BHT with Abridged Translator’s NotesLuke 22 =
22
“They Were Thrilled and Agreed to Give Him Some Silver Coins”
1 Now the Festival of Unleavened Bread, which is called the Passover, was drawing near, 2 and the chief priests and the Torah-experts were trying to find some discreet way to get rid of Jesus,+ since they were afraid of the people. 3 Then Satan entered Judas, the one called Iscariot, who was one of the Twelve. 4 He went off and talked with the chief priests and officers in charge of the temple guard about what would be the best way+ for him to hand Jesus+ over to them. 5 They were thrilled and agreed to give him some silver coins.+ 6 Judas+ accepted the offer and began watching for the right moment to hand Jesus+ over to them without the crowds around.+
“This Cup Is the New Covenant in My Blood”
7 The first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread arrived, the day on which people were to sacrifice+ the lamb used for the Passover meal.++ 8 Jesus+ sent Peter and John on ahead, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover meal for us, so we may eat it together.”
9 “Where would you like us to make the preparations?” they asked him.
10 “Listen carefully,+” Jesus+ said to them. “As you are entering the city, you will come upon a man carrying this: A jar of water. Accompany him into the house he enters 11 and tell the owner+ of the house, ‘The Teacher says to ˢyou, “Where is the dining room+ where I may eat, with my disciples, the Passover meal?” ’ 12 That man will show ᵖyou a large upstairs room, all arranged. That’s where you are to make the preparations.”
13 Peter and John+ went and found things just as Jesus+ had told them. And they prepared the Passover meal.
14 When it was time to begin the Passover meal,+ Jesus+ reclined at the meal table, along with the apostles.+ 15 He said to them, “I have so eagerly desired to eat with ᵖyou, before I suffer, this Passover meal. 16 For I tell ᵖyou this: I will certainly not eat it again until it is carried out+ in the Kingdom of God.”+ 17 Then he took a cup of wine and, after giving thanks, said, “Take this and share it among yourselves. 18 For I tell ᵖyou this: I will certainly not drink of the fruit of the vine from now until the Kingdom of God comes.”+ 19 Then he took some bread and, after giving thanks, broke it and gave it to the disciples,+ saying, “This is my body, which is for ᵖyou+ about to be offered up.+ This continue to observe in remembrance of me.” 20 The cup, likewise, he took and gave to them, after they had eaten, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my blood,+ which is for ᵖyou+ about to be poured out.+ 21 Yet look! The man who is about to betray me is right here with me at the table!++ 22 Although the Son of Man is going to his death+ in full accordance with God’s plan,++ woe to that man by means of whom he is about to be betrayed.”+ 23 So the disciples began saying to one another, “Who in the world, among us, would do this?”+
“I, However, Am Among You as One Who Serves”
24 An argument broke out among the disciples+ as to which of them was to be regarded as the greatest. 25 Jesus+ said to them, “The kings who rule over the Gentiles dominate their subjects,+ and those who wield authority over them like to have themselves called+ by this title: ‘Helper of the People.’+ 26 ᵖYou, however, must not be like this. No, the one who is greatest among you must become like the person of lowest rank,+ and the person who leads like the one who serves. 27 For who is greater, the person who reclines at the meal table, or the person who does the serving? It is the person who reclines at the table, isn’t it? I, however, am among ᵖyou as one who serves.
28 “Now ᵖyou disciples are the ones who have remained loyal to me+ through my times of trial.+ 29 And so I, on my part, solemnly bequeath+ to ᵖyou, just as my Father has solemnly bequeathed to me, a Kingdom,+ 30 namely, the honor of eating and drinking+ at my table in my Kingdom; ᵖyou will sit on thrones judging and governing the very twelve tribes of Israel.+
“The Rooster Will Not Crow Today until You Have Denied Three Times That You Know Me”
31 “Simon, Simon, listen! Satan has received permission+ to sift each of ᵖyou like wheat.+ 32 I, however, have prayed for ˢyou, Simon, that your faith may not fail. And so ˢyou, when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers.”
33 “Lord,” Peter+ replied, “in accompanying ˢyou I am more than ready to go even to prison and to death!”
34 Jesus+ said, “I tell ˢyou this, Peter: The rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know me.”
35 Then he asked his disciples,+ “When I sent ᵖyou out without moneybag or traveler’s bag or sandals, was there anything at all that you ended up+ lacking?”
“Not a thing,” they answered.
36 “Well now,” Jesus+ said to them, “if someone has a moneybag, he must take it along, and the same with the traveler’s bag. And if someone doesn’t have a sword, he must sell his cloak and buy one. 37 For I tell ᵖyou this: It is God’s will for this Scripture+ to be fulfilled+ in what happens to me+: ‘And he was numbered with the wicked.’+ Indeed, what is written about me is being fulfilled.+”
38 “Look, Lord, here are some swords,” the disciples+ said. “Two of them!”
“Enough of that!”++ he replied.
“Please Spare Me This Cup of Suffering!”
39 Then Jesus+ left the city and made his way, as he usually did, to the Mount of Olives, accompanied by the disciples.+ 40 When he came to a particular spot, he said to them, “Keep praying for strength to resist temptation.”+ 41 He himself, then, went about a stone’s throw away from them, and after kneeling down, prayed again and again,+ 42 “Father! If you are willing, please spare me this cup of suffering!+ Yet not my own will, but yours be done!”+ 43 Then an angel from heaven appeared to him and gave him strength. 44 And in his anguish+ he began to pray even more earnestly; his sweat became like drops of blood falling to the ground.++ 45 When he got up after praying+ and returned to the disciples, he found them asleep, exhausted from sorrow. 46 “Why are ᵖyou sleeping?” he asked them. “Get up and pray for strength to resist temptation.”+
“There Leading the Way for Them Was the Man Named Judas, One of the Twelve”
47 While he was still speaking, suddenly a crowd appeared, and there leading the way for them was the man named Judas, one of the Twelve. He came up to Jesus and greeted him with a kiss.
48 “Judas,” Jesus said to him, “is it with a kiss that you betray the Son of Man?”
49 Now when those who were standing around Jesus+ saw what was about to happen, they asked, “Lord, should we strike with our swords?” 50 Then one of them struck the high priest’s slave, cutting off his right ear.
51 “Enough of this!”+ Jesus said in response. And touching the man’s+ ear, he healed him.
52 Then Jesus said to the chief priests and officers of the temple guard and elders who had come out to arrest him,+ “Is it as against an insurrectionist that ᵖyou have come out with swords and clubs? 53 Although I was with ᵖyou in the temple courts day after day after day, ᵖyou didn’t arrest me.+ This, however, is itself ᵖyour time,++ when darkness reigns.+”+
“I Don’t Know Him, Lady”
54 Seizing Jesus,+ they led him away and brought him to the home of the high priest. Peter, meanwhile, was following at a distance.
55 Now after they had built a fire in the middle of the courtyard and had sat down together, Peter sat down among them. 56 When a certain servant girl saw him sitting in the firelight, she stared at him and said, “This man, too, was himself with Jesus+!”
57 But Peter denied it. “I don’t know him, lady,” he said.
58 A little later, someone else saw him and said, “ˢYou, too, are yourself one of them!”
“Man, I am not!” said Peter.
59 About an hour later, another person kept insisting, “This man, too, was most definitely with Jesus,+ for he is also a Galilean.”
60 “Man, I don’t know what ˢyou’re talking about!” Peter answered. And it was at that exact moment, while he was still speaking, that a rooster crowed. 61 Then the Lord turned and looked straight at Peter, and Peter remembered what the Lord had said+ to him: “Before the rooster crows today, you will disown me three times.” 62 Then Peter+ went outside and wept bitterly.
“Prophesy! Who Is It That Hit You?”
63 The men who were guarding Jesus+ began to mock him as they beat him. 64 Having covered his eyes,+ they kept saying, “Prophesy! Who is it that hit you?”
65 And they were heaping on him, too, insults+ of many other kinds.
“If You Are the Messiah, Tell Us”
66 When day came, the council of elders who were over the people gathered together, both the chief priests and the Torah-experts, and had Jesus brought before their Sanhedrin. 67 “If ˢyou are the Messiah,” they said, “tell us.”
“If I do tell ᵖyou,” Jesus+ said to them, “ᵖyou aren’t going to believe me,68 and if I ask ᵖyou a question, ᵖyou aren’t going to give me an answer. 69 From this time forth, however, the Son of Man will be ‘seated at the right hand’+ of Almighty God.+”
70 “Are ˢyou, then, the Son of God?” they all asked.
“The words have come from ᵖyour own mouths,”+ Jesus+ answered, “that I AM.”+
71 “What further need do we have of testimony?” they said. “We ourselves have heard it from his own lips!”
+1:1IT. Luke is written as a letter to a man named Theophilus (see UBSHS [Lk], 11). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:1Or matters.+1:1Or concerning the events that have been fulfilled/accomplished/taken place among us; or concerning the events that have been fully proclaimed among us. Cf KJV. For more on the interpretive options here, see BDAG, 827, sv πληροφορέω 1.a.; DBL Greek, #4442; ESL, #4135; UBSHS (Lk), 8.+1:1Cf Heb 11:1.+1:2Or of the message, or of the word, or of the teaching. Following McGirr, τοῦ λόγου ( tou logou) here has been interpreted as an insider reference to Jesus (see McGirr, Ten Ways, 60). This makes sense especially considering that “of the Word” is used with “eyewitnesses.” Cf Jn 1:1-3; Ac 1:21-2.+1:2The direct object is implied from the context. Cf ESV, HCSB, NKJV.+1:2Cf Ac 15:24, 21:17-21, 23:29; 1 Co 4:1-4, 11:2, 15:1-2; 2 Co 11:4, 12-15; Gal 1:6-9, 2:4-5, 5:7-14; Php 3:1-3, 3:17-4:1; Col 1:23, 2:2; 1 Th 1:4-7; 2 Th 2:14-15; 1 Ti 1:3-7, 4:7; Tit 1:14 2 Pt 1:16. Cf the translation here with McGirr’s trajectory of interpretation and translation of these verses (McGirr, Ten Ways, 54-63). Though I don’t entirely agree with McGirr’s analysis or all of his translation choices in this opening section of Luke, his claim that Luke is warning Theophilus against questionable accounts being by produced people besides the apostles is quite plausible.+1:3Or I too.+1:3Or from the beginning.+1:3Cf 1 Ti 4:6; 2 Ti 3:10.+1:4Or informed.+1:5Lit the days. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+1:5Cf 1 Ch 24:10.+1:5Lit was of the daughters of. ME (see L-N, 10.31). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV.+1:7Lit was barren, or was sterile. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:7Lit both of them were advanced in their days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8Lit Now it happened that. EFE. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV. The phrases kai egeneto or egeneto de function in a variety of ways in Luke’s gospel (for a summary description, see UBSHS [Lk], 22). Corresponding EFEs are used throughout the translation of Luke, depending on the context.+1:8Lit Now it happened that when he was serving as priest in the order of his priestly division before/in the presence of God. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NRSV.+1:8Cf 1 Ch 24:10, 19; 2Ch 8:14, 31:2.+1:9Cf Ex 30:7-8.+1:10Lit hour. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV.+1:11Lit to him.+1:11Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+1:12Lit fear fell upon him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:13Cf Dn 9:20-23.+1:13IT. In Hebrew, John’s name means “Yahweh is gracious,” or “Yahweh has shown favor” (see FSB, Lk 1:13; UBSHS [Lk], 31).+1:14Lit And there will be to you joy and gladness. ME.+1:15Cf Nm 6:3; Jg 13:3-5; Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33.+1:15Cf Lk 1:41, 44.+1:16Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 11.58). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NRSV, TEV.+1:17Lit will go before him. ME.+1:17Lit in/by the Spirit and power of Elijah. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 36; translation and notes at Re 1:10). Cf TEV. πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει ( pneumati kai dunamei) is an example of hendiadys. Hendiadys is “the expression of an idea by the use of usually two independent words connected by and (as nice and warm) instead of the usual combination of independent word and its modifier (as nicely warm)” ( Miriam-Webster’s, sv). In view here, moreover, is not the human spirit, but the Spirit of God (see UBSHS [Lk], 36).+1:17Cf 2 Ki 2:9, 2:15.+1:17Or to turn the hearts of the fathers back to the children. Cf Dt 30:2; Ml 4:4 (NET). Following the lead of the NET at Ml 4:6 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Ml 4:6). The prophetic focus of the Torah is on repentance that extends across generational lines within the nation (see, eg, Dt 30:2; 1 Ki 18:36-40; cf “remember the Law of my servant Moses” at Ml 4:4).+1:17Cf Lv 26:40-42; Dt 4:29-31, 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:36-39; Ne 1:9; Is 55:7; Jl 2:12-13.+1:17Or attitude, or mindset, or wisdom, or understanding, or prudence. Cf REB in ESS (Lk), 32.+1:17Cf Ezk 3:20-21; 18:21-32, 33:8-19.+1:17Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Jn 3:28-9; Re 19:7-8.+1:18Lit advanced in her days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+1:20Cf Gn 18:9-14.+1:21Lit were wondering at his being delayed. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:22Lit remained mute/dumb. ME (see L-N, 33.106). Cf most English translations.+1:23Lit the days. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NCV, TEV.+1:24Lit After these days. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 46). Cf NET, TEV.+1:25Lit Thus the Lord has dealt with me. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf Gdspd; NLT; Phps.+1:25Lit in days in which. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf TEV.+1:25Or favor.+1:25Lit to remove my disgrace among men. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:25; UBSHS [Lk], 47). As is true of many cultures today, among the Jewish people of this time barrenness carried a stigma with it. Cf Lv 20:20-21; Jr 22:30.+1:26Lit In the sixth month. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 48; NAC [Lk], 82; NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:26; cf vv 24-5, 36). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:27Lit betrothed to. ME(H) (see note at Mt 1:18).+1:27Lit Joseph from the house of David. ME(I/F/OTB)/IT (see BSL, Lk 1:27, sv οἶκος; L-N, 10.24; NET Bible Notes, 2 Sm 7:11). In this context, “house” doesn’t just mean family line, but royal lineage and dynasty. This is important in light of vv 32-3. Cf TEV.+1:28Lit He.+1:28Lit greetings, or hail. ME(H) (see note at Mt 26:49). Cf CJB.+1:29Lit She.+1:29Lit of what sort this greeting might be. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 52-3, 553). Cf ISV, NCV, NEB, NLT, NET.+1:31Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+1:31Lit conceive in the womb. ME (see L-N, 23.49). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:31IT. See note at Mt 1:21.+1:32Lit This one.+1:32Or ancestor, or forefather.+1:33Cf Is 14:1, 29:22, 46:3-4.+1:33Cf 2 Sm 7; 1 Ki 2:12; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 9:2-7; Jr 33:17.+1:34Lit since I am not knowing a man. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.61). Cf HCSB.