BHT with Abridged Translator’s NotesLuke 12 =
12
“I Tell You This, My Friends”
1 As all these things took place,+ when so many thousands of people had gathered that they were trampling on one another, Jesus+ began to speak to his disciples first: “Be on your guard against the yeast—that is, the hypocrisy—of the Pharisees. 2 Now, there is nothing hidden that will not be brought out into the open, or secret that will not be made known.+ 3 Everything ᵖyou have talked about, therefore, when we’re by ourselves,+ will be heard right out in the open,+ and what ᵖyou have talked about behind closed doors+ privately+ will be proclaimed publicly from the rooftops.+
4 “Now I tell ᵖyou this, my friends: Don’t fear those who can kill the body but after that can do nothing more. 5 I will warn ᵖyou whom you should fear: Fear+ the one who, after the killing, has authority to have ᵖyou thrown into Gehenna.+ Yes, I tell ᵖyou, he is the one you must fear! 6  Five sparrows are sold for two pennies,+ aren’t they? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God.+ 7 Why, even the hairs on your head have all been counted. Don’t be afraid. ᵖYou are worth more than many, many sparrows.
8 “I tell ᵖyou this: If a person openly acknowledges his allegiance to me in the presence of men, the Son of Man, likewise, will himself openly acknowledge that person+ as his own in the presence of the angels of God. 9 If someone disowns me in the presence of men, however, he will be disowned in the presence of the angels of God. 10 And if a person speaks something against the Son of Man, it will be forgiven him. If someone speaks blasphemy, however, against the Spirit, he will not be forgiven.
11 “When people bring ᵖyou before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, don’t worry about how ᵖyou should make your defense or what you should say. 12 The Holy Spirit, you see, is the one who will teach ᵖyou at that time+ what you are to say.”+
“Be on Your Guard against Every Kind of Greed … Don’t Worry about Your Life, What You Will Eat”
13 Someone in the crowd said to Jesus,+ “Teacher, please tell my brother to give me my share+ of the family inheritance.”+
14 “Sir,”+ Jesus said to him, “who was it that appointed me to decide your case and divide the property between ᵖyou?”+ 15 Then he said to them, “Watch out and be on your guard against every kind of greed, because it isn’t the abundance of his possessions on which a person’s life depends.+”
16 Then he told them a parable: “There was a certain rich man whose land produced an abundant harvest. 17 ‘What should I do?’ he began wondering to himself. ‘I don’t have anywhere to store my crops.’ 18 Then he said, ‘This is what I’ll do: I will tear down my barns and build some that are even bigger, where I will store+ all my wheat and my other goods. 19 Then I’ll say to myself, “Lucky man!+ You have enough stored up to last you for many years. Take life easy; eat, drink, and enjoy yourself.” ’ 20 But God said to him, ‘You foolish man! Tonight your very life will be demanded back from ˢyou. The things you have prepared for yourself—whose will they be?’+ 21 This is how it will be with anyone who stores up treasures for himself but is not rich in this: The things that truly matter in the sight of God.+”
22 Then Jesus+ said to his disciples, “That’s why I tell ᵖyou this: Don’t worry about ᵖyour life, what you will eat, or about ᵖyour body, what you will wear. 23 Life, after all, is far more than food, and your body more than clothing. 24 Consider the ravens: They don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no storeroom or barn, and yet it is God who keeps+ providing them with food.+ Of truly how much greater worth are ᵖyou than the birds?
25 “Now who of ᵖyou by worrying can add an hour to his life?+ 26 Well then, if ᵖyou aren’t able to do even so trivial a thing as that, why should you worry about the other things? 27 Consider the wildflowers, how they grow: They don’t toil, nor do they spin thread. Nevertheless, I tell ᵖyou this: Not even Solomon in all his splendor was adorned like one of these! 28 Well, if this is how God clothes the grass in the field, which is here today but tomorrow is put into the oven,+ how much more surely is he going to clothe ᵖyou, O ᵖyou of little faith! 29 ᵖYou, indeed, mustn’t fret about what you will eat or what you will drink; don’t be anxious. 30 Concerning all these things, you see, it is the Gentile world+ that sets its heart+ on them. ᵖYour Father, however, knows that you need these things. 31 Instead, continually+ set your hearts on his Kingdom, and these things will be provided for ᵖyou. 32 Don’t be afraid, little flock, because ᵖyour Father has gladly chosen to give ᵖyou the Kingdom.+ 33 Sell ᵖyour possessions and give the money to the poor. Make for yourselves money bags that will not wear out, an unfailing treasure stored away in the heavens, where no thief comes near and no moth destroys. 34 Where ᵖyour treasure is, you see, there your hearts, too, themselves will be.”
“Be Dressed and Ready for Service”
35 “Be dressed and ready for service and keep your lamps burning;+ 36 ᵖyou must be like servants+ waiting expectantly for their master to return from the wedding festivities, so that when he comes and knocks, they can immediately open the door for him. 37 Blessed are those slaves whom the master, upon his arrival, finds awake and watching.+ Amen, I solemnly tell ᵖyou this: The master+ will dress himself to serve and have them recline at the meal table, and coming up to where they are, he will serve them. 38 If he comes in the second, or even in the third watch of the night+ and finds them awake and watchful,+ blessed are those slaves. 39 But understand this: If the master of the household had recognized+ at what time the thief was about to come, he would not have allowed the thief to break into his house. 40 ᵖYou, too, must yourselves be prepared. For it is in+ an appointed time+ ᵖyou don’t suppose that the Son of Man is going to come.”+
41 “Lord,” Peter said, “is it only to us that you are addressing this parable, or to everyone?”
