translation for two reasons. First, Luke traces Jesus’ genealogy back to Adam, once again indicating his concern to show that God’s plan of redemption as spelled out in the covenants includes in its purview the salvation of the entire human race. This theme appears repeatedly in Luke and Acts. Second, the fact that Jesus descended from David through Solomon gives him a legal right to David’s throne; at the same time, the fact that he is descended biologically through Nathan’s line also means that the prophesy spoken against Jeconiah in Jr 22:30 does not apply to Jesus. The FSB’s claim that “both genealogies reflect Joseph’s lineage; the discrepancies are the result of different sources and theological agenda” (see FSB, Lk 3:23-28), is stated with too much certainty and needs to be qualified. While Luke’s choices are surely directed by his theology, what source materials he used is a matter of debate. Furthermore, it is just as easy to conceive Luke’s “theological agenda” as being more clearly expressed by the inclusion of Jesus’ human descent through Mary’s line, rather than his legal descent through Joseph’s line (cf, eg, Lk 1:26-38).+3:24Lit of Matthat. ME/IT (see L-N, 10.30). So throughout this section. “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23.+3:38Lit of Adam, of God. ME (see Gn 1:26, 2:7). “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23. To maintain consistency with the preceding verses would require “Adam, who descended from God.” This is awkward, though, and in Adam’s case obscures the meaning. The meaning is that Adam, as the first human being, was created directly by God.+4:1Or returned.+4:2Cf Ex 24:18.+4:2Or …in the wilderness, being tempted by the devil for forty days.+4:2Lit those days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+4:2Lit and when they [those days] were completed. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, TEV.+4:3Lit to him.+4:3Cf Ex 4:22; Dt 32:6-9; 2 Sm 7; 1 Ch. 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 1:2, 63:16, 64:8; Jr 31:9; Hs 11:1; Ml 2:10; Mt 2:15; Lk 3:38; Jn 1:49; 1 Co 15:45.+4:4Dt 8:3+4:5Lit He.+4:5Or of the inhabited earth, or of the world, or of mankind.+4:5Lit in a point of time. ME (see L-N, 67.149). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NEB, NET, NIV.+4:6Lit the splendor of them.+4:6Cf Dt 32:8-9; 1 Jn 5:19. The NET’s commentary on Dt 32:8 provides some good insight into the historical/theological background most likely being assumed by the devil’s statement here (see NET Bible Notes, Dt 32:8).+4:6Cf Re 13:1-2.+4:8See note at Mt 4:7. The same applies here.+4:8Dt 6:13+4:9Lit He.+4:9Lit him.+4:9Or edge, or summit.+4:9Lit to him.+4:11Ps 91:11, 12+4:12See note at Mt 4:7.+4:12Dt 6:16+4:13Lit him.+4:13Lit had finished every temptation, or had finished every sort of temptation. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:13Or until an opportune time, or until another time. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 195).+4:14Or throughout the neighboring area, or throughout the countryside.+4:15Or praised, or glorified, or honored. Cf HCSB.+4:16Lit according to that which was customary for him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:17Or book.+4:18Or the weak, or the poor, or the humble, or the afflicted. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 5:3; LALS, sv πτωχός). In Luke’s gospel, the “poor” is referring to the “pious poor” (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:18; UBSHS [Lk], 200). Cf, eg, Ps 34:6 (cf v 6 with v 2), 18; Ps 72:2. Financial pressures in this age are one of God’s means of humbling his people and keeping them dependent on him, in preparation for the age to come (see, eg, Dt 8:3; Php 4:10-13).+4:18Or release, or freedom, or liberty.+4:19This is a reference to the year of Jubilee (see ESS [Lk], 163; NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:19). Cf Lv 25:10 (cf MT and LXX).+4:19Is 61:1-2. Cf Lv 25:10.+4:22Cf Ps 45:2.+4:22Cf Mt 13:57; Mk 6:3.+4:23Lit He.+4:24IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+4:24Or accepted.+4:25Lit days. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:25Cf 1 Ki 17:1, 18:1; Jm 5:17.+4:26Cf 1 Ki 17:8-24+4:27Lit many lepers. ME. Cf NLT, NCV, TEV.+4:27Lit Naaman the Syrian. ME. Cf NCV.+4:29Lit him.+4:30Lit He.+4:30Lit the middle/midst of them. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:31Lit he.