+1:35Lit come upon you, or come over you. ME. Following the lead of L-N (see L-N, 15.83) and the UBSHS (see UBSHS [Lk], 60), an ME has been used here to avoid sexual connotations. Cf note at Mt 1:18.+1:35Cf Ex 40:35; Ps 91:1; Lk 9:34.+1:35Cf 2 Sm 7; Ps 2.+1:36Cf HCSB, TEV.+1:36Lit in. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 62). Cf NCV, NET, TEV. The meaning here is obviously concessive.+1:36Lit barren. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+1:37Or nothing will be impossible from God. Cf ASV, NLT, REB.+1:37Cf Gn 18:14; Is 55:9-11; Jr 32:17, 32:27.+1:38Lit behold. Cf NEB, NRSV; UBSHS(Lk), 63; most English translations at Mt 12:49.+1:38Lit according to your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:42Lit the fruit of your womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.38). Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+1:43Lit Yet from where/why to me this. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 68). Cf NIV, NLT.+1:45Or who trusted, or who believed.+1:45Lit that there would be a fulfillment to the things that have been spoken to her from the Lord. ME (see BDAG, 997, sv τελείωσις 2). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+1:49Cf Lv 22:32; 1 Ch 16:10; Ps 29:2, 30:4, 33:21, 97:12, 103:1, 105:3, 111:9, 145:21; Is 57:15; Ezk 36:20-23, 39:7, 39:25; Re 4:8.+1:50Or faithful love, or lovingkindness. Lit mercy. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:50, 72; note at Mt 5:48).+1:50Cf Ex 20:6, 34:6-7; Dt 5:9-10, 7:9-10; Ps 100:5, 103:11, 103:17; Jr 32:18; Dn 9:4.+1:51Cf Is 33:2; 40:10-11, 51:5, 52:10, 53:1, 59:16, 63:5. I have opted for a more literal rendering here because of the connection of this idea with the Messiah (cf, eg, Is 53:1, 63:1-6; Jn 12:38; Re 19:11-21).+1:51Lit the arrogant in the thoughts of their hearts. ME (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf ISV.+1:51Cf 2 Ch 32:25; Ps 18:27, 101:5; Pr 8:13, 16:5; Is 2:11-22, 13:11; Dn 4:37.+1:52Cf Ps 2, 149; Is 40:22-23; Dn 2:20-23.+1:54Cf Dt 4:30-31, Ps 102:13-17; Is 41:8, 44:1, 44:21, 45:4, 49:3-5; Ac 1:6.+1:54Lit his mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50). Cf Dt 4:30-31; Ps 25:6; Jr 31:20; Mic 7:18-20; Hab 3:2; Rm 11:28-32.+1:55Lit as he spoke. In this context, the things spoken are the promises of the covenant (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:55). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NCV, NLT.+1:55Or forefathers, or ancestors.+1:56Lit with her.+1:58Lit that the Lord had made large his mercy with her. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:59Cf Lv 12:3.+1:62Lit name him.+1:63Lit he.+1:64Lit his.+1:64Or began praising. VPR. See VCC (Lk 1:64). “The imperfect tense of elalei suggests that Zechariah continued to speak for some time” ( UBSHS [Lk], 86).+1:64Lit was speaking, praising. ME. The participle here defines the nature of the speech (see UBSHS [Lk], 86). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:65Lit all these events were being talked about. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:66Lit For the hand of the Lord was with him. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 76.3). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV. The “hand of the Lord” is an idiom for God carrying out some sort of powerful action either for or against someone (see, eg, Ex 9:3; Dt 2:15; Jsh 4:23-24, 22:31; Jg 2:15; 1 Ki 18:46; 2 Ki 3:15; 1 Ch 21:13-14; Ezr 7:6; Jb 12:9; Is 25:10).+1:67Lit his.+1:68Lit make a ransom, or perform redemption. ME(OTB). In OT theology, when God is the one performing “redemption” or paying a “ransom,” the “ransom” or “price” that God “pays” to bring about someone’s “release” is his own mighty acts—as, for example, in the Exodus (see, eg, Dt 7:8, 9:26; Ps 78:42; Is 50:2). These acts, moreover, are performed freely as gracious acts because of God’s name and covenant faithfulness (see Dt 9:5), and cover a wide range of actions, including provision of a ransom that delivers someone from Sheol (eg, Ps 49:7); deliverance from enemies of various kinds (eg, Ps 55:18); and the future deliverance of Israel (eg, Is 51:11). For further discussion, see TWOT, 715-17. See also ANLEX, 249, sv λύτρωσις; BDAG, 606, sv λύτρωσις 1; L-N, 37.128.+1:69Or has visited and performed…and has raised up (effective aorists). Though one could argue for an effective aorist here based on Zechariah’s presumed knowledge of the baby in Mary’s womb, the Messianic function highlighted in this prophecy (“deliverance from our enemies”), the promises of vv 71-5, the shift to the future indicative in v 76, and the simple fact that Zechariah is prophesying, all favor a proleptic function in this context, with the aorist possibly pointing back to the recent events as the basis for the certainty of the accomplishment of the yet future acts of deliverance.+1:69Lit a horn of salvation. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 91). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:69Lit house. ME (see note at Lk 1:27). The same applies here.+1:70Lit spoke. ME. Here promises are again in view (see note at Lk 1:55). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:71Lit salvation, or deliverance. σωτηρίαν ( sōtērian) is in an appositional relationship to κέρας ( keras) in v 69 (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:69, 71, sv κέρας). I have made the connection explicit in translation.+1:71Lit hand. ME(I/F) (see DBL Hebrew, #5931.3; L-N, 76.3; UBSHS [Lk], 94). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:72Or thus showing steadfast love. Lit to do mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50).+1:72Or ancestors, or forefathers.+1:72Maintaining consistency in translation between this verse and v 54 (cf ESV, NASB, NKJV, NRSV, and RSV at Lk 1:54).+1:74Lit the hand. ME(I/F) (see not at 1:71 above).+1:74Cf Gn 32:20; Ex 3:6, 19:1-20, 24:10-11, 33:20; Lv 10:1-10, 16:1-34; Nu 18:3; Dt 5:24-26; Jg 6:22-23; Jb 9:32-35; Ps 11:7, 15:1-5, 24:3-4, 140:13; Is 33:14; Is 6:5; Jr 33:20-26, 50:4-5; Ezk 44:13-31, 45:1-5; Re 7:15, 22:4.+1:75Or in his sight, or before him.+1:75Cf Ps 132:9-16; Is 61:3,10; Zc 3:1-10; Ml 3:3-4.+1:76Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27.+1:77Or and to give.+1:77Cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8.+1:77Or in, or consisting in.+1:77Or by giving understanding of salvation to his people with regard to/in the forgiveness of their sins. While the statement “to give/cause knowledge of salvation” is most likely referring to John’s prophetic pronouncement, the gospels indicate that John’s ministry also included a significant amount of teaching and instruction (cf Mt 3 and Lk 3; remember, John was a Levite). Since the roles of teacher and prophet often overlap in Scripture, it is possible to interpret “giving knowledge of salvation” in terms of John giving instruction and understanding (cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8). In that situation, the meaning is that John gives them understanding concerning salvation—the need for it, the means of receiving it, the fruit it must produce, etc. Cf Mt 3:7-12; Lk 3:7-14.+1:78Lit because of the bowels of mercy of our God. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 25.49; note at Lk 1:50).+1:78Or by which.+1:78Or the dawn, or the rising sun. Cf Jr 23:5 (LXX), Zc 3:8, 6:12 (LXX); Ml 4:2. That this is a reference to the Messiah is clear. Less clear is whether it is an allusion to Ml 4:2, or to passages like Jr 23:5. Most translations seem to favor the first option, presumably because ἐπιφαίνω ( epiphainō) is used in the next clause. The UBSHS claims that the Branch interpretation “is not consistent with the idea of shining in the darkness in the next clause which clearly should be related to anatolē” ( UBSHS [Lk], 99). I disagree. ἐπισκέπτομαι ( episkeptomai) has already been used in v 68 to describe the visitation of the God of Israel through the Davidic Savior, and there clearly means a visitation from God to help his people. In Re 22:16, “Bright Morning Star” is in an appositional relationship to “Root and Offspring of David” (see LDGNT, Re 22:16; LSGNT Notes, Re 22:16, sv ἀστὴρ). “The Branch” is a Messianic title, and therefore if the Messiah shines, it means the Branch shines. I say this not because I am dogmatic in either direction, but simply to point out that the “Branch” is just as valid a candidate here as the “rising sun” or the “dawn.” One interesting fact that may also be worth taking into consideration on this matter, is that in addition to being prophesied in the Old Testament, the Messianic “Branch” is also part of the constellation Virgo (and constellations, obviously, shine!). I discuss this topic some in a seminar called “The Gospel in the Stars,” and in a children’s book entitled The Heavens Declare. Both can be found on the DTN website (www.danieltrainingnetwork.org).+1:79Lit in darkness and shadow of death. This is an example of hendiadys (see note at Mt 4:16). Cf Is 9:1-2, 42:6-7, 42:19; Mt 4:16.+1:79Or and to guide.+1:79Or to, or on. According to the LSGNT Notes, εἰς ( eis) here is either a preposition of direction or a preposition of location (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:79, sv).+1:79Cf 1 Sm 2:9; Jb 23:11; Ps 17:5, 25:12, 37:23, 44:8, 119:31, 121:3; Pr 1:16, 3:26, 4:26, 14:15, 16:9, 20:4; Is 59:7-8; Jr 10:23.+1:79Cf Is 42:7; Rm 2:19-20; Eph 1:17-18.+1:80Cf Mt 11:7-12, 14:1-4.+1:80Lit until the day of his public appearance. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:1Lit In those days. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:1Or Caesar.+2:4Lit house and lineage. ME/IT (see note a Lk 1:27).+2:8Lit watching watches during the night. ME/IT. Shifts or turns are implied by the plural form of the direct object here (see ESS [Lk], 80; Robertson, Word Pictures, Lk 2:7).+2:9Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+2:9Lit They.+2:10Lit I gospel to you great joy, which will be to/for all the people. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:12Lit This will be to you the sign. ME (see BDAG, 920, sv σημεῖον 1). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:13Lit a multitude of the army of heaven. ME (see L-N, 12. 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, TEV.+2:14Cf Ps 148:1.+2:14Or those on whom his favor rests, or people of goodwill.+2:17Or On seeing him, or On seeing them. The direct object is implied from the context here. Cf most English translations.+2:17Lit they.+2:20Lit praising God for all that they had heard and seen, just as it was spoken to them. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:21Lit And when eight days had been fulfilled to circumcise him. ME. Cf ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV+2:21Cf Gn 17:12; Lv 12:13.+2:21Lit before he was conceived in the womb. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV, NLT.+2:22Lit And when the days of their purification were fulfilled according to the Law/Torah of Moses. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12; UBSHS [Lk], 124). Cf Lv 12:4 (LXX).+2:22Lit him.+2:23Lit every male that opens the womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.45). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:23Ex 13:2, 12+2:24Lit and to give sacrifice according to what is said in the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12). As the UBSHS points out (see UBSHS [Lk], 128), τοῦ δοῦναι θυσίαν ( tou dounai thusian) here does not mean that Mary herself offered a sacrifice on the altar, but that she gave over sacrificial animals to the priest, who in turn offered the sacrifice (see Lv 12:8).+2:24Lv 12:8+2:25Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+2:25Or consolation, or deliverance. Cf NET.+2:25Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Ac 1:6.+2:26Lit would not see death. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Lit He.+2:27Lit to do according to what was customary of the Law/Torah concerning him. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Cf Ex 13:2, 11-16.+2:28Lit him.+2:29Lit dismiss. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Lk 2:29, sv ἀπολύω; UBSHS [Lk], 134). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:29Lit according to your word. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:31Cf Ps 98; Is 52:10.+2:32Cf Is 2:2-3, 42:4-6, 49:6; Mt 28:18-20; Lk 1:79; Ac 13:47; Rm 2:19; Eph 1:17-23, 4:17-18.+2:32Cf Is 42:6, 45:25, 46:13, and 49:6.+2:33Lit His.+2:34Or blessed. ME(H) (see not at Mk 10:16).+2:34Lit and to be a sign. ME(OTB)/IT (see FSB, Is 8:18; TWOT, 67, sv môpēt; UBSHS [Lk], 138; UBSHS [Ps], 613). Cf Ps 71:7 (see esp CJB, HCSB, NIV, NCV, TEV); Is 8:18 (see esp NET, NLT), 20:3 (see esp NET); Ezk 12:6 (see esp NET), 12:11, 24:24-27; Zc 3:8; Lk 11:30.+2:34Lit which.+2:34Or spoken against, or rejected, or opposed. Drawing from the BSL in translation here (see BSL, Lk 2:34, sv ἀντιλέγω). Like the prophets of old, Jesus’ life and message would stir up great opposition.+2:35Cf Lk 23:27-8; Jn 19:25.+2:35Or secrets, or plans.+2:35Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14-15, 28:13-16; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8. Cf also Jn 8:37, 8:40, 9:39-40, 15:22.+2:36Or descendant.+2:36Lit was advanced in many days. ME(I/F). See note at Lk 1:7.+2:36Lit seven years from her virginity. ME (see L-N, 23.64). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NRSV.+2:37Or until age eighty-four.+2:38Lit she.+2:38Lit about him.+2:38Lit redemption of Jerusalem. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:68). Cf Is 1:27, 52:7-10, 59:20, 62:1-7.+2:38Cf Is 1:27, 52:9-10, 59:20.+2:39Lit When they.+2:39Lit all the things that were according to the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:39Lit to their own town. ME. Cf ISV, TEV.+2:40Or with understanding, or with insight. Cf Is 50:4-5; 53:2; Lk 2:46; Jn 7:16, 8:28.+2:40Or grace.+2:40Cf Lk 1:80, 2:52.+2:41Lit his.+2:42Lit he.+2:42Lit went up.+2:43Lit and having completed the days. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:43Lit Jesus the boy. ME. Cf ISV.+2:44Lit they went the journey of a day. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:44In many cultures, trust between extended relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, and even strangers is often much stronger than what Westerners are accustomed to. My family and I have experienced this many times in different parts of the world.+2:46Cf Ps 84:1-2, 10.+2:48Or astonished. Cf NET.+2:48Lit Your father and I, being distressed terribily, were looking for you. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, TEV.+2:49Lit he.+2:49Or about My Father’s affairs.+2:49Cf Is 53:2; Hg 2:6-9; Zc 6:9-13; Ml 3:1-4.+2:50Lit Yet they did not understand the statement he spoke to them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:52Or in stature, or in age. Cf ISV.+3:1Or Tiberius Caesar.+3:1Lit the tetrarch. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1). So throughout this verse.+3:1Lit his.+3:2Cf Gn 15:1; 1 Sm 15:10; 2 Sm 7:4; 1 Ki 6:11; 1 Ki 18:1; Is 38:1; Jr 1:2-4; Ezk 1:3; Jnh 1:1; Hg 1:3.+3:3Lit He went into all the surrounding region of the Jordan. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 159). Cf NEB, NLT.+3:4Or book.+3:4Lit the paths, or your paths. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 3:3).+3:6Lit all flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 163; FBT Chart, M). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, TEV.+3:6Is 40:3-5+3:7Lit he.+3:11Lit two tunics. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 3:11).+3:11Lit he.+3:13Lit Collect nothing more than what has been ordered to you. ME. Cf ISV, NCV.+3:14Lit he.+3:16Or in.+3:16Or in.+3:16Cf Is 4:4; 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29; Ml 3:2, 4:1-6.