42 The Lord replied, “Who then is the trustworthy+ and wise steward,+ whom the master will put in charge of his household servants to give them at the appointed time their allotted portion of food? 43 Blessed is that slave whom the master,+ upon his arrival, finds doing this. 44 I tell ᵖyou the truth: The master+ will over all his possessions put that slave+ in charge. 45 But suppose that slave says to himself, ‘My master is delayed in coming,’+ and begins to beat the other slaves, both men and women,+ and to eat and drink and get drunk— 46 the master of that slave will come in+ a day that the slave+ is not anticipating and in an appointed time+ he doesn’t recognize and cut him in two;+ that slave’s+ portion he will make the same as the punishment he assigns+ to the unfaithful.+ 47 As for that servant who knew his master’s will but didn’t make preparations or do what his master wanted,+ he will be punished with many lashes.+ 48 The one who didn’t know his master’s will and yet did things deserving of punishment,+ however, will be punished with few lashes. From everyone who has been given much, much will be required, and from the one who has been entrusted with much, even more will be demanded.+
“I’m Here to Bring Fire to the Land”
49 “I am here+ to bring fire to the land,+ and how I wish it were already lit! 50 Yet I have a baptism of overwhelming affliction to undergo,+ and how distressed I am until it is finished! 51 Do ᵖyou think that peace is what I’m here to bring to the land? No, I tell ᵖyou, not peace, but division. 52 There will be from now on five people divided, you see, in one and the same family,+ three against two and two against three. 53 They will be divided father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against daughter-in-law+ and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law.+”
“The Present Appointed Time You Don’t Know How to Interpret?”
54 Jesus+ also said to the crowds: “When ᵖyou see clouds beginning to form in the west,+ you immediately say, ‘Here comes a thunderstorm,’ and it turns out that way. 55 And when ᵖyou feel a wind from the south beginning to blow in, you say, ‘It’s going to be a real scorcher,’ and it is. 56 You hypocrites! The appearance of the sky ᵖyou do know how to interpret, but the present appointed time ᵖyou don’t know how to interpret? How in the world is this?
“Do Your Best to Settle the Matter with Him on the Way”
57 “Why don’t ᵖyou weigh out what is right, moreover, based on your own judgment?++ 58 For example, as ˢyou are going with ˢyour accuser before the official serving as judge, do your best to settle the matter with him on the way. Otherwise, he may drag ˢyou before the judge; the judge, in turn, will hand you over to the court officer; the court officer, in turn, will throw you into prison. 59 I tell ˢyou this: You will certainly not get out of there until you have paid back the very last cent+ you owe.+”
+1:1IT. Luke is written as a letter to a man named Theophilus (see UBSHS [Lk], 11). Cf CJB, TEV.+1:1Or matters.+1:1Or concerning the events that have been fulfilled/accomplished/taken place among us; or concerning the events that have been fully proclaimed among us. Cf KJV. For more on the interpretive options here, see BDAG, 827, sv πληροφορέω 1.a.; DBL Greek, #4442; ESL, #4135; UBSHS (Lk), 8.+1:1Cf Heb 11:1.+1:2Or of the message, or of the word, or of the teaching. Following McGirr, τοῦ λόγου ( tou logou) here has been interpreted as an insider reference to Jesus (see McGirr, Ten Ways, 60). This makes sense especially considering that “of the Word” is used with “eyewitnesses.” Cf Jn 1:1-3; Ac 1:21-2.+1:2The direct object is implied from the context. Cf ESV, HCSB, NKJV.+1:2Cf Ac 15:24, 21:17-21, 23:29; 1 Co 4:1-4, 11:2, 15:1-2; 2 Co 11:4, 12-15; Gal 1:6-9, 2:4-5, 5:7-14; Php 3:1-3, 3:17-4:1; Col 1:23, 2:2; 1 Th 1:4-7; 2 Th 2:14-15; 1 Ti 1:3-7, 4:7; Tit 1:14 2 Pt 1:16. Cf the translation here with McGirr’s trajectory of interpretation and translation of these verses (McGirr, Ten Ways, 54-63). Though I don’t entirely agree with McGirr’s analysis or all of his translation choices in this opening section of Luke, his claim that Luke is warning Theophilus against questionable accounts being by produced people besides the apostles is quite plausible.+1:3Or I too.+1:3Or from the beginning.+1:3Cf 1 Ti 4:6; 2 Ti 3:10.+1:4Or informed.+1:5Lit the days. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+1:5Cf 1 Ch 24:10.+1:5Lit was of the daughters of. ME (see L-N, 10.31). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NRSV.+1:7Lit was barren, or was sterile. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:7Lit both of them were advanced in their days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:8Lit Now it happened that. EFE. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV. The phrases kai egeneto or egeneto de function in a variety of ways in Luke’s gospel (for a summary description, see UBSHS [Lk], 22). Corresponding EFEs are used throughout the translation of Luke, depending on the context.+1:8Lit Now it happened that when he was serving as priest in the order of his priestly division before/in the presence of God. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NRSV.+1:8Cf 1 Ch 24:10, 19; 2Ch 8:14, 31:2.+1:9Cf Ex 30:7-8.+1:10Lit hour. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV.+1:11Lit to him.+1:11Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+1:12Lit fear fell upon him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:13Cf Dn 9:20-23.+1:13IT. In Hebrew, John’s name means “Yahweh is gracious,” or “Yahweh has shown favor” (see FSB, Lk 1:13; UBSHS [Lk], 31).+1:14Lit And there will be to you joy and gladness. ME.+1:15Cf Nm 6:3; Jg 13:3-5; Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33.+1:15Cf Lk 1:41, 44.+1:16Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 11.58). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NRSV, TEV.+1:17Lit will go before him. ME.+1:17Lit in/by the Spirit and power of Elijah. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 36; translation and notes at Re 1:10). Cf TEV. πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει ( pneumati kai dunamei) is an example of hendiadys. Hendiadys is “the expression of an idea by the use of usually two independent words connected by and (as nice and warm) instead of the usual combination of independent word and its modifier (as nicely warm)” ( Miriam-Webster’s, sv). In view here, moreover, is not the human spirit, but the Spirit of God (see UBSHS [Lk], 36).+1:17Cf 2 Ki 2:9, 2:15.+1:17Or to turn the hearts of the fathers back to the children. Cf Dt 30:2; Ml 4:4 (NET). Following the lead of the NET at Ml 4:6 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Ml 4:6). The prophetic focus of the Torah is on repentance that extends across generational lines within the nation (see, eg, Dt 30:2; 1 Ki 18:36-40; cf “remember the Law of my servant Moses” at Ml 4:4).+1:17Cf Lv 26:40-42; Dt 4:29-31, 30:2-3; 1 Ki 18:36-39; Ne 1:9; Is 55:7; Jl 2:12-13.+1:17Or attitude, or mindset, or wisdom, or understanding, or prudence. Cf REB in ESS (Lk), 32.+1:17Cf Ezk 3:20-21; 18:21-32, 33:8-19.+1:17Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Jn 3:28-9; Re 19:7-8.+1:18Lit advanced in her days. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.99). Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+1:20Cf Gn 18:9-14.+1:21Lit were wondering at his being delayed. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:22Lit remained mute/dumb. ME (see L-N, 33.106). Cf most English translations.+1:23Lit the days. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NCV, TEV.+1:24Lit After these days. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 46). Cf NET, TEV.+1:25Lit Thus the Lord has dealt with me. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf Gdspd; NLT; Phps.+1:25Lit in days in which. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 47). Cf TEV.+1:25Or favor.+1:25Lit to remove my disgrace among men. ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:25; UBSHS [Lk], 47). As is true of many cultures today, among the Jewish people of this time barrenness carried a stigma with it. Cf Lv 20:20-21; Jr 22:30.+1:26Lit In the sixth month. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 48; NAC [Lk], 82; NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:26; cf vv 24-5, 36). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+1:27Lit betrothed to. ME(H) (see note at Mt 1:18).+1:27Lit Joseph from the house of David. ME(I/F/OTB)/IT (see BSL, Lk 1:27, sv οἶκος; L-N, 10.24; NET Bible Notes, 2 Sm 7:11). In this context, “house” doesn’t just mean family line, but royal lineage and dynasty. This is important in light of vv 32-3. Cf TEV.+1:28Lit He.+1:28Lit greetings, or hail. ME(H) (see note at Mt 26:49). Cf CJB.+1:29Lit She.+1:29Lit of what sort this greeting might be. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 52-3, 553). Cf ISV, NCV, NEB, NLT, NET.+1:31Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+1:31Lit conceive in the womb. ME (see L-N, 23.49). Cf HCSB, NLT.+1:31IT. See note at Mt 1:21.+1:32Lit This one.+1:32Or ancestor, or forefather.+1:33Cf Is 14:1, 29:22, 46:3-4.+1:33Cf 2 Sm 7; 1 Ki 2:12; 1 Ch 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 9:2-7; Jr 33:17.+1:34Lit since I am not knowing a man. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.61). Cf HCSB.+1:35Lit come upon you, or come over you. ME. Following the lead of L-N (see L-N, 15.83) and the UBSHS (see UBSHS [Lk], 60), an ME has been used here to avoid sexual connotations. Cf note at Mt 1:18.+1:35Cf Ex 40:35; Ps 91:1; Lk 9:34.+1:35Cf 2 Sm 7; Ps 2.+1:36Cf HCSB, TEV.+1:36Lit in. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 62). Cf NCV, NET, TEV. The meaning here is obviously concessive.+1:36Lit barren. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.56). Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+1:37Or nothing will be impossible from God. Cf ASV, NLT, REB.+1:37Cf Gn 18:14; Is 55:9-11; Jr 32:17, 32:27.+1:38Lit behold. Cf NEB, NRSV; UBSHS(Lk), 63; most English translations at Mt 12:49.+1:38Lit according to your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:42Lit the fruit of your womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.38). Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+1:43Lit Yet from where/why to me this. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 68). Cf NIV, NLT.+1:45Or who trusted, or who believed.+1:45Lit that there would be a fulfillment to the things that have been spoken to her from the Lord. ME (see BDAG, 997, sv τελείωσις 2). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT.+1:49Cf Lv 22:32; 1 Ch 16:10; Ps 29:2, 30:4, 33:21, 97:12, 103:1, 105:3, 111:9, 145:21; Is 57:15; Ezk 36:20-23, 39:7, 39:25; Re 4:8.+1:50Or faithful love, or lovingkindness. Lit mercy. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:50, 72; note at Mt 5:48).+1:50Cf Ex 20:6, 34:6-7; Dt 5:9-10, 7:9-10; Ps 100:5, 103:11, 103:17; Jr 32:18; Dn 9:4.+1:51Cf Is 33:2; 40:10-11, 51:5, 52:10, 53:1, 59:16, 63:5. I have opted for a more literal rendering here because of the connection of this idea with the Messiah (cf, eg, Is 53:1, 63:1-6; Jn 12:38; Re 19:11-21).+1:51Lit the arrogant in the thoughts of their hearts. ME (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf ISV.+1:51Cf 2 Ch 32:25; Ps 18:27, 101:5; Pr 8:13, 16:5; Is 2:11-22, 13:11; Dn 4:37.+1:52Cf Ps 2, 149; Is 40:22-23; Dn 2:20-23.+1:54Cf Dt 4:30-31, Ps 102:13-17; Is 41:8, 44:1, 44:21, 45:4, 49:3-5; Ac 1:6.+1:54Lit his mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50). Cf Dt 4:30-31; Ps 25:6; Jr 31:20; Mic 7:18-20; Hab 3:2; Rm 11:28-32.+1:55Lit as he spoke. In this context, the things spoken are the promises of the covenant (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 1:55). Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NCV, NLT.+1:55Or forefathers, or ancestors.+1:56Lit with her.+1:58Lit that the Lord had made large his mercy with her. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:59Cf Lv 12:3.+1:62Lit name him.+1:63Lit he.+1:64Lit his.