+4:32Lit because his word was in/with authority. ME. Cf LEB, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:33Lit a spirit of an unclean demon. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NLT.+4:34Or Leave us alone! Lit What to us and to you? ME(I/F) (ee note at Mt 8:29).+4:34Lit Did you come...? or Have you come...? Cf TEV.+4:35Lit to him.+4:35Or after.+4:35Lit him.+4:35Lit in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 216; UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:36Or this message, or this word.+4:38Lit he.+4:38Lit they asked him concerning her. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:40This was a Sabbath (cf Mk 1:21, 29). Healing was forbidden on the Sabbath (see, eg, Mt 12:2, Jn 9:16), and therefore the people had to wait until evening to bring the sick to Jesus.+4:40Lit all as many as had sick ones. This could refer to friends (cf TEV), or relatives (cf NET, NLT), or both. Loved ones covers both possibilities. Hence the translation here.+4:40Lit to him.+4:42Lit he.+4:42Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:42Lit came as far as him. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:43Lit he.+5:1Lit he.+5:2Lit two boats standing beside the lake. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:2Lit from them.+5:3Lit which was of Simon. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV.+5:3Lit he.+5:4Lit he.+5:4The second imperative in this verse is in the second person plural. This is signaled for English readers by “you and the other men.” Cf TEV.+5:5Lit At/because of your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:7Lit they.+5:8Or fell down at Jesus’ knees.+5:9Lit because of the catch of fish they had taken. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:10Lit and likewise. ME. Cf TEV.+5:11Lit they.+5:11Lit followed him. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:12Lit he.+5:12Lit he.+5:13Lit he.+5:13Lit left him.+5:14Lit he.+5:14Lit go and show yourself to the priest. ME(OTB) (see Lv 14:1-32). Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 224). Cf NLT, TEV.+5:14Lit just as Moses commanded. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV.+5:14Cf Lv 14:1-32.+5:14Or as proof, or as a witness, or as a testimony.+5:14Or to them.+5:16Lit He.+5:17Lit he.+5:18Lit in front of him.+5:20Lit he.+5:21Lit Who is this man...? The rhetorical impact intended by the question here is more effectively conveyed in English with something like “How dare...?” In this context, the question here communicates shock, indignation, and contempt (see ESS [Lk], 200; UBSHS [Mk], 78; UBSHS [Lk], 242). Cf TEV at Mk 2:7.+5:21Lit Who can forgive sins except God alone? ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+5:24Or know, or realize.+5:24Or on the earth.+5:25Lit he.+5:27Lit he.+5:27Lit Follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:27Lit he.+5:28Lit he.+5:29Lit him.+5:29Lit and others. Negative connotations are implied from the close connection with “tax-collectors” and from the context. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 249.+5:30Lit The Pharisees and the Torah-expert/scribes of them. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 249). Cf NIV, TEV.+5:32Lit came to call/invite, or have come to call/invite. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+5:32Or invite.+5:32Cf CJB.+5:33Lit They. This interpreted as an indefinite plural. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:33Lit to him.+5:33Lit likewise.+5:33Cf Lk 18:12.+5:35Lit in those days.+5:36Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV, TEV.+5:37Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV.+5:37Lit it.+5:39Or better.+6:1Lit he.+6:1Lit rubbing them. ME/IT Cf NLT; UBSHS (Lk), 257.+6:4Cf Ex 25:30; Lv 24:5-9; 1 Sm 21:6.+6:4Lit which is forbidden for [one] to eat, except…+6:4Cf Lv 24:5-9.+6:6Lit he.+6:6Lit whose right hand was dried up. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:7Lit in order that they might find to accuse him. The context makes it clear that they are looking for grounds on which to bring accusation. Cf CJB, NET, NIV.+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit knew their thoughts. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+6:8Lit stand in the middle. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+6:8Lit to the man who had the dried up hand. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit got up and stood.