+3:17Or with. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48.+3:17Or in/with unquenchable fire. See note at Mt 3:12. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48; Re 14:9-11, 20:14.+3:18Or of different kinds.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit the tetrach. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+3:19Lit by him.+3:19Lit concerning. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+3:19Lit Herod.+3:20Lit added this also upon/to all. ME. Cf HCSB, NET, NLT. “All” here refers to the evil deeds mentioned in v 19 (see UBSHS [Lk], 178).+3:21Or the sky. So throughout this section.+3:22Cf Gn 22:2, 16; Is 42:1.+3:23Cf Nu 4:3.+3:23Or the son. In the Scriptures, “son” sometimes means “descendant” (see, eg, L-N, 10.30). Because not all of the men listed in the genealogy are direct offspring, descendant is most likely the primary meaning here. This, of course, does not exclude direct descent.+3:23Lit as/while/how it was thought of Joseph. ME(I/F) (see, eg, L-N, 10.30).+3:23Or being a son/descendant (so it was thought) of Joseph, the son/descendant of Heli. For a summary and brief discussion of the interpretive options here, see ESS (Lk), 141; Lange, Commentary (Lk), 62; NAC (Lk), 141. The interpretation reflected in the translation is that Luke is giving us Jesus’ genealogy through Mary. The statement could, however, also be interpreted and rendered as reflecting Joseph’s lineage. Though I’m not dogmatic on this point or unaware of the various problems involved with reconciling the genealogies in Luke and Matthew, I prefer the option included in the translation for two reasons. First, Luke traces Jesus’ genealogy back to Adam, once again indicating his concern to show that God’s plan of redemption as spelled out in the covenants includes in its purview the salvation of the entire human race. This theme appears repeatedly in Luke and Acts. Second, the fact that Jesus descended from David through Solomon gives him a legal right to David’s throne; at the same time, the fact that he is descended biologically through Nathan’s line also means that the prophesy spoken against Jeconiah in Jr 22:30 does not apply to Jesus. The FSB’s claim that “both genealogies reflect Joseph’s lineage; the discrepancies are the result of different sources and theological agenda” (see FSB, Lk 3:23-28), is stated with too much certainty and needs to be qualified. While Luke’s choices are surely directed by his theology, what source materials he used is a matter of debate. Furthermore, it is just as easy to conceive Luke’s “theological agenda” as being more clearly expressed by the inclusion of Jesus’ human descent through Mary’s line, rather than his legal descent through Joseph’s line (cf, eg, Lk 1:26-38).+3:24Lit of Matthat. ME/IT (see L-N, 10.30). So throughout this section. “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23.+3:38Lit of Adam, of God. ME (see Gn 1:26, 2:7). “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23. To maintain consistency with the preceding verses would require “Adam, who descended from God.” This is awkward, though, and in Adam’s case obscures the meaning. The meaning is that Adam, as the first human being, was created directly by God.+4:1Or returned.+4:2Cf Ex 24:18.+4:2Or …in the wilderness, being tempted by the devil for forty days.+4:2Lit those days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+4:2Lit and when they [those days] were completed. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, TEV.+4:3Lit to him.+4:3Cf Ex 4:22; Dt 32:6-9; 2 Sm 7; 1 Ch. 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 1:2, 63:16, 64:8; Jr 31:9; Hs 11:1; Ml 2:10; Mt 2:15; Lk 3:38; Jn 1:49; 1 Co 15:45.+4:4Dt 8:3+4:5Lit He.+4:5Or of the inhabited earth, or of the world, or of mankind.+4:5Lit in a point of time. ME (see L-N, 67.149). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NEB, NET, NIV.+4:6Lit the splendor of them.+4:6Cf Dt 32:8-9; 1 Jn 5:19. The NET’s commentary on Dt 32:8 provides some good insight into the historical/theological background most likely being assumed by the devil’s statement here (see NET Bible Notes, Dt 32:8).+4:6Cf Re 13:1-2.+4:8See note at Mt 4:7. The same applies here.+4:8Dt 6:13+4:9Lit He.+4:9Lit him.+4:9Or edge, or summit.+4:9Lit to him.+4:11Ps 91:11, 12+4:12See note at Mt 4:7.+4:12Dt 6:16+4:13Lit him.+4:13Lit had finished every temptation, or had finished every sort of temptation. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:13Or until an opportune time, or until another time. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 195).+4:14Or throughout the neighboring area, or throughout the countryside.+4:15Or praised, or glorified, or honored. Cf HCSB.+4:16Lit according to that which was customary for him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:17Or book.+4:18Or the weak, or the poor, or the humble, or the afflicted. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 5:3; LALS, sv πτωχός). In Luke’s gospel, the “poor” is referring to the “pious poor” (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:18; UBSHS [Lk], 200). Cf, eg, Ps 34:6 (cf v 6 with v 2), 18; Ps 72:2. Financial pressures in this age are one of God’s means of humbling his people and keeping them dependent on him, in preparation for the age to come (see, eg, Dt 8:3; Php 4:10-13).+4:18Or release, or freedom, or liberty.+4:19This is a reference to the year of Jubilee (see ESS [Lk], 163; NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:19). Cf Lv 25:10 (cf MT and LXX).+4:19Is 61:1-2. Cf Lv 25:10.+4:22Cf Ps 45:2.+4:22Cf Mt 13:57; Mk 6:3.+4:23Lit He.+4:24IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+4:24Or accepted.+4:25Lit days. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:25Cf 1 Ki 17:1, 18:1; Jm 5:17.+4:26Cf 1 Ki 17:8-24+4:27Lit many lepers. ME. Cf NLT, NCV, TEV.+4:27Lit Naaman the Syrian. ME. Cf NCV.+4:29Lit him.+4:30Lit He.+4:30Lit the middle/midst of them. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:31Lit he.+4:32Lit because his word was in/with authority. ME. Cf LEB, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:33Lit a spirit of an unclean demon. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NLT.+4:34Or Leave us alone! Lit What to us and to you? ME(I/F) (ee note at Mt 8:29).+4:34Lit Did you come...? or Have you come...? Cf TEV.+4:35Lit to him.+4:35Or after.+4:35Lit him.+4:35Lit in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 216; UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:36Or this message, or this word.+4:38Lit he.+4:38Lit they asked him concerning her. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:40This was a Sabbath (cf Mk 1:21, 29). Healing was forbidden on the Sabbath (see, eg, Mt 12:2, Jn 9:16), and therefore the people had to wait until evening to bring the sick to Jesus.+4:40Lit all as many as had sick ones. This could refer to friends (cf TEV), or relatives (cf NET, NLT), or both. Loved ones covers both possibilities. Hence the translation here.+4:40Lit to him.+4:42Lit he.+4:42Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:42Lit came as far as him. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:43Lit he.+5:1Lit he.+5:2Lit two boats standing beside the lake. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:2Lit from them.+5:3Lit which was of Simon. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV.+5:3Lit he.+5:4Lit he.+5:4The second imperative in this verse is in the second person plural. This is signaled for English readers by “you and the other men.” Cf TEV.+5:5Lit At/because of your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:7Lit they.+5:8Or fell down at Jesus’ knees.+5:9Lit because of the catch of fish they had taken. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:10Lit and likewise. ME. Cf TEV.+5:11Lit they.+5:11Lit followed him. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:12Lit he.+5:12Lit he.+5:13Lit he.+5:13Lit left him.+5:14Lit he.+5:14Lit go and show yourself to the priest. ME(OTB) (see Lv 14:1-32). Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 224). Cf NLT, TEV.+5:14Lit just as Moses commanded. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV.+5:14Cf Lv 14:1-32.+5:14Or as proof, or as a witness, or as a testimony.+5:14Or to them.+5:16Lit He.+5:17Lit he.+5:18Lit in front of him.+5:20Lit he.+5:21Lit Who is this man...? The rhetorical impact intended by the question here is more effectively conveyed in English with something like “How dare...?” In this context, the question here communicates shock, indignation, and contempt (see ESS [Lk], 200; UBSHS [Mk], 78; UBSHS [Lk], 242). Cf TEV at Mk 2:7.+5:21Lit Who can forgive sins except God alone? ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+5:24Or know, or realize.+5:24Or on the earth.+5:25Lit he.+5:27Lit he.+5:27Lit Follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:27Lit he.+5:28Lit he.+5:29Lit him.+5:29Lit and others. Negative connotations are implied from the close connection with “tax-collectors” and from the context. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 249.+5:30Lit The Pharisees and the Torah-expert/scribes of them. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 249). Cf NIV, TEV.+5:32Lit came to call/invite, or have come to call/invite. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+5:32Or invite.+5:32Cf CJB.+5:33Lit They. This interpreted as an indefinite plural. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:33Lit to him.+5:33Lit likewise.+5:33Cf Lk 18:12.+5:35Lit in those days.+5:36Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV, TEV.+5:37Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV.+5:37Lit it.+5:39Or better.+6:1Lit he.+6:1Lit rubbing them. ME/IT Cf NLT; UBSHS (Lk), 257.+6:4Cf Ex 25:30; Lv 24:5-9; 1 Sm 21:6.+6:4Lit which is forbidden for [one] to eat, except…+6:4Cf Lv 24:5-9.+6:6Lit he.+6:6Lit whose right hand was dried up. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:7Lit in order that they might find to accuse him. The context makes it clear that they are looking for grounds on which to bring accusation. Cf CJB, NET, NIV.+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit knew their thoughts. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+6:8Lit stand in the middle. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+6:8Lit to the man who had the dried up hand. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit got up and stood.+6:9Lit I ask you. ME. Cf NLT.+6:9Lit Which is lawful...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+6:9Or to do evil?+6:10Lit said to him.+6:10Lit He.+6:11Lit They. Cf NCV.+6:12Lit he.+6:17Lit He.+6:17Lit with them.+6:17Or stood on, or stationed himself on/at. Cf REB; BDAG, 482, sv ἵστημι B.1.+6:17Lit and. Cf NET.+6:18Lit who.+6:20Lit He.+6:20Lit lifted up his eyes to. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.34; UBSHS [Lk], 268).+6:20Or you who are weak, or you who are poor, or you who are afflicted, or you who are needy. ME(OTB) (see notes at Mt 5:3 and Lk 4:18).+6:20Cf Dn 7:22.+6:21Lit be satisfied, or be filled. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462).+6:21Cf Is 25:6-7.+6:21Cf Ps 126:2.+6:22Cf Jn 9:22, 12:42.+6:22Lit throw out your name. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.396). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT.+6:23Lit at/in that day. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 270). Cf CJB, Gdspd, NLT, TEV.+6:23Cf Ac 5:41.+6:23Lit According to the same things. ME. Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+6:23Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:24Or you who are at ease. Lit you who are rich. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Lk 4:18; LALS, sv πλούσιος). Cf the NCV and TEV renderings of ὅτι ἀπέχετε τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν ( hoti apechete tēn paraklēsis humōn) in the subordinate clause. The primary issue here isn’t wealth or poverty in themselves, but the kind of heart posture and attitudes that such situations tend to cultivate. Cf, eg, Ps 37, 73; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+6:24Lit have already received your consolation/comfort in full. ME. Cf CJB.+6:24Cf Ps 37, 73.+6:25Cf 1 Sm 2:5.+6:26Lit all people speak well/favorably/commendably. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NCV, NLT.+6:26Cf Jn 5:41; 1 Th 2:6.+6:26Lit According to the same things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NLT.+6:26Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:29Lit don’t withhold. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+6:30Or asking you for something, or begging you for something.+6:30Cf Dt 15:7-11.+6:34Lit those from who you hope/expect to receive (back). ME/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:34). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, NIV, TEV.+6:34Cf Lk 14:13-14.+6:34Lit Even sinners lend to sinners in order that they might receive back the same. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT.+6:35Or you will be.+6:35Lit sons.+6:36Or compassionate.+6:36Cf Ex 34:6-7.+6:37Or judge.+6:37Lit Don’t condemn. ME. Since κρίνω ( krinō) in the previous clause has been translated as “don’t condemn” (to maintain consistency in translation with Mt 7:1), καταδικάζω ( katadikazō) has been translated according to its meaning in this context (cf, “be merciful” above [v 36], and the following injunction to “forgive”). Cf also Jn 8:1-11, where a verdict/judgment of condemnation = the failure to show mercy.+6:38Lit They will give into your lap/bosom a good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over. ME(I/H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 280; NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:38). Also, the idiom in the OT often has connotations of repayment (see, eg, Is 65:7; Jr 32:18). The next line (ἀντιμετρέω [ antimetreō] is used there) indicates that such is the case here as well. Cf NLT, TEV.+6:38Lit For by which measure you measure it will be measured back to you. ME (see translation and note at Mt 7:1-2).+6:38Cf Mt 6:14, 7:1-4; Rm 2:1-5.+6:41Lit see. Connotations of self-righteousness and offense are present in this context. Cf Mt 9:11-12; Lk 7:36-40.+6:41Or pay no attention to.+6:42The focus in this context is on the ability to see (cf vv 39, 42b). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:43Or there is not a good tree that produces bad fruit, nor is there a diseased tree that produces bad fruit.+6:45Lit out of the good storehouse of the heart. ME. Cf NIV.+6:45Cf Pr 4:23.+6:46Lit Why do you…? EFE/ME. “ Why here gives the rhetorical question the meaning of ‘it has no sense that…’.” (see UBSHS [Lk], 287). Cf BDAG, 1007, sv τίς, 1.β., 2, 3.+6:47Or words, or sayings.+6:49Lit against which [house] the torrent struck, and immediately… ME. Cf CJB, NIV.+7:1Lit he.+7:1Lit had finished all his words in the ear/hearing of the people. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 291).+7:2Lit a certain centurion. ME(H) (see note at Mt 8:5).+7:2Lit who.+7:3Lit he.+7:4Lit they.+7:4Lit He is worthy to whom you will cause/grant this. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:5Or our nation.+7:5Cf Gn 12:3.+7:6Cf Jn 4:9, 18:28; Ac 10:28, 11:1-3; Ga 2:12.+7:7Lit consider myself appropriate/fit/worthy to come to you. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NET, NRSV, RSV.+7:7Lit say a word. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+7:8Lit under myself. ME. Cf NCV.+7:9Lit amazed at him.+7:11Lit he.+7:11Lit and his disciples and a large crowd were going along with him. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+7:12Lit She.+7:12Lit crowd. ME(H)/IT (see HNTC [Lk], 105). Cf TEV.+7:13Lit saw her.