+1:64Or began praising. VPR. See VCC (Lk 1:64). “The imperfect tense of elalei suggests that Zechariah continued to speak for some time” ( UBSHS [Lk], 86).+1:64Lit was speaking, praising. ME. The participle here defines the nature of the speech (see UBSHS [Lk], 86). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:65Lit all these events were being talked about. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:66Lit For the hand of the Lord was with him. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 76.3). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV. The “hand of the Lord” is an idiom for God carrying out some sort of powerful action either for or against someone (see, eg, Ex 9:3; Dt 2:15; Jsh 4:23-24, 22:31; Jg 2:15; 1 Ki 18:46; 2 Ki 3:15; 1 Ch 21:13-14; Ezr 7:6; Jb 12:9; Is 25:10).+1:67Lit his.+1:68Lit make a ransom, or perform redemption. ME(OTB). In OT theology, when God is the one performing “redemption” or paying a “ransom,” the “ransom” or “price” that God “pays” to bring about someone’s “release” is his own mighty acts—as, for example, in the Exodus (see, eg, Dt 7:8, 9:26; Ps 78:42; Is 50:2). These acts, moreover, are performed freely as gracious acts because of God’s name and covenant faithfulness (see Dt 9:5), and cover a wide range of actions, including provision of a ransom that delivers someone from Sheol (eg, Ps 49:7); deliverance from enemies of various kinds (eg, Ps 55:18); and the future deliverance of Israel (eg, Is 51:11). For further discussion, see TWOT, 715-17. See also ANLEX, 249, sv λύτρωσις; BDAG, 606, sv λύτρωσις 1; L-N, 37.128.+1:69Or has visited and performed…and has raised up (effective aorists). Though one could argue for an effective aorist here based on Zechariah’s presumed knowledge of the baby in Mary’s womb, the Messianic function highlighted in this prophecy (“deliverance from our enemies”), the promises of vv 71-5, the shift to the future indicative in v 76, and the simple fact that Zechariah is prophesying, all favor a proleptic function in this context, with the aorist possibly pointing back to the recent events as the basis for the certainty of the accomplishment of the yet future acts of deliverance.+1:69Lit a horn of salvation. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Lk], 91). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:69Lit house. ME (see note at Lk 1:27). The same applies here.+1:70Lit spoke. ME. Here promises are again in view (see note at Lk 1:55). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+1:71Lit salvation, or deliverance. σωτηρίαν ( sōtērian) is in an appositional relationship to κέρας ( keras) in v 69 (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:69, 71, sv κέρας). I have made the connection explicit in translation.+1:71Lit hand. ME(I/F) (see DBL Hebrew, #5931.3; L-N, 76.3; UBSHS [Lk], 94). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:72Or thus showing steadfast love. Lit to do mercy. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:50).+1:72Or ancestors, or forefathers.+1:72Maintaining consistency in translation between this verse and v 54 (cf ESV, NASB, NKJV, NRSV, and RSV at Lk 1:54).+1:74Lit the hand. ME(I/F) (see not at 1:71 above).+1:74Cf Gn 32:20; Ex 3:6, 19:1-20, 24:10-11, 33:20; Lv 10:1-10, 16:1-34; Nu 18:3; Dt 5:24-26; Jg 6:22-23; Jb 9:32-35; Ps 11:7, 15:1-5, 24:3-4, 140:13; Is 33:14; Is 6:5; Jr 33:20-26, 50:4-5; Ezk 44:13-31, 45:1-5; Re 7:15, 22:4.+1:75Or in his sight, or before him.+1:75Cf Ps 132:9-16; Is 61:3,10; Zc 3:1-10; Ml 3:3-4.+1:76Cf Ml 3:1; Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27.+1:77Or and to give.+1:77Cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8.+1:77Or in, or consisting in.+1:77Or by giving understanding of salvation to his people with regard to/in the forgiveness of their sins. While the statement “to give/cause knowledge of salvation” is most likely referring to John’s prophetic pronouncement, the gospels indicate that John’s ministry also included a significant amount of teaching and instruction (cf Mt 3 and Lk 3; remember, John was a Levite). Since the roles of teacher and prophet often overlap in Scripture, it is possible to interpret “giving knowledge of salvation” in terms of John giving instruction and understanding (cf Lv 10:11; Dt 17:9; Is 5:13; Jr 3:15; Ho 4:4-6; Zp 3:4; Ml 2:7-8). In that situation, the meaning is that John gives them understanding concerning salvation—the need for it, the means of receiving it, the fruit it must produce, etc. Cf Mt 3:7-12; Lk 3:7-14.+1:78Lit because of the bowels of mercy of our God. ME(I/F/OTB) (see L-N, 25.49; note at Lk 1:50).+1:78Or by which.+1:78Or the dawn, or the rising sun. Cf Jr 23:5 (LXX), Zc 3:8, 6:12 (LXX); Ml 4:2. That this is a reference to the Messiah is clear. Less clear is whether it is an allusion to Ml 4:2, or to passages like Jr 23:5. Most translations seem to favor the first option, presumably because ἐπιφαίνω ( epiphainō) is used in the next clause. The UBSHS claims that the Branch interpretation “is not consistent with the idea of shining in the darkness in the next clause which clearly should be related to anatolē” ( UBSHS [Lk], 99). I disagree. ἐπισκέπτομαι ( episkeptomai) has already been used in v 68 to describe the visitation of the God of Israel through the Davidic Savior, and there clearly means a visitation from God to help his people. In Re 22:16, “Bright Morning Star” is in an appositional relationship to “Root and Offspring of David” (see LDGNT, Re 22:16; LSGNT Notes, Re 22:16, sv ἀστὴρ). “The Branch” is a Messianic title, and therefore if the Messiah shines, it means the Branch shines. I say this not because I am dogmatic in either direction, but simply to point out that the “Branch” is just as valid a candidate here as the “rising sun” or the “dawn.” One interesting fact that may also be worth taking into consideration on this matter, is that in addition to being prophesied in the Old Testament, the Messianic “Branch” is also part of the constellation Virgo (and constellations, obviously, shine!). I discuss this topic some in a seminar called “The Gospel in the Stars,” and in a children’s book entitled The Heavens Declare. Both can be found on the DTN website (www.danieltrainingnetwork.org).