+6:9Lit I ask you. ME. Cf NLT.+6:9Lit Which is lawful...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+6:9Or to do evil?+6:10Lit said to him.+6:10Lit He.+6:11Lit They. Cf NCV.+6:12Lit he.+6:17Lit He.+6:17Lit with them.+6:17Or stood on, or stationed himself on/at. Cf REB; BDAG, 482, sv ἵστημι B.1.+6:17Lit and. Cf NET.+6:18Lit who.+6:20Lit He.+6:20Lit lifted up his eyes to. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.34; UBSHS [Lk], 268).+6:20Or you who are weak, or you who are poor, or you who are afflicted, or you who are needy. ME(OTB) (see notes at Mt 5:3 and Lk 4:18).+6:20Cf Dn 7:22.+6:21Lit be satisfied, or be filled. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462).+6:21Cf Is 25:6-7.+6:21Cf Ps 126:2.+6:22Cf Jn 9:22, 12:42.+6:22Lit throw out your name. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.396). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT.+6:23Lit at/in that day. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 270). Cf CJB, Gdspd, NLT, TEV.+6:23Cf Ac 5:41.+6:23Lit According to the same things. ME. Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+6:23Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:24Or you who are at ease. Lit you who are rich. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Lk 4:18; LALS, sv πλούσιος). Cf the NCV and TEV renderings of ὅτι ἀπέχετε τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν ( hoti apechete tēn paraklēsis humōn) in the subordinate clause. The primary issue here isn’t wealth or poverty in themselves, but the kind of heart posture and attitudes that such situations tend to cultivate. Cf, eg, Ps 37, 73; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+6:24Lit have already received your consolation/comfort in full. ME. Cf CJB.+6:24Cf Ps 37, 73.+6:25Cf 1 Sm 2:5.+6:26Lit all people speak well/favorably/commendably. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NCV, NLT.+6:26Cf Jn 5:41; 1 Th 2:6.+6:26Lit According to the same things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NLT.+6:26Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:29Lit don’t withhold. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+6:30Or asking you for something, or begging you for something.+6:30Cf Dt 15:7-11.+6:34Lit those from who you hope/expect to receive (back). ME/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:34). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, NIV, TEV.+6:34Cf Lk 14:13-14.+6:34Lit Even sinners lend to sinners in order that they might receive back the same. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT.+6:35Or you will be.+6:35Lit sons.+6:36Or compassionate.+6:36Cf Ex 34:6-7.+6:37Or judge.+6:37Lit Don’t condemn. ME. Since κρίνω ( krinō) in the previous clause has been translated as “don’t condemn” (to maintain consistency in translation with Mt 7:1), καταδικάζω ( katadikazō) has been translated according to its meaning in this context (cf, “be merciful” above [v 36], and the following injunction to “forgive”). Cf also Jn 8:1-11, where a verdict/judgment of condemnation = the failure to show mercy.+6:38Lit They will give into your lap/bosom a good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over. ME(I/H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 280; NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:38). Also, the idiom in the OT often has connotations of repayment (see, eg, Is 65:7; Jr 32:18). The next line (ἀντιμετρέω [ antimetreō] is used there) indicates that such is the case here as well. Cf NLT, TEV.+6:38Lit For by which measure you measure it will be measured back to you. ME (see translation and note at Mt 7:1-2).+6:38Cf Mt 6:14, 7:1-4; Rm 2:1-5.+6:41Lit see. Connotations of self-righteousness and offense are present in this context. Cf Mt 9:11-12; Lk 7:36-40.+6:41Or pay no attention to.+6:42The focus in this context is on the ability to see (cf vv 39, 42b). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:43Or there is not a good tree that produces bad fruit, nor is there a diseased tree that produces bad fruit.+6:45Lit out of the good storehouse of the heart. ME. Cf NIV.+6:45Cf Pr 4:23.+6:46Lit Why do you…? EFE/ME. “ Why here gives the rhetorical question the meaning of ‘it has no sense that…’.” (see UBSHS [Lk], 287). Cf BDAG, 1007, sv τίς, 1.β., 2, 3.+6:47Or words, or sayings.+6:49Lit against which [house] the torrent struck, and immediately… ME. Cf CJB, NIV.