+7:13Or he was moved with compassion for her. Lit he was moved in the inward parts for her. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072). Cf NIV.+7:14Or get up, or arise.+7:14Cf Mt 9:24; Mk 5:41; Jn 11:11; 1 Th 4:15; Eph 5:14.+7:15Lit he.+7:16Or and they began glorifying. Both inceptive action and progressive action are conceivable with the verbal aspect (imperfective) in this context.+7:17Lit about him.+7:17Or throughout the surrounding countryside, or throughout the neighboring territory. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 302. Cf also Lk 4:37, where a city, rather than a region, is the center point.+7:19Lit sent [them] to the Lord, saying. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:19This is most likely an allusion to Ml 3:1-4. See note at Mt 11:3. The same applies here.+7:20Lit came to him.+7:21Lit In/at that hour. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 304). Cf NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:21Lit he.+7:22Or the weak, or the poor, or the humble, or the afflicted. ME(OTB) (see notes at Mt 5:3 and Lk 4:18).+7:22These are allusions to Is 35:5-6 and 61:1 (LXX). Cf Lk 4:18; Jm 2:5.+7:23Lit and, or also. IT. What follows is a second part to the message. Cf NLT.+7:23Or fall away, or take offense. This may be an allusion to Is 8:14 (following a string of other allusions to Isaiah). Cf Ps 118:22; Is 28:16; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+7:24Lit he.+7:27Lit before your face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.19).+7:27Ml 3:1+7:28Lit among those born of women. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mt], 326). Cf NLT, TEV.+7:28Or least.+7:28Cf Is 60:21-22.+7:29Or especially, or including.+7:29Cf the parallelisms and themes in Ps Sol 2:16, 3:3-5, 4:9, 8:7, 8:27-40, and 9:3, where God is the object of δικαιόω ( dikaioō). Note also that the judgments “vindicated” include judgments/decisions of all sorts: decisions to give mercy and salvation, to administer discipline or punishment, etc. For examples of “justifying” (or failing to “justify”) God, see Ex 9:27; Dt 32:4; 1 Ch 16:8ff; Ezr 9:15; Ps 36:6, 48:11 (note God’s decision to “save” man and beast), 116:5, 145:17; Ezk 18:25-29, 33:17-20; Dn 4:37; Ho 14:9; Re 16:5-7, 19:2. That God’s judgments are in view here is confirmed contextually (note the presence of βουλή in v 30).+7:30Or plan, or purpose, or decision, or counsel.+7:30Or for themselves, or with reference to themselves.+7:30Or ( All the people, when they heard this, declared that God’s judgments are just, for they had been baptized by John. The Pharisees and the Torah-experts, however, had rejected the will of God concerning themselves, for they had not been baptized by him.) Vv 29-30 can be interpreted as part of Jesus’ own words, or as a parenthetical comment made by Luke (see ESS [Lk], 307; UBSHS [Lk], 310-11).+7:32Lit played the flute. ME(H) (see note at Mt 11:17).+7:32Lit sang a dirge. ME(H) (see note at Mt 11:17).+7:33Lit John the Baptizer has come neither eating bread nor drinking wine. ME(OTB/H) (see note at Mt 11:18).+7:34Lit The Son of Man has come eating and drinking. See note at v 33 above.+7:35Here “wisdom” is being personified. Cf, eg, Pr 1:20, 8:1. Cf also Mt 23:34 and Lk 11:49.+7:35Cf Pr 2:20, 5:7, 7:24, 8:1, 32; Mt 11:19, 23:34; Lk 11:49.+7:36Lit him.+7:36Lit he.+7:37Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+7:37Lit Behold, a woman who was in the town a sinner. ME. Cf NASB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:37Lit he.+7:38Or began.+7:41Lit five hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24; NET Bible Notes, Lk 7:41).+7:41Lit fifty [denarii]. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24).+7:42Lit When they. Cf NIV, TEV.+7:42Lit Which of them.+7:42Lit him.+7:43Lit he.+7:45Lit gave. ME/IT (see L-N, 34.62). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:47Lit as evidenced by the fact that she loved much. Following the evidentiary interpretation of ὅτι ( hoti) in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 7:47; UBSHS [Lk], 324). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+7:48Lit to her.+7:49Or among.+7:49Lit Who is this man who forgives even sins? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 325). Cf NLT.+8:1Lit he.+8:3Lit who. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV.+8:3Lit providing for them, or ministering to them. “Them” here is referring to Jesus and the Twelve. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:4Lit to him.+8:5Lit the birds of the sky. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, Mt 13:32). Cf NET.+8:8Lit He who has ears to hear, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+8:9Lit him.+8:9Lit what this parable might be. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 331). Cf most English translations.+8:10Lit To you it has been entrusted/granted/given to understand the mysteries.+8:10Cf Dn 2:17-47, 4:9; Rm 11:25, 16:25; 1 Co 4:1-2, 13:2, 14:2, 15:51; Eph 1:9, 3:3-9, 5:32, 6:19; Col 1:26-27, 2:2, 4:3; 1 Ti 3:9, 16; Re 1:20, 10:7, 17:5.+8:10Is 6:9+8:11Lit The parable is this. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:11Or word, or teaching. So throughout this section.+8:12Lit lest having believed they be saved. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+8:13Lit root they do not have. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:13Lit who.+8:13Or temptation.+8:13Lit in a time of testing. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+8:13Cf Job 1-2; Ps 31:15; Jm 5:11.+8:15Lit in/by/with patient endurance. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+8:15Cf Rm 5:1-5; Jm 5:7-11.+8:17Cf Dt 29:29; Pr 25:2; Dn 2:21-22.+8:18Lit Therefore, see how you hear/listen. ME (see BDAG, 179, sv βλέπω 4, 6; L-N, 31.56). Cf NET.+8:18Lit For he who has, it will be given/granted/entrusted to him. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+8:18Cf Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-12, 13:52, 25:29; Eph 1:7-9, 16-18.+8:18Lit and he who does not have, even what he thinks he has. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+8:18Cf Is 5:13; Ho 4:4-6, 6:7-10; Mic 3:9-12; Zp 3:4; Mal 2:7-9; Mt 21:33-46; Rm 11:7-15, 25.+8:19Lit his.+8:21Lit he.+8:21Or do, or put into practice.+8:22Lit he.+8:23Lit he.+8:23Lit and they were filling with water, or and they were being swamped. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:24Lit They.+8:24Lit He.+8:25Lit They.+8:25Lit and the water. Cf HCSB, NLT, TEV.+8:25Cf Gn 1:9, 8:1-5; Jb 38:11; Ps 18:15, 89:9, 93:4, 102:5-7, 106:9, 107:29; Jr 5:22.+8:27Lit he.+8:27Lit he.+8:28Or Leave me alone! Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 8:29).+8:28Or tormented, or tortured. Cf TEV.+8:29Lit he.+8:29Lit It.+8:29Lit him.+8:29Lit he.+8:31Lit they.+8:31Lit him.+8:31Lit that he might not command them to depart to. ME. Cf HCSB.+8:32Lit They.+8:32Lit with him.+8:32Lit into those.+8:35Lit they.+8:36Lit them.+8:36Or saved, or healed.+8:37Lit him.+8:37Lit He.+8:38Lit him.+8:39Lit he.+8:41Or began pleading.+8:42Lit because there was to him an only daughter, about twelve years, and she was dying. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:43Many manuscripts have another clause here: “having spent all her money on doctors” (NET). For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, Lk 8:43.+8:43Lit who was not able to be healed from no one. ME. Cf NCV, ISV, TEV.+8:44Lit the tassel. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 9:20). Cf Nu 15:37-41; Dt 22:12.+8:44Lit his.+8:44Lit her flow of blood. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:46Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+8:48Lit he.+8:49Lit No longer bother. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 359). Cf NLT.+8:50Lit answered him. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+8:50Or Just trust, or Just believe.+8:50Or healed, or delivered.+8:51Lit he.+8:52Lit for her. Cf NCV, TEV.+8:52Lit he.+8:52IT. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:53Lit she.+8:54Lit He.+8:54Lit her.+8:54Or get up, or arise.+8:55Lit her.+8:55Or breath, or life.+8:55Lit he.+8:56Lit Her.+8:56Lit he.+9:1Lit he.+9:1Cf Mk 9:29.+9:3Lit two tunics, or two inner garments. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+9:4Or house, or household.+9:4Lit there, or in that place. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+9:5Lit And as many as. IT. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV. Both people and a place are implied here.+9:6Lit they.+9:7Lit the tetrarch. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 14:1, Lk 3:1).+9:7Lit because of the to be being said by some. ME. Cf HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT.+9:9Or kept trying.+9:9Lit to see him.+9:10Lit him.+9:10Lit according to that which is private. ME(I/F) (see note at Mk 4:10).+9:13Lit he.+9:13Lit we have no more than. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:14Lit them. Cf NCV, TEV.+9:14Lit he.+9:15Lit And they did thus. Cf NET, NIV, TEV.+9:16ME(H)/IT. The “loaves” were not long like those in supermarkets today, but were small and round (one person might normally eat three during a meal). Five loaves might have been enough for two people (see L-N, 5.8; UBSHS [Mt], 460).+9:16Or pickled. ME(H)/IT. The fish were not raw, but were cooked or pickled (see UBSHS [Mt], 460; UBSHS [Mk], 205).+9:16Lit he.+9:16Or heaven.+9:16Or asked God’s blessing upon them. Lit blessed them. ME (see note at Mt 14:19).+9:17Lit And all ate and were satisfied. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462). Cf CJB, NLT.+9:17Lit And what was left by them was taken up/removed/carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+9:18Lit he.+9:18Lit according to that which is alone/private. ME (see note at Mk 4:10). The context indicates that “private” or “alone” here means “away from the crowd,” not “all by himself” (since others are obviously with him).+9:20τίνα ( tina) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+9:21Lit he.+9:22See note at Mt 16:21. The same applies here.+9:22Cf Ps 22; Is 53.+9:22Ps 118:22+9:22Cf Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-8; Dt 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+9:22Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4, 20.+9:23Lit come after me. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 4:19, 10:38, and 16:24).+9:23Cf 1 Co 15:31.+9:23Cf Jn 6:66.+9:24Or wants, or intends, or purposes.+9:24Or for.+9:25Lit What is a person going to be profited/benefited...? See note at Mt 16:26.+9:25Or suffers the loss of.+9:26A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+9:26Cf Is 40:5; Jr 3:17, 17:12; Ezk 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23; Dn 7:13-14.+9:26Cf Mt 13:41.+9:27Cf Is 4:4:2-6, 60:1; Dn 2:34-35, 2:44-45, 7:21-22; 1 Co 4:20; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Pe 1:16-20.+9:28Lit After these words about eight days. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+9:31Or his departure, or his death. Something more than a euphemism for death may be in view here (cf Ex 19:1, Nu 33:38, 1 Ki 6:1, Ps 104:38 [105:38 in the MT], Ps 113:1 [114:1 in the MT] in the LXX, and Heb 11:22. Cf also Is 42:1-17, 43:3-6, 48:16-21). On the other hand, see 2 Pt 1:15, where “exodus/departure” is clearly a euphemism for death (cf L-N, 23.101; UBSHS [Lk], 382).+9:31Or fulfill, or carry out.+9:32Lit were weighed down with sleep, or were burdened by sleep. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.71). Cf CJB, TEV.+9:33Lit As they were leaving him.+9:33Cf Lv 23:42.+9:34Cf Ex 13:21-22, 14:19-24, 19:16-18, 20:18, 24:15-18, 33:9-10, 40:28-29; 2 Ch 7:1; Dt 4:33, 5:24-26; Is 4:2-6; Ezk 1:4-6, 25-28; Mt 17:5.+9:34Lit they.+9:35Cf Is 42:1, 49:7.+9:35Lit Hear him. ME (see L-N, 36.14).+9:35Cf Jn 5:45-46; Ac 3:22-23.+9:36Lit And in the voice to have happened. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:36Lit Jesus was found alone. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 385). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:36Lit They.+9:36Lit in those days. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:37Lit when they.+9:37Lit a large crowd met him. Following the structuring of the NIV and TEV at Lk 8:27 in translation here.+9:38Lit look upon. ME (see ANLEX, 162, sv ἐπιβλέπω 1).+9:39Lit and it throws him into convulsions with foaming. ME. Cf NET.+9:42Lit he.+9:43Lit he.+9:44Lit Put you these words into your ears. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.64, 29.5). Cf ISV, NIV, NLT.+9:45Lit they.+9:45Lit But they didn’t understand this statement. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT.+9:45Lit grasp it.+9:45Cf Mk 6:52; 1 Co 2:6-10.+9:46Lit among them.+9:47Lit knowing the thought of their hearts. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+9:48Lit in my name. ME (see notes at Mt 10:41).+9:48An actual situation beyond what is immediately apparent to the person who welcomes is implied in this context.+9:49Lit is not accompanying us. ME (see note at Mt 4:19; UBSHS [Mk], 297). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:51Lit the days. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:51Lit In the to be drawing near the days of his being taken up. ME. Cf most English translations.+9:51Lit he set his face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 30.80).+9:51Cf Jn 11:8-10.+9:52Lit before his face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.19). Cf most English translations.+9:53Lit but they.+9:53Lit his face was going. ME(I/F). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET.+9:54Or from the sky.+9:54Cf 2 Ki 1:9-14.+9:55Lit he.+9:55Some manuscripts add: “And he said, ‘You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of Man came not to destroy people’s lives but to save them’ ” (ESV).+9:55Cf 2 Pt 3:9.+9:58Lit the birds of the sky. ME (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, Mt 13:32). Cf NET at Mt 13:32.+9:58Lit has no place to lay his head. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.83). Cf TEV.+9:58Cf 1 Co 4:11; Heb 11:9-10.+9:59Lit Follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+9:59Lit he.+9:60Lit he.+10:3Lit Go. Behold…. ME. Cf CJB, NCV.+10:4Lit Greet no one along the way. ME(H/OTB) (see ESS [Lk], 451; NET Bible Notes, Mt 23:7; UBSHS [Lk], 403). Cf 2 Ki 4:29. In certain cultures, greetings can take a very long time, and among first century Jews, were often quite elaborate. The point here is the urgency of the mission. Following the lead of the NET Bible at 2 Ki 4:29 in translation here. Cf CEV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+10:5Or house, or household. So throughout this section.+10:6Lit there, or in/at that place.+10:6Lit son.+10:6Or And if a person of peace is there.+10:6Cf 1 Sm 16:4-5.+10:6Cf 2 Ki 2:23-25.+10:9Lit in it.+10:9Lit say to them. This is referring not just to the sick, but to all the people in the town (see UBSHS [Lk], 405). Cf TEV.+10:10Lit they.+10:10Lit go into its.+10:12Cf Mt 10:15.+10:15Or to heaven.+10:15Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 11:22). In the LXX, the word ᾅδης ( Hadēs) is used to translate the Hebrew word “Sheol” (see, eg, Ps 6:5, 9:17).+10:17Other manuscripts read seventy. For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, LK 10:1.+10:18Lit he.+10:19Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+10:19Or and scorpions, and [authority] over.+10:19Or host, or power. In the LXX, δύναμις ( dunamis) is often used to translate “army/host” (see; LALS, sv; cf DBL Greek, 1539.7).+10:19Cf Rm 8:37-39; Eph 6:10-20.+10:19Or and nothing will harm you.+10:20Cf Ex 32:32; Ps 69:28; Is 4:3; Dn 12:1; Php 4:3; Heb 12:23; Re 13:8, 20:12, 21:27.+10:21Or At that very time. Lit In that very hour. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:21Lit he.