+1:79Lit in darkness and shadow of death. This is an example of hendiadys (see note at Mt 4:16). Cf Is 9:1-2, 42:6-7, 42:19; Mt 4:16.+1:79Or and to guide.+1:79Or to, or on. According to the LSGNT Notes, εἰς ( eis) here is either a preposition of direction or a preposition of location (see LSGNT Notes, Lk 1:79, sv).+1:79Cf 1 Sm 2:9; Jb 23:11; Ps 17:5, 25:12, 37:23, 44:8, 119:31, 121:3; Pr 1:16, 3:26, 4:26, 14:15, 16:9, 20:4; Is 59:7-8; Jr 10:23.+1:79Cf Is 42:7; Rm 2:19-20; Eph 1:17-18.+1:80Cf Mt 11:7-12, 14:1-4.+1:80Lit until the day of his public appearance. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:1Lit In those days. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:1Or Caesar.+2:4Lit house and lineage. ME/IT (see note a Lk 1:27).+2:8Lit watching watches during the night. ME/IT. Shifts or turns are implied by the plural form of the direct object here (see ESS [Lk], 80; Robertson, Word Pictures, Lk 2:7).+2:9Or the angel. See note at Mt 1:20.+2:9Lit They.+2:10Lit I gospel to you great joy, which will be to/for all the people. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:12Lit This will be to you the sign. ME (see BDAG, 920, sv σημεῖον 1). Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+2:13Lit a multitude of the army of heaven. ME (see L-N, 12. 30). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, TEV.+2:14Cf Ps 148:1.+2:14Or those on whom his favor rests, or people of goodwill.+2:17Or On seeing him, or On seeing them. The direct object is implied from the context here. Cf most English translations.+2:17Lit they.+2:20Lit praising God for all that they had heard and seen, just as it was spoken to them. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+2:21Lit And when eight days had been fulfilled to circumcise him. ME. Cf ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV+2:21Cf Gn 17:12; Lv 12:13.+2:21Lit before he was conceived in the womb. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV, NLT.+2:22Lit And when the days of their purification were fulfilled according to the Law/Torah of Moses. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12; UBSHS [Lk], 124). Cf Lv 12:4 (LXX).+2:22Lit him.+2:23Lit every male that opens the womb. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.45). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:23Ex 13:2, 12+2:24Lit and to give sacrifice according to what is said in the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 12). As the UBSHS points out (see UBSHS [Lk], 128), τοῦ δοῦναι θυσίαν ( tou dounai thusian) here does not mean that Mary herself offered a sacrifice on the altar, but that she gave over sacrificial animals to the priest, who in turn offered the sacrifice (see Lv 12:8).+2:24Lv 12:8+2:25Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+2:25Or consolation, or deliverance. Cf NET.+2:25Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Ac 1:6.+2:26Lit would not see death. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Lit He.+2:27Lit to do according to what was customary of the Law/Torah concerning him. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:27Cf Ex 13:2, 11-16.+2:28Lit him.+2:29Lit dismiss. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Lk 2:29, sv ἀπολύω; UBSHS [Lk], 134). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:29Lit according to your word. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+2:31Cf Ps 98; Is 52:10.+2:32Cf Is 2:2-3, 42:4-6, 49:6; Mt 28:18-20; Lk 1:79; Ac 13:47; Rm 2:19; Eph 1:17-23, 4:17-18.+2:32Cf Is 42:6, 45:25, 46:13, and 49:6.+2:33Lit His.+2:34Or blessed. ME(H) (see not at Mk 10:16).+2:34Lit and to be a sign. ME(OTB)/IT (see FSB, Is 8:18; TWOT, 67, sv môpēt; UBSHS [Lk], 138; UBSHS [Ps], 613). Cf Ps 71:7 (see esp CJB, HCSB, NIV, NCV, TEV); Is 8:18 (see esp NET, NLT), 20:3 (see esp NET); Ezk 12:6 (see esp NET), 12:11, 24:24-27; Zc 3:8; Lk 11:30.+2:34Lit which.+2:34Or spoken against, or rejected, or opposed. Drawing from the BSL in translation here (see BSL, Lk 2:34, sv ἀντιλέγω). Like the prophets of old, Jesus’ life and message would stir up great opposition.+2:35Cf Lk 23:27-8; Jn 19:25.+2:35Or secrets, or plans.+2:35Cf Ps 118:22; Is 8:14-15, 28:13-16; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8. Cf also Jn 8:37, 8:40, 9:39-40, 15:22.+2:36Or descendant.+2:36Lit was advanced in many days. ME(I/F). See note at Lk 1:7.+2:36Lit seven years from her virginity. ME (see L-N, 23.64). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, NRSV.+2:37Or until age eighty-four.+2:38Lit she.+2:38Lit about him.+2:38Lit redemption of Jerusalem. ME(OTB) (see note at Lk 1:68). Cf Is 1:27, 52:7-10, 59:20, 62:1-7.+2:38Cf Is 1:27, 52:9-10, 59:20.+2:39Lit When they.+2:39Lit all the things that were according to the Law/Torah of the Lord. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:39Lit to their own town. ME. Cf ISV, TEV.+2:40Or with understanding, or with insight. Cf Is 50:4-5; 53:2; Lk 2:46; Jn 7:16, 8:28.+2:40Or grace.+2:40Cf Lk 1:80, 2:52.+2:41Lit his.+2:42Lit he.+2:42Lit went up.+2:43Lit and having completed the days. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+2:43Lit Jesus the boy. ME. Cf ISV.+2:44Lit they went the journey of a day. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:44In many cultures, trust between extended relatives, neighbors, acquaintances, and even strangers is often much stronger than what Westerners are accustomed to. My family and I have experienced this many times in different parts of the world.+2:46Cf Ps 84:1-2, 10.+2:48Or astonished. Cf NET.+2:48Lit Your father and I, being distressed terribily, were looking for you. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, TEV.+2:49Lit he.+2:49Or about My Father’s affairs.+2:49Cf Is 53:2; Hg 2:6-9; Zc 6:9-13; Ml 3:1-4.+2:50Lit Yet they did not understand the statement he spoke to them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:52Or in stature, or in age. Cf ISV.+3:1Or Tiberius Caesar.