+10:21Or praise.+10:21Lit the wise and understanding. ME(H) (see translation and note at Mt 11:25). Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, TEV.+10:21Or revealed them, or disclosed them, or unveiled them.+10:21Lit to small children. ME(I/F/OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 11:25).+10:21Cf Is 29:14; 1 Co 1:18-2:16.+10:21Or that such was your gracious will, or that such was pleasing to you. Lit that such was well-pleasing in your sight. ME(I/F/OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 11:26).+10:22Lit to me. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 3:3, 6:37-40, 10:27-29, 16:15, 17:6-11)+10:22Or all things.+10:22Or no one knows. Cf CJB, NLT. The context indicates that “knowledge” here is to be understood in terms of a qualified distinction, not in terms of the presence or absence of any information at all. In other words, the “wise and learned” (v 21) in Israel obviously had access to information about God in the Scriptures, as did prophets and kings from the past (vv 23-24). What is implied here contextually is explicit in Matthew’s account (ἐπιγινώσκει [ epiginōskei] is used in Mt 11:27).+10:22Or desires, or wills.+10:22Or reveal him, or unveil him, or disclose him.+10:23Lit according to that which is private. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 28.67). Cf most English translations.+10:23Cf 1 Co 2:6-16.+10:24Cf 1 Pt 1:10-12.+10:25This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+10:26Or What do you read there? Or How do you understand it? Lit How do you read [it]? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 417). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, RSV, TEV.+10:27Lit He.+10:27Dt 6:5+10:27Lv 19:18+10:29Lit he.+10:30Lit and inflicted blows [on him]. ME. Cf most English translations.+10:33Lit upon him.+10:33Cf Jn 4:9, 8:48.+10:34Lit him.+10:34Or donkey, or pack animal.+10:35Lit took out two denarii. ME(H)/IT. (see note at Mt 18:24).+10:35Lit and whatever you might spend in addition. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, ISV.+10:37Lit he.+10:38Lit as they. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:38Lit he.+10:39Lit She, or This woman. Cf NCV.+10:39Lit was listening to his word/message/teaching. Cf NCV.+10:40Lit was being dragged around/overburdened about much serving. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 25.238). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, TEV. “Food and drink” is implied in διακονία ( diakonia) here (see L-N, 46.13).+10:42Or better.+11:1Lit He.+11:1Lit please teach us to pray. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 428). The context (cf vv 2-4) indicates that the disciples are asking Jesus for instruction related to the content of prayer.+11:2Lit he.+11:2Or may your Name be treated as holy, or may your Name be set apart. Lit let your Name be sanctified. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 6:9). Cf Is 29:23; Ezk 36:23, 38:16, 39:27.+11:3Lit bread.+11:3Or our daily bread/food, or our bread/food for the coming day. See note at Mt 6:11. Cf Ex 16; Ps 78:25, 105:40; Pr 30:8-9; 2 Co 8:15; 1 Ti 6:6-9.+11:4Lit everyone who is indebted to us. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 88.298; UBSHS [Lk], 429). Cf ISV, NET, NIV, NLT.+11:4See note at Mt 6:13. The same applies here. Cf NLT.+11:4Cf Mk 14:38; 1 Co 10:13; Jm 1:13.+11:5Lit Who among you will have a friend and will go to him...?. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV.+11:6Lit and I do not have what I will set before him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+11:7Lit my children along with me. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+11:8Lit to him.+11:8Lit because he is his friend. This rendering has been chosen to avoid ambiguity that could arise because of the number of third-person singular references used in this verse. Cf NCV, NLT; UBSHS (Lk), 432.+11:9Lit it. IT. Cf NLT.+11:12Lit he.+11:12Lit him.+11:13Cf Jm 1:17.+11:14Lit and. Cf NCV, NLT.+11:14Lit he.+11:14Lit driving out a mute demon. ME. Cf CEV, NLT. It seems that the demon is called “mute” because of the problems it causes in the man (see ESS [Lk], 502; NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:14).+11:14Lit the mute [man].+11:16Or from the sky. Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+11:17Lit He.+11:17Lit a house against house. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, RSV.+11:19IT. Cf NCV, NLT.+11:19Lit sons. ME(I/F). In this context, “sons” means “followers” or “disciples” (see L-N, 36.39, 36.40; NET Bible Notes, Re 2:23). Cf ISV.+11:19Lit For that reason they will be the judges of you. ME (see note at Mt 12:27). Cf TEV.+11:20Cf Ex 8:19, 31:18; Dt 9:10; Ps 8:3.+11:21Or the strong man.+11:21Or his own house.+11:21Lit in peace.+11:22Lit he.+11:22Lit his.+11:22Lit the spoils of him. Making the information compressed in the genitive explicit in translation.+11:23Cf Ezk 34:1-24; Jn 10:1-18.+11:24Or rest, or a place of rest.+11:24Lit to my house from where I came out.+11:27Lit he.+11:27Lit raised the voice. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.78). Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+11:27Lit Blessed is the womb that carried you and the breasts at which you nursed. ME (see ESS [Lk], 517; L-N, 8.37; UBSHS [Lk], 444). Cf CJB, NIV, NLT. The point here is that Jesus’ mother was blessed because she had received the honor and privilege of being the mother of someone as important as Jesus.+11:27Cf Lk 1:48.+11:28Lit He.+11:29Or As the crowds were increasing. Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+11:29Cf Dt 6:16; Is 7:12, 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Am 5:18; Hab 3:11; Mal 3:15; Mt 15:1-4, 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Ac 5:9; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+11:32Lit at the proclamation of Jonah. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+11:34Lit When it.+11:34Lit evil. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 6:23).+11:37Lit he.+11:38Lit did not baptize himself. ME(H) (see BDAG, 164, sv βαπτίζω 1; UBSHS [Lk], 450). Cf HCSB, NLT.+11:40Cf Gn 2:7; 1 Sm 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; Ps 17:2, 33:15, 139:23; Is 42:5, Jr 11:20, 17:10, 20:12; Zc 12:1; Rm 8:27; Re 2:23.+11:41Lit inwardly. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:41). Cf NET.+11:41Or But give to the poor inwardly, or But give to the poor with respect to the things which are inside. Following the NET in the adverbial accusative interpretation of τὰ ἐνόντα ( ta enonta) here (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:41).+11:42Lit For you tithe mint and rue and all other kinds of herbs. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see ESS [Lk], 534; NAC [Lk], 340). Cf Lv 27:30-33; Dt 14:22-29; 2 Ch 31:5-12.+11:43ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 23:7). Cf NET.+11:44Lit and the people/men who walk over [them] don’t realize [it]. ME(OTB)/IT (see ESS [Lk], 536; JFB, 2:110; UBSHS [Lk], 454; translation and notes at Mt 23:27; NLT). Cf Lv 21:1-4, 11; Nu 19:16.+11:46Lit he.+11:46Lit For you load people down with loads hard to bear. ME(I/F/H) (see notes at Mt 11:28-30 and 16:19; UBSHS [Mt], 703).+11:46Lit but you don’t touch the loads with one of your fingers. ME(I/F/H) (see note at Mt 16:19). Cf Mt 11:28-30, 16:17-19, 18:15-20, 23:4; Ac 15:10-11.+11:47Lit For you build the tombs of the prophets. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 23:29). Cf CEV.+11:47Or fathers, or forefathers.+11:48Lit approve of the deeds of your ancestors. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:48Lit killed them.+11:50Lit so that it will be required of this generation. ME(I/F/OTB) (see, eg, Gn 9:5, 42:22; 2 Sm 4:11; Ezk 3:18). Following the lead of the NLT at Gn 42:22 in the translation of the idiom here.+11:51Lit It will be required of this generation. ME(I/F/OTB) (see note at “answer for” in v 50 above). Cf the TEV at Gn 42:22. Cf also the CJB, NCV, and TEV here.+11:51Cf Is 65:6-7; Mt 23:35-36.+11:52Or knowledge, or insight.+11:53Lit he.+11:54Lit him to catch in something from his mouth. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 459). Cf NEB, REB.+12:1Lit During/in which things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 461).+12:1Lit he.+12:2Cf Ec 12:14; Rm 2:16, 14:10; 1 Co 4:5.+12:3Lit in the dark. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.71). Cf Mt 10:27; Mk 4:34.+12:3Lit in the light. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.64).+12:3Lit in the inner rooms. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 462). Cf CJB, NLT, NRSV.+12:3Lit into the ear. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.73).+12:3Cf Ac 2.+12:5Cf Gn 31:42, 53; Jb 28:28; Ps 111:10; Pr 1:7, 9:10, 15:33; Ec 12:3; Is 2:22, 8:13, 11:3.+12:5Ie, the second death, or eternal torment in a resurrected body in the lake of fire. Cf Is 66:24; Mt 5:29-30, 23:33, 10:28; Mk 9:42-49; Lk 12:5; Ac 24:15; Jn 5:28-29; Re 2:11, 14:11, 20:6, 20:14-15, 21:8.+12:6Lit two assaria. These were small Roman copper coins, each worth 1/16 of a day’s wage (see BSL, Lk 12:6, sv ἀσσάριον; L-N, 6.77).+12:6Lit before God. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 465). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:8Lit him.+12:12Lit in/at that hour. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:12Cf Eph 6:19.+12:13Lit to him.+12:13Or to share with me, or to divide with me. Cf CEV; UBSHS (Lk), 469.+12:13Cf Dt 21:17.+12:14Or Friend, or Man.+12:14Lit who appointed me as judge and arbitrator/divider over you? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 469). Cf TEV.+12:15Lit because his life is not in the to be abounding to someone from the possessions to him. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 470).+12:18Lit and I will store there. Cf TEV.+12:19Lit Soul. Following the TEV in translation here. Cf also UBSHS (Lk), 472.+12:20Cf Ps 39:6, 49:10-12, 73:16-18; Jb 27:17-22; Ec 2:18-26; Jr 17:11.+12:21Lit is not rich toward God, or is not rich in God, or is not rich with reference to God. ME (see BDAG, 831, sv πλουτέω 831; UBSHS [Lk], 474). Cf TEV.+12:22Lit he.+12:24VPR. See VCC (Mt 6:26).+12:24Cf Ps 145:15-16.+12:25Or add a cubit to his height.+12:28The oven of this time was “a dome-like structure made of clay, in which wood and dried grass were burned, and then after being heated, was used for baking bread” ( L-N, 7.74).+12:30Lit the Gentiles of the world. Cf HCSB.+12:30Or that seeks after. See note at Mt 6:33.+12:31Or continually seek. See note at Mt 6:33.+12:32Cf Ps 40:13, 44:3, 75:2, 77:7-9, 85:1-7, 102:13, 149:4; Dn 7:18, 22, 27; Is 54:8, 60:10; Zc 1:7-17; Ac 1:7.+12:35Lit Your loins must be girded and your lamps burning. ME(I/F) (see NET Bible Notes, Jb 38:3; UBSHS [1 Pt], 33; UBSHS [Jb], 694). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+12:36Lit men. The context indicates that the men are servants in a master’s household. Cf NCV, TEV.+12:37Or alert.+12:37Lit he.+12:38According to Roman custom, the second watch would be 9pm-12am, and the third watch would be 12am-3am. According to Jewish custom, the second watch would be 10pm-2am, and the third watch would be 2am-6am (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 51; NET Bible Notes, Lk 12:28).+12:38Lit finds [them] thus.+12:39Or known. Cf Mt 24:33, 38-39.+12:40Or at.+12:40Lit an hour. ME (see note at Mt 24:36).+12:40Cf Mt 24:32-39.+12:42Or faithful.+12:42Or manager. Cf 1 Co 4:2.+12:43Lit the master of him. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT; NET at Mt 24:46.+12:44Lit He.+12:44Lit him.+12:45Cf 2 Pt 3:4-9, 15.+12:45Lit begins to beat the male slaves and the female slaves. ME. Cf NASB, NCV, NET, NRSV.+12:46Or on.+12:46Lit he.+12:46Lit an hour. ME (see note at Mt 24:36).+12:46Cf Is 11:3-4; Re 1:16, 2:16.+12:46Lit his.+12:46Lit his portion he will put with the unfaithful/unbelieving. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 763).+12:46Or to the unbelieving.+12:47Lit or did not do according to his will. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 490). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+12:47Lit will be beaten with many (strokes). ME. Cf CJB, NASB, NLT, TEV. “ Beating here probably refers to beating with a stick or whip” ( UBSHS [Lk], 490).+12:48Lit deserving of blows/strokes. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:48Cf Ac 9:15-16; 2 Co 11:23-12:10.+12:49Lit came to, or have come to. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+12:49Or to the earth.+12:50Lit I have a baptism to be baptized [with]. ME. Cf NASB, NET, NIV.+12:52Or in one and the same household.+12:53Lit against her daughter-in-law.+12:53A reference to Mi 7:6.+12:54Lit He.+12:54Cf NLT.+12:57Lit Why do you not judge what is right also/even of yourselves? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 496).+12:57Cf 1 Co 6:1-11.+12:59Lit the last lepton. “The smallest and least valuable copper coin in use” (HCSB footnote).+12:59IT. Cf NCV, TEV.+13:1Lit him.+13:1Lit whose blood Pilate mixed with their sacrifices. ME(I/F/H)/IT (see L-N, 63.10; UBSHS [Lk], 499). Cf CEV, CJB, NLT, TEV.+13:2Lit he.+13:4Lit debtors. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 88.300).+13:6Lit he.+13:6Lit He.+13:8Lit leave it also this year. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, NCV, NIV, TEV.+13:8Lit until. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 503).+13:8Lit I will dig around it and throw/put manure. ME(H) (see BDAG, 926, sv σκάπτω 2; L-N, 43.3; UBSHS [Lk], 503).+13:10Lit he.+13:11Lit a woman who had a spirit of infirmity/weakness. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 505). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, LEB, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV NRSV.+13:14Cf Ex 20:9.+13:14Lit on them.+13:14Lit and not on the day of the Sabbath. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+13:16Lit daughter. ME (see L-N, 10.31). Cf ISV, TEV.+13:16Lit on the day of the Sabbath.+13:17Lit he.+13:17Lit All the crowd. Cf ESV, NIV, NLT, RSV.+13:17Lit over all the wonderful things that were being done by him. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+13:18Lit he.+13:19Lit it became a tree. See note at Mt 13:32. The same applies here.+13:19Dn 4:12; Ezk 17:23.+13:19Cf Ps 47:7; Is 2:2-4, 9:6-7, 60:1-16; Dn 2:34-35, 44-45; Zc 14:9, 16; Ml 1:14; Ac 10:9-48.+13:21Lit like leaven, or like yeast. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 13:33).+13:21Or mixed into, or kneaded into.+13:21Or 39.4 liters. Lit three sata. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Mt], 426). Cf HCSB, TEV.+13:21Or all of it was leavened, or all of it was fermented, or all of it was swollen up. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, TEV; L-N, 5.12.+13:21Cf Lv 23:17; Mk 4:26-28; Rm 11:11-16; 1 Co 15:20-23; Eph 1:13-14; Col 1:24-29, 3:1-3.+13:22Lit He.+13:23Lit will those being/going to be saved be few? ME. Cf ISV, NET, NIV.+13:24Or Make every effort. Drawing from L-N in translation here (see L-N, 68.74). Cf CEV.+13:24Lit he.+13:25Lit I don’t you from where you are. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+13:26Lit ate before you and drank. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 249).+13:27Lit workers/doers of unrighteousness. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NET, NLT.+13:29Lit they. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+13:31Lit At that very hour. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 517).+13:31Lit Depart and go from here. Cf CEV.+13:31Or wants.+13:32Lit He.+13:32Or and on the third day I will be perfected/consecrated, or and on the third day I will reach the goal, or and on the third day I will complete my work.+13:33Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+13:34Cf 2 Ch 24:19; 36:15, 16; Ne 9:26; Jr 37:15, 38:6.+13:35Lit Your house is left to you, or Your house is deserted/abandoned to you. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NASB, NIV.+13:35Ps 118:26. Cf Zc 12:10-14.+14:1Lit he.+14:1Lit one of the leaders/rulers of the Pharisees. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 521).+14:1Lit to eat bread. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 521). Cf NLT, TEV.+14:1Lit they. Cf UBSHS [Lk], 521.+14:2Lit A certain man was in a state of dropsy/edema in front of him. ME (see ANLEX, 387, sv ὑδρωπικός; UBSHS [Lk], 521). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+14:3Lit And answering/in response. Cf ISV, NET.+14:3Lit Is it lawful…? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+14:5Lit on the day of the Sabbath. Cf NLT, TEV.+14:6Lit And they were not able to make a reply to these things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 523). Cf CEV.+14:7Lit he.+14:9Lit the one.+14:9\ft Lit you and him. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV.+14:9Lit occupying. ME. Cf TEV.+14:10Lit the one who invited you. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+14:10Lit move up higher. ME (see BDAG, 92, sv ἀνώτερος; BSL, Lk 14:10, sv ἀνώτερος; UBSHS [Lk], 526). Cf NCV.+14:10Lit Then there will be to you honor/glory. ME. Cf most English translations.+14:12Lit He.+14:12Or reward.+14:14Cf Ac 24:15; Rm 2:6-11.+14:15Lit with him.+14:15Lit eat bread. ME (see BDAG, 396, sv ἐσθίω 1.a.; UBSHS [Lk], 529). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+14:15Cf Is 25:6, 65:13-14; Re 19:9.+14:16Lit he.+14:17Lit at the hour of the feast. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 529).+14:18Lit from one. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 61.2). Cf NET.+14:18Lit I have necessity/pressure. ME. Cf ISV.+14:18Lit I ask you, consider me excused. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 14:18; UBSHS [Lk], 531). Cf CJB, TEV.+14:19Lit I ask you, consider me excused. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 14:18; UBSHS [Lk], 531). Cf CJB, TEV.+14:22Lit what you instructed/commanded.+14:22Lit there is still place. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+14:23Lit Go out to the roads and hedges/fences. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 14:23).+14:24Lit will taste. ME (see BDAG, 195, sv γεύομαι 1).+14:25Lit accompanying him.+14:26Lit and does not hate. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Ml 1:3; ANLEX, 264, sv 4; UBSHS [Jn], 406; translation and notes at Mt 10:37, Mt 16:25, and 1 Co 16:22). In a covenantal context, μισέω ( miseō) means to “not choose” or to “reject.” A loyalty similar to that expected in covenantal relationships is the meaning here.+14:30Lit but was not able to complete/finish [it]. ME/IT. Cf TEV.+14:31Lit is able to meet. ME. Cf NCV, NLT. In this context, “able to meet” doesn’t just mean the ability to go out and fight in battle, but the ability to win the battle despite being at a disadvantage.+14:32Lit while he.+14:34Or good. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 305).+14:34“In the ancient world...what was often sold as salt was highly adulterated and the sodium chloride could leach out in humid weather, in which case the residue (normally a form of lime) would be useless” ( L-N, 5.25).+14:35Lit He who has ears to hear, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+15:1Lit him.+15:2Lit were complaining/grumbling, saying. ME. Cf Arndt in ESS (Lk 12-24), 135.+15:3Lit He.+15:4Lit of/from them.+15:8Lit has ten drachma. ME(H)/IT (see L-N, 6.76; NET Bible Notes, Lk 15:8).+15:11Lit he.+15:12Lit he.+15:12Lit between them. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+15:12Cf Dt 21:17.+15:13Lit And after not many days. ME. Cf ISV, NLT.+15:13Lit gathered all things. ME (see BDAG, 962, sv 1.a.; L-N, 57.144; UBSHS [Lk], 547). Cf TEV.+15:15Lit joined himself to. ME(I/F) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 15:15). Cf HCSB, NET, TEV.+15:16Lit And he was longing to be satisfied with. ME. Bringing together elements from several translations here. Cf LEB, ISV, NASB, NIV, NCV, NLT.+15:17Lit have an abundance of bread. ME (see L-N, 57.24). Cf ESV, HCSB, ISV, NASB, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+15:18Lit heaven. ME(H) (see FSB, Mt 21:25). Cf NCV, TEV. “Heaven” was a common way of referring to God without saying His name directly. Cf, eg, Dn 4:26. Cf also 1 Mac 4:10.+15:20Lit he ran and fell on his neck. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 34.64).+15:26Lit what these things could possibly be. ME/EFE. A sense of astonishment seems to be implied by the optative here (see UBSHS [Lk], 553). In English, this kind of surprise sounds a bit awkward in indirect speech, and therefore direct speech has been used in translation. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 53; CJB, TEV.+15:27Lit he.+15:27Lit received him.+15:28Lit he.+15:30Lit devoured. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 57.150; UBSHS [Lk], 556). Cf NCV, TEV.+15:31Lit he.+15:31Or and everything I own is yours.+16:1Lit He.+16:1Or manager.+16:1Lit This one.+16:1Lit was accused before him [ie, the rich man].+16:1Lit his.+16:2Lit summoning him.+16:2Lit he.+16:2Lit Give back the account of your stewardship/management. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+16:3Lit the stewardship, or the management. Cf ISV, NET.+16:4Lit when I am removed from the stewardship/management.+16:4Lit they. Cf most English translations.+16:6Lit One hundred baths. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Lk], 561). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+16:6Lit he.+16:6Lit Receive. ME/IT. The use of δέχομαι ( dechomai) here implies that the steward handed the man his promissory note (see UBSHS [Lk], 561). Cf TEV.+16:6Lit he.+16:7Or to another. Cf CJB, ESV, NLT; NASB, ISV, NLT, NRSV, RSV at Mt 10:23.+16:7Lit One hundred cors. ME(H) (see UBSHS [Lk], 561). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+16:7Lit he.+16:8Or for acting so prudently.+16:8Lit the sons of this age. ME(I/F) (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 170; UBSHS [Lk], 562).+16:8Or prudent, or wise.+16:8Or in dealing with their contemporaries. Lit with respect to their own generation/kind. ME (see L-N, 10.4). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+16:8Lit than the sons of the light. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 562). Cf Jn 12:36; Eph 5:8; 1 Th 5:5-8.+16:9Lit for yourselves make friends by/from the mammon of unrighteousness. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 16:9). An overly literal rendering here is open to the impression that believers are to make friends by engaging in extortion and dishonest financial practices! The CJB, NET, NCV, NIV, NLT, and TEV are closer to the intended meaning here (translating τῆς ἀδικίας [ tēs adikias] as “worldly”), but the default setting of many if not most Western believers would be to interpret “worldly” in a Christo-Platonic way (“this world” versus “heaven” [the Platonic metaphysical or ideal realm]), rather than in terms of successive ages within history (“the present evil age” versus the “age to come”; note especially the contrast in this context between “the sons of this age” and the “sons of light”). Cf 1 Ti 6:17-19. The Scriptures are clear that wealth and riches will be part of the age to come (see, eg, Is 60:1-17; Zc 14:14), though no longer used in unrighteous ways. For many resources on Christo-Platonism and the influence it has had on Western Christianity, see www.danieltrainingnetwork.org.+16:9Cf ESV, HCSB, LEB, NASB, NLT, NRSV, RSV. A number of translations treat this as an indefinite plural. The UBSHS claims, “in many cases the preservation of the third person plural would be misleading since it suggests a reference to ‘friends’” ( UBSHS [Lk], 564). Such a claim is not only unnecessary, but also unwarranted. There is simply no good reason to suppose that the friends aren’t being referred to here. The point is that in the age to come, the friends who were on the receiving end of the generosity in the previous age are now, in the new age, joyfully welcoming into the Kingdom of God their friend who had previously loved them self-sacrificially with his/her money. Cf 2 Co 1:14, 9:6-15; Php 4:1; 1 Th 2:19.+16:9Cf 2 Co 1:14, 9:6-15; Php 4:1; 1 Th 2:19.+16:9Or tents, or booths, or dwellings. Cf Lv 23:33-43; Dt 16:13-15; Re 7:9.+16:9Cf 1 Ti 6:17-19.+16:11Lit If you have not shown yourselves trustworthy with unrighteous mammon. ME(I/F) (see note at v 16:9 above).+16:11Cf 1 Ti 6:17-19.+16:12Lit in that which belongs to another. ME (see BDAG, 47, sv ἀλλότριος 1.b.α.; UBSHS [Lk], 565). Cf NET, NIV.+16:13Lit He.+16:14Lit at him.+16:15Lit who justify yourselves. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 567). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+16:15Cf Mt 6:1-3, 16-18; 1 Sm 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; Jr 17:10; Re 2:23.+16:16Or were, or were proclaimed. There is no explicit verb in the Greek text here, which makes this verse very difficult to translate. To translate with a simple copula here (cf, eg, ESV, HCSB, RSV) is essentially meaningless, and even potentially confusing (since, quite obviously, the existence of the Tanakh is not what is being posited). “Proclaimed” (cf, eg, NASB, NCV, NIV) is a possibility based on the verb in the next clause, but, as is pointed out in the NET Bible Notes (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 16:16), it is preceding context that usually provides the compass for identifying implied verbs, and in this case, there is nothing in vv 15-16 that fits. At the same time, there is nothing present contextually to warrant translations like “were in effect” (NRSV, TEV) or “were in force” (NET). Stern is right to object to this interpretation (see Stern, JNTC, Lk 16:16). The ISV (“prophesying until”) apparently looks to Matthew for direction (ἐπροφήτευσαν [ eprophētesan] is used in Mt 11:13). This seems to me to be the safest option, especially in light of v 17, where it is asserted that there is nothing in the Law that will “fail” (cf Mt 5:18). Hence, though there are no ideal solutions, I have decided to follow the lead of the ISV in translation here.+16:16Cf Mt 3:12, 4:17.+16:17Or the sky.+16:17Lit one serif. ME (see DBL Greek, #3037).+16:19Lit being merry each day sumptuously/ostentatiously. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, NIV.+16:20Lit his.+16:21Lit and longing to be satisfied from. ME (see translation and note at Lk 15:16).+16:21Lit the things. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+16:21According to the UBSHS, this is “the climax in this description of Lazarus’ misery” (see UBSHS [Lk], 571). Cf BDAG, 45, sv ἀλλά 3; Marshall in ESS (Lk 12-24), 190.+16:22Lit it happened that. EFE. See note at Lk 1:8. Cf NIV.+16:22Lit to the bosom of Abraham. ME (see ANLEX, 234, sv κόλπος 1; BDAG, 556, sv κόλπος 1; NET Bible Notes, Jn 13:23). Cf Gn 15:15, 47:30; Dt 31:16.+16:22Lit he.+16:23Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 11:23).+16:23Lit at his bosoms. ME (see note at “next to Abraham” in v 22 above).+16:24Lit to dip the tip/end of his finger. The point of including the “tip” of the finger here is not to encourage the use of one part of the finger versus another in the dipping, but to “stress[ing] the smallness of the matter requested” ( UBSHS [Lk], 573). This is signaled in translation here through “at least.” Cf CJB.+16:25Lit remember that you received your good things in your life, and Lazarus likewise the bad things. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+16:26Lit they. Cf NET, NRSV.+16:26Lit to us. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 574).+16:27Lit he.+16:30Or No, that isn’t enough. Lit No. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 576; ESS [Lk], 198). Cf CEV, TEV.+16:30Lit he.+16:30Lit If someone goes to them. Cf NLT.+16:31Lit he.+17:1Lit He.+17:1Lit It is impossible for the stumbling blocks not to come. ME. Cf HCSB, NET.+17:1Lit but woe to. ME/IT (see ANLEX, 287, sv οὐαί 2; DBL Greek, #4026; L-N, 22.9; UBSHS [Re], 141). Cf ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+17:2Lit little ones, or small ones. ME (see note at Mt 10:42).+17:7Lit Now who of you having a slave plowing or tending the sheep, who when he has come in from the field, will say...? ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+17:7Lit who of you having a slave plowing or tending the sheep, who when he has come in from the field, will say. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+17:8Lit Prepare something that I may dine/supper. ME. Cf NASB, NCV, HCSB.+17:8Lit having girded yourself. ME(H) (see ANLEX, 308, sv περιζώννυμι; NET Bible Notes, Lk 17:8; UBSHS [1 Pt], 33). Cf NCV, NET, NIV.+17:8Lit until I have eaten and drunk, or while I eat and drink. ME. “Here eating and drinking refers to a full meal” ( UBSHS [Lk], 581).+17:9Cf NCV; L-N, 33.361.+17:9Cf TEV.+17:11Lit he.+17:12Lit ten lepers. ME. Cf NET, NIV, TEV.+17:12Cf Lv 13:46; Nu 5:2-3.+17:14Lit he.+17:14IT. The direct object is implied from the context. Cf most English translation.+17:14Lit Go and show yourselves to the priests. ME (see note at Mt 8:4). Cf CJB, TEV.+17:14Cf Lv 14:1-32.+17:14Lit cleansed. IT (see BDAG, 488, sv καθαρίζω 2). Cf HCSB, NCV.+17:15Lit one of them.+17:16Lit his.+17:16Lit He.+17:18Lit Were they not found returning...? ME/EFE. The effect intended by the question here (see UBSHS [Lk], 585) is more naturally created in modern English by something like “why.” Cf TEV. Cf also HCSB.+17:18Lit this foreigner. ME (see UBSHS [Lk]), 585.+17:19Lit to him.+17:19ἡ πίστις σου ( hē pistis sou) is in P2 (see BART Display), and thus a near demonstrative (the article is a weak demonstrative in Greek) has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+17:20μετὰ ( meta) here is interpreted as signaling an attendant circumstance (for this function of μετὰ, see BDAG, 637, sv 3.b.). This is reflected in the translation. Cf πότε ( pote) earlier in this verse. Cf also the rendering of μετὰ + verbal noun here with the CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, RSV, and TEV at 1 Ti 4:14 (ie, their renderings of μετὰ ἐπιθέσεως τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ πρεσβυτερίου [ meta epitheseōs tōn cheirōn tou presbuteriou]). Jesus is not side-stepping the question here.