+3:1Lit the tetrarch. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1). So throughout this verse.+3:1Lit his.+3:2Cf Gn 15:1; 1 Sm 15:10; 2 Sm 7:4; 1 Ki 6:11; 1 Ki 18:1; Is 38:1; Jr 1:2-4; Ezk 1:3; Jnh 1:1; Hg 1:3.+3:3Lit He went into all the surrounding region of the Jordan. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 159). Cf NEB, NLT.+3:4Or book.+3:4Lit the paths, or your paths. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 3:3).+3:6Lit all flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 163; FBT Chart, M). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, TEV.+3:6Is 40:3-5+3:7Lit he.+3:11Lit two tunics. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 3:11).+3:11Lit he.+3:13Lit Collect nothing more than what has been ordered to you. ME. Cf ISV, NCV.+3:14Lit he.+3:16Or in.+3:16Or in.+3:16Cf Is 4:4; 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29; Ml 3:2, 4:1-6.+3:17Or with. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48.+3:17Or in/with unquenchable fire. See note at Mt 3:12. Cf Is 30:27-33, 66:24; Mk 9:43, 48; Re 14:9-11, 20:14.+3:18Or of different kinds.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit the tetrach. ME(H) (see note at Mt 14:1).+3:19Lit by him.+3:19Lit concerning. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+3:19Lit Herod.+3:20Lit added this also upon/to all. ME. Cf HCSB, NET, NLT. “All” here refers to the evil deeds mentioned in v 19 (see UBSHS [Lk], 178).+3:21Or the sky. So throughout this section.+3:22Cf Gn 22:2, 16; Is 42:1.+3:23Cf Nu 4:3.+3:23Or the son. In the Scriptures, “son” sometimes means “descendant” (see, eg, L-N, 10.30). Because not all of the men listed in the genealogy are direct offspring, descendant is most likely the primary meaning here. This, of course, does not exclude direct descent.+3:23Lit as/while/how it was thought of Joseph. ME(I/F) (see, eg, L-N, 10.30).+3:23Or being a son/descendant (so it was thought) of Joseph, the son/descendant of Heli. For a summary and brief discussion of the interpretive options here, see ESS (Lk), 141; Lange, Commentary (Lk), 62; NAC (Lk), 141. The interpretation reflected in the translation is that Luke is giving us Jesus’ genealogy through Mary. The statement could, however, also be interpreted and rendered as reflecting Joseph’s lineage. Though I’m not dogmatic on this point or unaware of the various problems involved with reconciling the genealogies in Luke and Matthew, I prefer the option included in the translation for two reasons. First, Luke traces Jesus’ genealogy back to Adam, once again indicating his concern to show that God’s plan of redemption as spelled out in the covenants includes in its purview the salvation of the entire human race. This theme appears repeatedly in Luke and Acts. Second, the fact that Jesus descended from David through Solomon gives him a legal right to David’s throne; at the same time, the fact that he is descended biologically through Nathan’s line also means that the prophesy spoken against Jeconiah in Jr 22:30 does not apply to Jesus. The FSB’s claim that “both genealogies reflect Joseph’s lineage; the discrepancies are the result of different sources and theological agenda” (see FSB, Lk 3:23-28), is stated with too much certainty and needs to be qualified. While Luke’s choices are surely directed by his theology, what source materials he used is a matter of debate. Furthermore, it is just as easy to conceive Luke’s “theological agenda” as being more clearly expressed by the inclusion of Jesus’ human descent through Mary’s line, rather than his legal descent through Joseph’s line (cf, eg, Lk 1:26-38).+3:24Lit of Matthat. ME/IT (see L-N, 10.30). So throughout this section. “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23.+3:38Lit of Adam, of God. ME (see Gn 1:26, 2:7). “Son/descendent” is implied from v 23. To maintain consistency with the preceding verses would require “Adam, who descended from God.” This is awkward, though, and in Adam’s case obscures the meaning. The meaning is that Adam, as the first human being, was created directly by God.+4:1Or returned.+4:2Cf Ex 24:18.+4:2Or …in the wilderness, being tempted by the devil for forty days.+4:2Lit those days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+4:2Lit and when they [those days] were completed. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, TEV.+4:3Lit to him.+4:3Cf Ex 4:22; Dt 32:6-9; 2 Sm 7; 1 Ch. 17; Ps 2, 89, 132; Is 1:2, 63:16, 64:8; Jr 31:9; Hs 11:1; Ml 2:10; Mt 2:15; Lk 3:38; Jn 1:49; 1 Co 15:45.+4:4Dt 8:3+4:5Lit He.+4:5Or of the inhabited earth, or of the world, or of mankind.+4:5Lit in a point of time. ME (see L-N, 67.149). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NEB, NET, NIV.+4:6Lit the splendor of them.+4:6Cf Dt 32:8-9; 1 Jn 5:19. The NET’s commentary on Dt 32:8 provides some good insight into the historical/theological background most likely being assumed by the devil’s statement here (see NET Bible Notes, Dt 32:8).+4:6Cf Re 13:1-2.+4:8See note at Mt 4:7. The same applies here.+4:8Dt 6:13+4:9Lit He.+4:9Lit him.+4:9Or edge, or summit.+4:9Lit to him.+4:11Ps 91:11, 12+4:12See note at Mt 4:7.+4:12Dt 6:16+4:13Lit him.+4:13Lit had finished every temptation, or had finished every sort of temptation. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:13Or until an opportune time, or until another time. Drawing from the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 195).+4:14Or throughout the neighboring area, or throughout the countryside.+4:15Or praised, or glorified, or honored. Cf HCSB.+4:16Lit according to that which was customary for him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:17Or book.+4:18Or the weak, or the poor, or the humble, or the afflicted. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 5:3; LALS, sv πτωχός). In Luke’s gospel, the “poor” is referring to the “pious poor” (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:18; UBSHS [Lk], 200). Cf, eg, Ps 34:6 (cf v 6 with v 2), 18; Ps 72:2. Financial pressures in this age are one of God’s means of humbling his people and keeping them dependent on him, in preparation for the age to come (see, eg, Dt 8:3; Php 4:10-13).