+17:20Lit with careful watching, or with observation. The best and most accurate translations (relatively) here are the ASV, KJV, NIV (with the exception of the personal pronoun), and NKJV. Though some might argue that they are too literal, at least readers come away knowing that a verbal idea is in focus here. Although παρατήρησις ( paratētēsis) is sometimes used in ancient literature for the observation of cosmic signs (see BDAG, 771, sv 1), it is by no means limited to this use. In the NT, the verbal cognate on which παρατήρησις is based (παρατηρέω [ paratēreō]) simply means, in every instance but one, to “watch closely” or to “watch carefully” (see Mk 3:2; Lk 6:7, 14:1; Lk 20:20; Ac 9:24; the only exception is Ga 4:10, where it means to observe a custom or tradition). Although various translations are to be commended for trying to make some sense of and to convey the intended meaning here, to translate παρατήρησις as “signs to be observed” (cf NASB, NET, RSV) or “things that can be observed” (cf HCSB, LEB, NRSV) not only obscures the fact that a verbal idea is in focus here, but also has no contextual grounding. In fact, such renderings flatly contradict Jesus’ teaching elsewhere (see Mt 24; Mk 13; Lk 21), in which he goes into great detail concerning a number of different kinds of signs (including “signs in the sun and moon and stars” [Lk 21:25, NET]) that will let us know when his return is near (Mt 24:32), ie, when the “kingdom of God is near” (Lk 21:31, NET). The NAC’s claim that “without observation” means “that the messianic age will not be preceded by signs that will enable one to predict beforehand its arrival” ( NAC [Lk], 437), therefore, is simply wrong. Also without contextual warrant are translations like “in ways that can be observed” (ESV), or “such a way as to be seen” (TEV), or “with a visible display” (ISV), or “with visible signs” (CJB), because just four verses later, Jesus says that “just like the lighting flashes and lights up the sky from one side to the other, so will the Son of Man be in his day” (NET). I would argue that the King of Glory himself coming in the sky like lighting certainly qualifies as a “visible display,” and as something that takes place in “such a way” as can be “seen”! Furthermore, in Mt 24:30, Jesus also states that when he returns (and his “kingdom” comes; see Lk 21:30), the “sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky” (NIV). “Signs” that “appear” in the sky mean that the kingdom will come with the accompaniment of at least one “visible sign”! Jesus’ statement here in v 20 is best interpreted in light of his exposition in the verses that immediately follow. In other words, the kingdom of God will come in context to a time/generation similar to that of Noah. Noah himself knew that the flood was coming, because God had warned him about it, and thus he was “watching closely” for it. The others of his generation, however, weren’t watching for it, and it came upon them suddenly and without warning (cf Mt 24:38-39). Similarly, in the “day” (v 24), ie, the “generation” (v 25), of the Son of Man, most people will not be “watching closely,” ie, expecting the “flood” that will come upon the earth at the end of the age, and which will culminate when the Messiah descends from the sky in power to set up His kingdom. Jesus’ disciples, however, will not be surprised by his coming and the intense events that precede it, because they will have been “closely watching” the unfolding of the signs for which Jesus himself had told them to watch (see Mt 24; cf 1 Th 5:4).+17:21Or is going to come into your midst. VPR. See VCC (Lk 17:21).+17:21Cf Ex 34:9; Dt 7:21-24, 23:14; Nu 14:14; Ps 21:9; Is 52:12, 60:1-2; Zp 3:15-20 (cf also LXX); Zc 2:5, 2:10-11, 9:14-17 (see esp LXX), 12:10-14, 14:3-21; Re 1:7.+17:22Lit days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+17:22Or see/witness even a moment of the glorious reign of the Son of Man. Lit see/witness one/the first of the days of the Son of Man. ME (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 221; UBSHS [Lk], 588). The interpretation of Bock, Geldenhuys, and Hendriksen makes the most sense in this context, which highlights the time of transition from end of this evil age to the beginning of the Messianic age, with the line of demarcation being the Second Coming (v 23ff). Having said that, the idea of “even one” or “even a moment” is also conceivable here, since the disciples are “longing” for the Messianic age.+17:23Lit They. This is an indefinite plural. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV.+17:23Cf Mt 24:5, 26; Mk 15:7; Lk 21:8-9; Ac 5:35-37, 21:38.+17:24Or under heaven.+17:24Or under heaven. Cf Is 30:30; Ha 3:4; Zc 9:14 (see esp LXX).+17:24Lit in his day. ME (see notes at Mt 24:36).+17:25Ps 118:22+17:26Lit in the days.+17:26Lit in the days.+17:27Lit They were eating, drinking. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 333, 755; UBSHS [Lk], 249).+17:27Cf Gn 6-8.+17:28Lit in the days.+17:28Lit Likewise, just as it was in the days of Lot. ME. Cf HCSB, TEV.+17:28Lit They were eating, drinking. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 333, 755; UBSHS [Lk], 249).+17:29Or from heaven.+17:30Lit in/at which day.+17:31Lit In/at that day.+17:31Gn 19:26 (LXX). This exact phrase is found in the LXX account of the story.+17:32Lit Remember Lot’s wife. ME/IT (see also UBSHS [Lk], 592). Cf Phps, NLT.+17:32Cf Gn 19:26.+17:34Cf Zc 14:1-2.+17:35Cf Zc 14:1-2.+17:35Some manuscripts have verse 36: “Two men will be in the field; one will be taken and the other left” (ESV).+17:37Lit they.+17:37Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+17:37Lit he.+17:37Cf Ezk 39:17-23; Re 19:11-21.+18:1Lit he.+18:3Lit to him.+18:3Lit Avenge me against my adversary/opponent. ME (see ANLEX, 58, sv ἐκδικέω; BDAG, sv ἐκδικέω 1, 2). That the accuser is in the wrong and is mistreating the widow is clear from the context. Cf CJB.+18:4Lit He.+18:4Lit After these things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 596). Cf NIV, REB, TEV.+18:5Or Otherwise, by coming continually, she might wear me out!+18:6Or Hear, or Learn from.+18:7Lit execute vengeance for, or exact vengeance for. Cf various translations at Ezk 25:17 (cf LXX). Cf also the LXX at Ezk 30:14.+18:7Cf Dt 32:35-36.+18:7Lit deferring his anger about them, or deferring his anger because of them.+18:7Cf Dt 32:35-36; Ps 79:10, 90:13, 94:1-15, 119:84, 149:6-8; Is 59:17; Jr 11:20, 20:12, 46:10, 50:15, 50:28, 51:6; Ezk 25:14-17; Mic 5:15; Hab 1:2, 2:3; Zc 1:12; 2 Pt 3:8-9; Re 6:10.+18:8Or will he really find faith...?+18:8Or on the earth.+18:8Cf Ps 12:1; Mic 7:2; Lk 17:26-30; Re 12:9, 13:10, 14:12.+18:9Lit he.+18:9Lit that they were righteous. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 18; translation and note at “Torah” in v 14). Trying to maintain some level of consistency in the translation of the cognates in this section.+18:11Or to himself, or having stood by himself.+18:11Or unjust, or unrighteous.+18:11Or or even.+18:12The Torah only required fasting on the Day of Atonement (Lv 16:29; cf NET Bible Notes, Lk 18:12). Jesus is obviously not condemning voluntary fasting here, but is confronting the self-righteous attitude with which it is being practiced (cf, eg, Is 58:1-12; Mt 6:16-18, 9:14-17; Ac 13:2).+18:12Lit I fast twice a week, I tithe all as much as I buy/acquire/get. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 249; NAC [Lk], 340, 449; UBSHS [Lk], 601; Stern, JNTC, Lk 18:12). Cf Lv 27:30-33; Dt 14:22-29; 2 Ch 31:5-12; Mt 23:23; Lk 11:42. According to the Mishnah, “He who undertakes to be trustworthy [one who is assumed to tithe all of his produce] tithes (1) what he eats, and (2) what he sells, and (3) what he purchases, and (4) does not accept the hospitality of an Am haares” ( Mishnah, 37 [Demai 2:2]; parenthetical comments are Neusner’s).+18:13Lit was unwilling to lift his eyes. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.34).+18:13Lit kept striking his chest. ME(H)/IT (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 251; L-N, 19.1; UBSHS [Lk], 601). Cf NLT.+18:13Lit be propitious to me, or expiate me. ME(OTB) (see BEB, 1:746; HCSB Footnote, Lk 18:14; HIBD, 533-4, sv propitiation; NET Bible Notes, Jn 2:2; NAC [Lk], 450). Cf Lv 4:1-6:7; Ps 25:11 (24:11 in the LXX), 65:3 (64:4 in the LXX), 78:38 (77:38 in the LXX), 79:9 (78:9 in the LXX); Dn 9:19. If there is any doubt that both expiation (atonement or covering for sin/removal of sin) and propitation (turning away God’s wrath) are in view here, verses like Ps 78:38 should put it to rest: “Yet he, being compassionate, atoned for (ἱλάσεται [ hilasetai] in the LXX) their iniquity and did not destroy them; he restrained his anger often and did not stir up all his wrath” (ESV; emphasis mine).+18:13Cf Ex 32:30-33; Nu 16:41-50; Ps 6:1, 24:11, 28:2, 28:6, 30:8, 38:1, 51:1-3, 57:1, 65:3,78:38, 79:9, 85:2-3; Is 47:11, 60:10; Dn 9:19; Hab 3:2; Ml 1:9-10.+18:15Lit him.+18:15Lit began to scold them. See note at Mt 19:13. The same applies here. Cf NET.+18:16Lit them.+18:18Lit him.+18:18This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+18:20Ex 20:14; Dt 5:18+18:20Ex 20:13; Dt 5:17+18:20Ex 20:15; Dt 5:19+18:20Ex 20:16; Dt 5:20+18:20Ex 20:12; Dt 5:16+18:21Lit he.+18:21Lit since my youth. ME (see note at Mk 10:20). Cf ISV.+18:22Lit to him.+18:22Cf Mt 6:16-18; Lk 14:14; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+18:22Lit come follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+18:22Cf 1 Ki 19:19-21.+18:23Lit he.+18:24Lit he.+18:28Lit to follow you. ME(H) (see note at Mt 5:12).+18:29Lit He.+18:30Lit life in the coming age. Because the “age to come” has already been stated in the temporal frame, “unending” has been used translation here.+18:31Lit he.+18:31Or fulfilled, or carried out.+18:34Lit they.+18:34Lit This word, or This statement. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 610). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+18:34Lit didn’t grasp the things being spoken.+18:36Lit he asked what this could possibly be. See note at Lk 15:26. The same applies here. Cf NCV, TEV.+18:38Lit he.+18:39Cf ISV.+18:39Lit He.+18:40Lit him.+18:40Lit he.+18:41Lit he.+18:42Or delivered, or saved.+18:43Lit He.+18:43Lit with him.+19:1Lit He.+19:1Lit having entered he was passing through Jericho. Cf most English translations.+19:2Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+19:2Lit He.+19:2The ISV is great here! Following it in translation here.+19:3Lit kept seeking/trying to see who Jesus was. ME. Cf NET.+19:3Lit he was unable to because of the crowd, since in stature he was small/short. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+19:5Lit said to him.+19:7Lit He has entered to halt/put down with a sinful man! ME (see BDAG, 522, sv καταλύω 4; DBL Greek, #2907; L-N, 34.61). Cf ISV, NLT.+19:9Lit For he.+19:9Lit son. ME (see L-N, 10.30). Cf NCV, TEV.+19:10Lit came to, or has come to. See note at Mt 5:17.+19:10Following the NCV in translation here.+19:11Lit they. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+19:11Cf Is 46:13, 52:7, 62:11; Zc 12-14.+19:12Lit to receive for himself a kingdom. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NLT. “The picture is that of a vassal king to be appointed by the Roman emperor” ( UBSHS [Lk], 620). In this context, “receive a kingdom” means to be appointed as a king and granted authority to rule over the area to which he would return.+19:12Cf Dn 7:13-17.+19:13Lit gave/entrusted them with ten minas. ME ( BSL, Lk 19:13, sv μνᾶ; NET Bible Notes, Lk 19:13; L-N, 6.81; note at Mt 18:24). The meaning here is that each slave was entrusted with one mina (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 19:13; UBSHS [Lk], 620).+19:14Lit The citizens of him. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 620).+19:15Lit he.+19:15Lit after receiving the kingdom. ME (see note at “king” in v 12).+19:15Lit he said to be called to him. ME. Cf HCSB, NET.+19:16Lit your mina.+19:16Lit ten minas. ME. Cf NLT.+19:17Lit he.+19:17Or faithful. So throughout this section.+19:17Lit be (imperative) having authority. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+19:18Lit the second one.+19:18Lit your mina.+19:18Lit has made five minas. ME. Cf NLT.+19:19Lit He.+19:20Lit another one.+19:20Lit your mina.+19:21Lit For.+19:21Lit You take what you did not put down and reap what you did not sow. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 776; UBSHS [Lk], 624).+19:22Lit he.+19:22Lit taking what I did not put down and reaping what I did not sow. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 776; UBSHS [Lk], 624).+19:23IT. Cf ESV, ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV.+19:24Lit to the one who has ten minas.+19:25Lit ten minas.+19:26A condition is implied in the participle here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+19:26Lit if someone has, or anyone who has. ME (see note at Mt 13:12).+19:26Lit But from the one who does not have. ME (see note at Mt 13:12).+19:28Lit he.+19:29Lit near the mountain that is called “of Olives.” ME. Cf NET.+19:31Lit asks.+19:32Lit he.+19:34Lit they.+19:35Lit it. Following the lead of the ISV, NLT, TEV in placing “colt” in this clause and the pronoun in the next.+19:35Lit garments. ME(H). In this context, “garments” is referring to the outer garment or cloak (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 21:6).+19:35Lit on the colt. See note at “colt” earlier in this verse.+19:36Lit he.+19:36Lit they.+19:36Cf 2 Ki 9:13.+19:38Ps 118:25-26+19:38Cf Jb 25:2+19:38A reference to Ps 148:1.+19:39Lit to him.+19:40Lit He.+19:41Lit And as he drew near, when he saw the city. Cf NCV, NIV.+19:42Or even you. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 633).+19:42Or known.+19:42Lit the things with respect to peace, or the things toward peace. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV.+19:42Cf Ps 122.+19:42Cf Is 6:8-13, 29:11; Mt 13:14-15; Jn 12:35-43; Rm 11:10, 25-26.+19:43Lit days. Cf NCV, TEV.+19:44Lit you and the children within you. ME (see L-N, 11.63; NET Bible Notes, Lk 19:44; UBSHS [Lk], 634). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+19:44Lit they will not leave stone upon stone within you. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 396).+19:44Or the appointed time.+19:44Lit the appointed time/favorable time of the coming to the aid of you, or the appointed time of your visitation. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, TEV. Cf also the BHT at Lk 1:68 and 1:78 (where the verbal cognate of ἐπισκοπή [ episkopē] is used).+19:44Cf Mt 16:2-3.+19:45Lit he.+19:46Is 56:7+19:46Jr 7:11+19:47Lit He.+19:48Lit Yet they weren’t finding the thing what they might do. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, TEV.+19:48Lit for all the people were hanging on him, hearing. ME (see ANLEX, 138, sv ἐκκρεμάννυμι; UBSHS [Lk], 636). Cf CJB, NASB, NET, NIV, NLT.+20:1Lit he.+20:4Lit heaven. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 21:25).+20:4Lit was it from heaven or from men? ME (see note at Mt 21:25).+20:5Lit him.+20:7Lit they answered not to know from where. ME.+20:9Lit he.+20:10Cf NLT.+20:10Lit he.+20:10Lit him.+20:10Cf 2 Ch 24:19, 36:15-16; Ne 9:26; Jr 37:15, 38:6.+20:11Lit He.+20:11Lit they.+20:12Lit He.+20:13Or master, or lord.+20:14Lit saw him.+20:16Or give, or assign.+20:16Lit they (referring to those mentioned in v 9). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+20:17Lit He.+20:17Lit What then is this thing that is written? ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+20:17Ps 118:22+20:18Cf Ps 110:5-6, 118:22; Is 8:14; 28:16; Mt 11:6; Lk 2:34; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+20:18Lit it.+20:18Cf Ps 110:5-6, 118:22; Is 8:14; 28:16; Dn 2:34-35, 44-45; Mt 3:12, 11:6; Lk 2:34; Rm 9:33; 1 Pt 2:6-8.+20:19Lit him.+20:19Lit wanted to lay hands on him. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 37.110).+20:19Lit at that very hour/time. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 646).+20:20Lit him.+20:21Lit that you say and teach accurately/correctly. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+20:21Lit you do not accept a face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 30.120, 88.238; UBSHS [Mt], 683; UBSHS [Lk], 644). Cf Ex 23:6-8; Dt 16:19; Is 11:3.+20:22Lit Is it lawful for us...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10). Cf CJB, TEV.+20:22Or to Caesar.+20:23Lit he.+20:24Lit Show me a denarius. ME(H) (see note at Mt 22:19).+20:24Lit inscription. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 22:20). Cf NLT.+20:25Lit he.+20:25Cf Ex 20:4; Lv 26:1; Dt 27:15; Mt 17:25; Rm 13:7.+20:25Cf Gn 1:26; Rm 8:29, 12:1-2; 1 Co 11:7; Col 3:10.+20:27ME(H)/IT (see ANLEX, 344, sv Σαδδουκαῖος; L-N, 11.48).+20:27Lit who say there is no resurrection. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 687). Cf ISV, TEV.+20:28Lit his brother.+20:28Lit the woman.+20:28Lit raise up seed. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.59).+20:28Dt 25:5+20:29Lit took a woman/wife. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Mk 12:19). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+20:31Lit married her.+20:31Lit Now likewise also/even the seven did not leave behind children and died. ME/IT (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 345; UBSHS [Lk], 652). Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+20:33Lit since the seven had her as wife? ME. Cf most English translations.+20:34Lit sons. ME. Cf NET, NIV. The meaning here is obviously generic, since it is women who are “given in marriage.”+20:35Cf HCSB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV.+20:35Lit in that age. Cf CJB, NLT.+20:36IT/ME(H). Cf NLT. According to Jewish tradition, angels do not die or eat (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 20:36). 2 Baruch (a Jewish apocalyptic work of the early second century) states that when people are “made like unto the angels...they shall be changed into every form they desire, From beauty into loveliness, And from light into the splendour of glory” (2 Bar 51:10, R. H. Charles’ translation). In his own resurrected body, Jesus was free of death and was also able to change form and appear and disappear at will (see, eg, Lk 24:13-31; Jn 20:19-26). However, he also ate food (Lk 24:42-43) and had flesh and bones (Lk 24:39). The comparison, therefore, is only partial. Since the extent of the comparison hinges on the IT here, and because of the adverb used with the focal element (see preceding note; “just” without a qualifier here might give the impression of “like in every way”), the IT has been made explicit in translation. In Luke, the comparison extends not only to marrying and giving in marriage (cf Mt 22:30; Mk 12:25), but also to immortality.+20:36Cf Ps 82:6-7.+20:36Lit sons. Maintaining consistency in translation with v 34 (see translation and note there).+20:36Cf Ps 45; Is 54:5-8, 62:4-5; Jr 31:31-33; Hs 2:16-19; Jn 3:29-30; 2 Co 11:2; Re 19:7, 21:2-9, 22:17.+20:36Lit sons. Maintaining consistency in translation with v 34 (see translation and note there).+20:36Cf Jb 19:25, 33:28; Ps 49:5-15, 103:4, 119:154; Is 54:5, 62:4-12; Ho 13:14; Rm 8:18-24. Note especially the convergence of the themes of marriage and redemption in Is 54:5.+20:37Ex 3:6+20:38Lit He is not the God of the dead, but of the living. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Mt 22:32). Cf Gn 15:5-8; Ex 15:2; Dt 10:21; 1 Sm 28:8-20; 2 Sm 12:23; 1 Ch 29:13 Ps 6:5, 30:9-12, 16:10, 27:13, 49:14-15, 52:5, 63:4, 71:19-24, 88:3-12, 94:17, 104:33, 115:17, 116:9, 142:5, 146:2; Ec 9:10; Is 8:19, 14:9, 25:1, 26:14, 38:10-19, 53:8; Lk 16:22-28, 24:5; Jn 6:39-40; Rm 4:16-21; Heb 6:13-19, 11:39-40.+20:38Or through him, or from his standpoint, or as far as he is concerned. Cf Is 45:25.+20:38Or They all are in/through him alive, or They are all from his standpoint alive.+20:38Cf Is 45:25.+20:39Cf Ac 23:6-10.+20:41Or How. Cf NCV, NLT.+20:42Or book.+20:42Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+20:43Ps 110:1+20:44Lit him.+20:44Cf Is 11:1, 10; Re 22:16.+20:45Lit he.+20:46ME(H) (see note at Mt 23:7). Cf NET.+20:47Lit who devour the houses of widows. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mk], 391).+20:47Or a more severe condemnation.+21:1Lit he.+21:1Lit the offering box/treasury. ME(H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 12:41).+21:2Lit two lepta. ME (see note at Mk 12:42).+21:4Lit put into the gifts.+21:4Lit from that which abounds to them. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+21:4Lit out of her poverty. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 394).+21:5Lit He.+21:6Lit days. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+21:6Lit days will come in which there will not be left stone upon stone, which will not be torn down, or, days will come in which a stone will not be left upon a stone, which will not be torn down. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 396).+21:8Lit he.+21:8Cf Mt 3:2, 4:17, 10:7; Mk 1:15. The issue here is not the content of the proclamation, but who is making it (a false claimant, versus God’s sent messengers) and the results (people following/putting their hopes in the false messenger/prophet instead of the true Prophet/Messiah).+21:8Cf Mt 24:5, 26; Mk 15:7; Lk 21:8-9; Ac 5:35-37; 21:38.+21:9Cf Mt 24:5, 26; Mk 15:7; Lk 21:8-9; Ac 5:35-37; 21:38.+21:9Cf Dn 9:26.+21:9Or the end, or its termination. See note at Mt 24:6. The same applies here.+21:10Lit he.+21:10Possibly an allusion to Is 19:2. Cf 2 Ch 15:5-6; Dt 28:6-7, 19, 49-57; Is 10-24; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10; Re 6:1-4. If this is in fact the case, it would suggest that Is 10-24 is one of the sections of Scripture that Jesus has in his mind when he uses the phrase the “beginning of birth pains.”+21:11Or from heaven.+21:11Cf Jl 2:30-31; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+21:12Lit they. This is an indefinite plural. Cf ISV, NCV.+21:12Lit lay on you their hands. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 37.110).+21:12Cf Mt 10:18, 24:14; Mk 13:9-11; Ac 9:15, 25:1-26:32; 2 Ti 4:16-17.+21:14Or practice, or prepare. Cf CJB, NET.+21:15Lit a mouth and wisdom. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 666).+21:15Cf Ac 6:10.+21:16Cf Mic 7:5-7; Mt 10:16-39; Mk 13:12-13.+21:19Lit by your patient endurance. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+21:19Cf Mt 10:22-32, 16:24-27; 2 Ti 4:6-8; Re 2:10.+21:20Or about to be surrounded. VPR. See VCC (Lk 21:20).+21:21Or Then.+21:21Lit inside it.+21:21Lit not enter it.+21:22Lit Days.+21:22Cf Mt 21:35-41, 22:6-7, 23:34-36; Lk 11:49-51.+21:22Lit the to be carried out/fulfilled/accomplished. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 670). Cf NEB. The articular infinitive phrase here is interpreted as providing further definition of “vengeance.” This is reflected in the translation.+21:22Cf Dt 28:49-57; Lv 26:18; Dn 9:26-27.+21:23Lit having in the womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.50).+21:23Lit in those days. See note at Mt 24:19. The same applies here.+21:23Or on the earth.+21:24Lit fall. ME(I/F) ( L-N, 23.105).+21:24Or among all the nations. Cf Lv 26:33; Dt 4:27, 28:64; Jr 9:16; Zc. 13:7; Rm 11:25-27.+21:24Or fulfilled, or finished. Cf Lv 26:18-28; Dt 4:29-31, 30:3; Jr 32:37; Ezk 34:13, 36:24, 39:27; Dn 9:27 (LXX); Re 11:1-3.+21:25Or and then. Lit and. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 672. The presence of καί ( kai) here indicates that this information is to be processed in association with what precedes. In Koine Greek, coordination is often used to connect “an expression of time with that which occurs in the time” ( BDAG, 494, sv 1.b.γ.). For examples besides those cited in BDAG, see Mt 13:2 (HCSB, NRSV, ISV, NET, NIV), Mt 24:1 (ESV), Mk 1:37 (ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV), Mk 2:3 (ISV), Mk 4:1 (HCSB, NRSV, ISV, NET, NIV), Mk 5:21 (HCSB, NIV), Lk 4:16 (ISV), Lk 5:17 (most modern translations), Lk 19:43 (most modern translations), Heb 8:8 (most modern translations), Re 11:12 (HCSB, NET, NIV, NRSV).+21:25Cf Jb 9:6-10; Ps 19:1-6; Is 13:10; Ezk 32:7; Jl 2:10, 2:31, 3:15; Ac 2:20; Am 5:20, 8:9; Zp 1:15; Rm 1:18-20; Re 6:12, 8:12.+21:25Or Gentiles.+21:25Lit and on the earth distress of nations in confusion from the roaring of the sea and turbulent waves. ME. Cf ESV, NCV.+21:26Lit from fear and expectation. This phrase has been interpreted as a hendiadys. This is reflected in the translation (fear + expectation = dread).+21:26Or against the inhabited earth. Cf Ps 46:2-3; Is 24; Re 6:12-17.+21:26Is 34:4. Cf Is 14:12, 24:21, 34:5; Eph 2:2, 6:12; 2 Pt 3; Re 6:13, 8:10-12, 9:1, 12:7-12.+21:27Or in, or with. Cf NLT. In the NT, there is sometimes substantial semantic overlap between ἐπί ( epi) (which is used at Mt 24) and ἐν ( en) (which is used here and at Mk 13:26), depending on the context (see L-N, 83.23, 83.9, 83.47).+21:27Dn 7:13. Cf Re 1:7.+21:27Cf Ezk 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23.+21:28Cf Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8.+21:28Lit straighten up/strand up straight. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 50, sv ἀνακύπτω).+21:28Lit raise up your heads. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 25.160).+21:28Lit redemption. ME(OTB) (see notes at Lk 1:69 and 2:30).+21:29Lit he.+21:30Lit seeing from yourselves you know, or seeing, you know from yourselves.+21:32IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+21:33Or the sky.+21:33Or the land.+21:33See note at Mt 24:35. Cf Gn 6:13, 9:11; Ps 72:5, 17, 89:36-37, 102:25-28, 148:6; Is 24:1-3, 34:4-5, 65:17-25, 66:22; Jr 31:35-36, 33:20-21; 1 Co 7:31; Heb 1:10-12; Jm 1:10; 1 Pt 1:24; 4:7; 2 Pt 2:6, 3:13;1 Jn 2:17; Re 12:7-10, 21:1-4.+21:34Lit lest your hearts be weighed down with drunken behavior/hangover and drunkenness and worries of everyday life. ME (see ANLEX, 236, sv κραιπάλη 2; Ibid, 87, sv βαρέω 2; BDAG, 166, βαρέω b.; Ibid, 564, sv κραιπάλη; BSL, Lk 21:34, sv βαρέω and κραιπάλη; L-N, 88.286; UBSHS [Lk], 676). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+21:35Cf Mt 24:37-39; 1 Th 5:3.+21:36Or escape. Cf Gn 19:12-29; Lk 17:29-30.+21:36Lit and to stand. ME/IT (see BDAG, 325, ἔμπροσθεν 1.b.β.; Ibid, 482, sv ἵστημι B.2.; ESS [Lk 12-24], 399; UBSHS [Lk], 678). A favorable state is clearly implied here.+21:36Cf Rm 14:4-12.+21:37Lit he.+22:2Lit of him.+22:4Lit to discuss…the how he might hand him... ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+22:4Lit him.+22:5Cf Mt 26:15.+22:6Lit He.+22:6Lit him.+22:6Lit without a crowd. ME. Cf CEV, HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV.+22:7Lit on which it was necessary for the Passover to be sacrificed.+22:7Lit the Passover. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see Ex 12:21). Cf TEV.+22:7Cf Lv 23:4-8.+22:8Lit He.+22:10Lit behold. EFE (see note at Mt 2:9). Cf HCSB, NET, NRSV.+22:10Lit he.+22:11Or master.+22:11Or room for guests.+22:13Lit They. Cf NCV.+22:13Lit he.+22:14Lit When the hour came. ME (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 411; UBSHS [Lk], 685).+22:14Lit he.+22:14Lit and the apostles with him. ME. Cf ISV.+22:16Or performed, or fulfilled, or accomplished. Cf Lv 23:2-44; Is 25:6-9; Ezk 46:9; Zc 14:16.+22:16Cf Lv 23:2-44; Is 25:6-9; Ezk 46:9; Zc 14:16.+22:18Cf Ge 49:10-12; Is 25:6-9; Jr 31:12; Dn 2:44; Jl 3:18; Am 9:13-15; Lk 21:31; 2 Ti 4:1; Jn 2:11; Re 19:9.+22:19Lit to them.+22:19Or on behalf of you, or in your place. In the Koine era, there was substantial overlap in meaning between ὑπὲρ ( huper) and ἀντὶ ( anti) (see Wallace, Grammar, 383-9).+22:19Cf Is 53:12 (cf LXX); Dn 9:27 (LXX); Mt 20:28; Rm 5:15-21.+22:20Cf Ex 24:6-8; Is 54:10; Jr 31:31-34; Ezk 37:26; 2 Co 3; Heb 8, 10:29, 13:20.+22:20Or on behalf of you, or for you. See note at v 19 above. The same applies here.+22:20Cf Is 53:12 (cf LXX); Dn 9:27(LXX); Mt 20:28; Rm 5:15-21.+22:21Lit The hand of the one about to betray me is with me at the table. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 689). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+22:21Cf Ps 41:9.+22:22Lit the Son of Man is going. ME(I/F). In this context, πορεύω ( poreuō) is a euphemism for death (see BDAG, 853, sv 3). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+22:22Lit according to what has been appointed/determined. ME (see BDAG, 723, sv ὁρίζω 2.a.α.; BSL, Lk 22:22, sv ὁρίζω; UBSHS [Lk], 689). Cf CJB, NCV.+22:22Cf Lk 24:26, 44; Ac 2:23, 3:18; 1 Pt 1:20.+22:22Cf Jn 17:12.+22:23Lit began discussing among themselves who of them it might possibly be who this thing was going to do. See note at Lk 15:26. The same applies here.+22:24Lit among them. Cf TEV.+22:25Lit He.+22:25Lit them.+22:25Lit are called/call themselves. ME (see BDAG, 502, sv καλέω 1.b.; UBSHS [Lk], 691). Cf NCV.+22:25Lit benefactors. ME (see BSL, Lk 22:25, sv εὐεργέτης; L-N, 35.15).+22:26Lit the youngest. ME(H/IT) (see BDAG, 669, sv νέος 3.b.β; UBSHS [Lk], 692; translation and notes at Mt 10:42). Cf NLT.+22:28Or remained with me. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 693).+22:28Cf Jn 6:66.+22:29Or appoint, or assign. Here there seems to be overlap between the various shades of meaning possible with διατίθημι ( diatithēmi) (see BDAG, 238, sv 1, 2, 3). Inheritance rights and privileges are primarily in view (cf, eg, Mt 19:28-30, 25:34; Lk 19:12-27; Rm 8:17; 1 Co 6:9-10, 15:50; Ga 5:21; Eph 5:5; Tit 3:7; Re 2:26-29, 3:21-22). The covenantal context also adds an element of solemnity and formality.+22:29Cf Mt 19:28-30, 25:34; Lk 19:12-27; Rm 8:17; 1 Co 6:9-10, 15:50; Ga 5:21; Eph 5:5; Tit 3:7; Re 2:26-29, 3:21-22.+22:30Or so that you may eat and drink. Cf ESS (Lk 12-24), 431; L-N, 91.15; CJB.+22:30Cf Is 1:26; Jr 3:15-18, 23:4; Mt 19:28-30.+22:31Lit has demanded/asked. ME/IT. Success in asking is implied here (see ANLEX, 153, sv ἐξαιτέω; BSL, Lk 22:31, ἐξαιτέω; DBL Greek, #1977; L-N, 22.31). Cf TEV.+22:31Cf Jb 1-2.+22:33Lit he.+22:34Lit He.+22:35Lit them. Cf TEV.+22:35Since Jesus is referring to the mission of Lk 9 (cf Lk 10), the meaning here is that hospitality was in fact extended to them during the mission, after they had set out without these items.+22:36Lit he.+22:37Lit this that is written. ME. Cf ESV, NET, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+22:37Or accomplished.+22:37Lit to be fulfilled in me. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 698).+22:37Is 53:12+22:37Lit the thing concerning me is having/has a culmination/end/fulfillment/completion. ME (see BDAG, 998, sv τέλος 1). Cf NET, NRSV.+22:38Lit they.+22:38Or It is enough! Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV.+22:38Cf Mt 26:52.+22:39Lit he.+22:39Lit and the disciples accompanied him. Cf NLT.+22:40Lit Be praying not to enter into temptation. ME (see note at Mt 26:41; cf NCV, NLT). Cf Mt 24:42; Mk 13:33; Lk 21:26; 1 Co 10:13; Th 5:4-6; Jm 1:12-18; Re 16:15.+22:41Or began to pray, or kept praying. Cf Heb 5:7.+22:42Lit take this cup from me. ME(I/F) (see notes at Mt 20:22 and 26:39).+22:42Cf Heb 5:7.+22:44Lit And having become in anguish. ME. Cf NET, NRSV.+22:44Some manuscripts do not have vv 43-44. For a brief discussion of the textual questions surrounding these verses, see NET Bible Notes, Lk 22:44.+22:44Cf Heb 5:7-8.+22:45Lit got up from prayer. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 702).+22:46Lit Get up and pray that you may not enter into temptation. ME (see note at Mt 26:41). Cf NCV, NLT.+22:49Lit when those around him. ME. Cf NCV.+22:51Lit Leave off until this. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 68.35). Cf NET, TEV.+22:51Lit his.+22:52Lit who had come out against him. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 705). Cf CJB.+22:53Lit you did not stretch out hands upon me. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 37.110). Cf NCV, NCV, NET, TEV.+22:53Lit your hour. Cf NCV.+22:53Cf Jn 7:30, 8:20.+22:53Or This, however, is itself your time and the power of darkness. Lit This is your hour and the domain/authority/power of darkness. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT. Translating the genitive here as a subjective genitive.+22:53Cf Gn 1:14-18; Jb 24:13-17; Jn 3:19-20; Rm 13:12; Col 1:13; 1 Th 5:5-8.+22:54Lit him.+22:56Lit with him.+22:59Lit with him.+22:61Lit the word of the Lord when he said to him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV.+22:62Lit he.+22:63Lit him.+22:64Lit having covered around him.+22:65Or blasphemies.+22:67Lit he.+22:69Ps 110:1+22:69Lit at the right hand of the power of God. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 713). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+22:70Lit You [focal] say. ME (see notes at Mt 26:25). The same applies here.+22:70Lit he.+22:70Or that I am. See note at Mk 14:62. The same applies here. Cf Ex 3:14.
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