+4:18Or release, or freedom, or liberty.+4:19This is a reference to the year of Jubilee (see ESS [Lk], 163; NET Bible Notes, Lk 4:19). Cf Lv 25:10 (cf MT and LXX).+4:19Is 61:1-2. Cf Lv 25:10.+4:22Cf Ps 45:2.+4:22Cf Mt 13:57; Mk 6:3.+4:23Lit He.+4:24IT (see note at Mt 5:18).+4:24Or accepted.+4:25Lit days. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:25Cf 1 Ki 17:1, 18:1; Jm 5:17.+4:26Cf 1 Ki 17:8-24+4:27Lit many lepers. ME. Cf NLT, NCV, TEV.+4:27Lit Naaman the Syrian. ME. Cf NCV.+4:29Lit him.+4:30Lit He.+4:30Lit the middle/midst of them. Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:31Lit he.+4:32Lit because his word was in/with authority. ME. Cf LEB, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+4:33Lit a spirit of an unclean demon. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, NLT.+4:34Or Leave us alone! Lit What to us and to you? ME(I/F) (ee note at Mt 8:29).+4:34Lit Did you come...? or Have you come...? Cf TEV.+4:35Lit to him.+4:35Or after.+4:35Lit him.+4:35Lit in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 216; UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+4:36Or this message, or this word.+4:38Lit he.+4:38Lit they asked him concerning her. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:40This was a Sabbath (cf Mk 1:21, 29). Healing was forbidden on the Sabbath (see, eg, Mt 12:2, Jn 9:16), and therefore the people had to wait until evening to bring the sick to Jesus.+4:40Lit all as many as had sick ones. This could refer to friends (cf TEV), or relatives (cf NET, NLT), or both. Loved ones covers both possibilities. Hence the translation here.+4:40Lit to him.+4:42Lit he.+4:42Lit and. Koine Greek often uses parataxis in places where English may prefer hypotaxis (see BDAG, 494, sv καί 1.b.β.-ζ.; BDF, §471; Wallace, Grammar, 19; NET Bible Notes, Mk 10:28). Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+4:42Lit came as far as him. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+4:43Lit he.+5:1Lit he.+5:2Lit two boats standing beside the lake. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV.+5:2Lit from them.+5:3Lit which was of Simon. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV.+5:3Lit he.+5:4Lit he.+5:4The second imperative in this verse is in the second person plural. This is signaled for English readers by “you and the other men.” Cf TEV.+5:5Lit At/because of your word. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:7Lit they.+5:8Or fell down at Jesus’ knees.+5:9Lit because of the catch of fish they had taken. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:10Lit and likewise. ME. Cf TEV.+5:11Lit they.+5:11Lit followed him. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:12Lit he.+5:12Lit he.+5:13Lit he.+5:13Lit left him.+5:14Lit he.+5:14Lit go and show yourself to the priest. ME(OTB) (see Lv 14:1-32). Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mt], 224). Cf NLT, TEV.+5:14Lit just as Moses commanded. ME. Cf HCSB, NIV.+5:14Cf Lv 14:1-32.+5:14Or as proof, or as a witness, or as a testimony.+5:14Or to them.+5:16Lit He.+5:17Lit he.+5:18Lit in front of him.+5:20Lit he.+5:21Lit Who is this man...? The rhetorical impact intended by the question here is more effectively conveyed in English with something like “How dare...?” In this context, the question here communicates shock, indignation, and contempt (see ESS [Lk], 200; UBSHS [Mk], 78; UBSHS [Lk], 242). Cf TEV at Mk 2:7.+5:21Lit Who can forgive sins except God alone? ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+5:24Or know, or realize.+5:24Or on the earth.+5:25Lit he.+5:27Lit he.+5:27Lit Follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+5:27Lit he.+5:28Lit he.+5:29Lit him.+5:29Lit and others. Negative connotations are implied from the close connection with “tax-collectors” and from the context. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 249.+5:30Lit The Pharisees and the Torah-expert/scribes of them. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 249). Cf NIV, TEV.+5:32Lit came to call/invite, or have come to call/invite. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+5:32Or invite.+5:32Cf CJB.+5:33Lit They. This interpreted as an indefinite plural. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NLT, TEV.+5:33Lit to him.+5:33Lit likewise.+5:33Cf Lk 18:12.+5:35Lit in those days.+5:36Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV, TEV.+5:37Lit If not/otherwise. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, NIV, CJB, RSV.+5:37Lit it.+5:39Or better.+6:1Lit he.+6:1Lit rubbing them. ME/IT Cf NLT; UBSHS (Lk), 257.+6:4Cf Ex 25:30; Lv 24:5-9; 1 Sm 21:6.+6:4Lit which is forbidden for [one] to eat, except…+6:4Cf Lv 24:5-9.+6:6Lit he.+6:6Lit whose right hand was dried up. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:7Lit in order that they might find to accuse him. The context makes it clear that they are looking for grounds on which to bring accusation. Cf CJB, NET, NIV.+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit knew their thoughts. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV.+6:8Lit stand in the middle. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+6:8Lit to the man who had the dried up hand. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.173).+6:8Lit He.+6:8Lit got up and stood.+6:9Lit I ask you. ME. Cf NLT.+6:9Lit Which is lawful...? ME(H) (see note at Mt 12:10).+6:9Or to do evil?+6:10Lit said to him.+6:10Lit He.+6:11Lit They. Cf NCV.+6:12Lit he.+6:17Lit He.+6:17Lit with them.+6:17Or stood on, or stationed himself on/at. Cf REB; BDAG, 482, sv ἵστημι B.1.+6:17Lit and. Cf NET.+6:18Lit who.+6:20Lit He.+6:20Lit lifted up his eyes to. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.34; UBSHS [Lk], 268).+6:20Or you who are weak, or you who are poor, or you who are afflicted, or you who are needy. ME(OTB) (see notes at Mt 5:3 and Lk 4:18).+6:20Cf Dn 7:22.+6:21Lit be satisfied, or be filled. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462).+6:21Cf Is 25:6-7.+6:21Cf Ps 126:2.+6:22Cf Jn 9:22, 12:42.+6:22Lit throw out your name. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.396). Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NLT.+6:23Lit at/in that day. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 270). Cf CJB, Gdspd, NLT, TEV.+6:23Cf Ac 5:41.+6:23Lit According to the same things. ME. Cf NCV, NET, TEV.+6:23Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:24Or you who are at ease. Lit you who are rich. ME(OTB)/IT (see note at Lk 4:18; LALS, sv πλούσιος). Cf the NCV and TEV renderings of ὅτι ἀπέχετε τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν ( hoti apechete tēn paraklēsis humōn) in the subordinate clause. The primary issue here isn’t wealth or poverty in themselves, but the kind of heart posture and attitudes that such situations tend to cultivate. Cf, eg, Ps 37, 73; 1 Ti 6:17-19.+6:24Lit have already received your consolation/comfort in full. ME. Cf CJB.+6:24Cf Ps 37, 73.+6:25Cf 1 Sm 2:5.+6:26Lit all people speak well/favorably/commendably. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NCV, NLT.+6:26Cf Jn 5:41; 1 Th 2:6.+6:26Lit According to the same things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 273). Cf NLT.+6:26Or fathers, or forefathers.+6:29Lit don’t withhold. ME. Cf CJB, NLT, TEV.+6:30Or asking you for something, or begging you for something.+6:30Cf Dt 15:7-11.+6:34Lit those from who you hope/expect to receive (back). ME/IT (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:34). Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, NIV, TEV.+6:34Cf Lk 14:13-14.+6:34Lit Even sinners lend to sinners in order that they might receive back the same. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT.+6:35Or you will be.+6:35Lit sons.+6:36Or compassionate.+6:36Cf Ex 34:6-7.+6:37Or judge.+6:37Lit Don’t condemn. ME. Since κρίνω ( krinō) in the previous clause has been translated as “don’t condemn” (to maintain consistency in translation with Mt 7:1), καταδικάζω ( katadikazō) has been translated according to its meaning in this context (cf, “be merciful” above [v 36], and the following injunction to “forgive”). Cf also Jn 8:1-11, where a verdict/judgment of condemnation = the failure to show mercy.+6:38Lit They will give into your lap/bosom a good measure, pressed down, shaken together, running over. ME(I/H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 280; NET Bible Notes, Lk 6:38). Also, the idiom in the OT often has connotations of repayment (see, eg, Is 65:7; Jr 32:18). The next line (ἀντιμετρέω [ antimetreō] is used there) indicates that such is the case here as well. Cf NLT, TEV.+6:38Lit For by which measure you measure it will be measured back to you. ME (see translation and note at Mt 7:1-2).+6:38Cf Mt 6:14, 7:1-4; Rm 2:1-5.+6:41Lit see. Connotations of self-righteousness and offense are present in this context. Cf Mt 9:11-12; Lk 7:36-40.+6:41Or pay no attention to.+6:42The focus in this context is on the ability to see (cf vv 39, 42b). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+6:43Or there is not a good tree that produces bad fruit, nor is there a diseased tree that produces bad fruit.+6:45Lit out of the good storehouse of the heart. ME. Cf NIV.+6:45Cf Pr 4:23.+6:46Lit Why do you…? EFE/ME. “ Why here gives the rhetorical question the meaning of ‘it has no sense that…’.” (see UBSHS [Lk], 287). Cf BDAG, 1007, sv τίς, 1.β., 2, 3.+6:47Or words, or sayings.+6:49Lit against which [house] the torrent struck, and immediately… ME. Cf CJB, NIV.+7:1Lit he.+7:1Lit had finished all his words in the ear/hearing of the people. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 291).+7:2Lit a certain centurion. ME(H) (see note at Mt 8:5).+7:2Lit who.+7:3Lit he.+7:4Lit they.+7:4Lit He is worthy to whom you will cause/grant this. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:5Or our nation.+7:5Cf Gn 12:3.+7:6Cf Jn 4:9, 18:28; Ac 10:28, 11:1-3; Ga 2:12.+7:7Lit consider myself appropriate/fit/worthy to come to you. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NET, NRSV, RSV.+7:7Lit say a word. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+7:8Lit under myself. ME. Cf NCV.+7:9Lit amazed at him.+7:11Lit he.+7:11Lit and his disciples and a large crowd were going along with him. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+7:12Lit She.+7:12Lit crowd. ME(H)/IT (see HNTC [Lk], 105). Cf TEV.+7:13Lit saw her.+7:13Or he was moved with compassion for her. Lit he was moved in the inward parts for her. ME(I/F) (see DBL Greek, #5072). Cf NIV.+7:14Or get up, or arise.+7:14Cf Mt 9:24; Mk 5:41; Jn 11:11; 1 Th 4:15; Eph 5:14.+7:15Lit he.+7:16Or and they began glorifying. Both inceptive action and progressive action are conceivable with the verbal aspect (imperfective) in this context.+7:17Lit about him.+7:17Or throughout the surrounding countryside, or throughout the neighboring territory. Cf UBSHS (Lk), 302. Cf also Lk 4:37, where a city, rather than a region, is the center point.+7:19Lit sent [them] to the Lord, saying. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:19This is most likely an allusion to Ml 3:1-4. See note at Mt 11:3. The same applies here.+7:20Lit came to him.+7:21Lit In/at that hour. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 304). Cf NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:21Lit he.+7:22Or the weak, or the poor, or the humble, or the afflicted. ME(OTB) (see notes at Mt 5:3 and Lk 4:18).+7:22These are allusions to Is 35:5-6 and 61:1 (LXX). Cf Lk 4:18; Jm 2:5.+7:23Lit and, or also. IT. What follows is a second part to the message. Cf NLT.+7:23Or fall away, or take offense. This may be an allusion to Is 8:14 (following a string of other allusions to Isaiah). Cf Ps 118:22; Is 28:16; Rm 9:33; 1 Pe 2:6-8.+7:24Lit he.+7:27Lit before your face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.19).+7:27Ml 3:1+7:28Lit among those born of women. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Mt], 326). Cf NLT, TEV.+7:28Or least.+7:28Cf Is 60:21-22.+7:29Or especially, or including.+7:29Cf the parallelisms and themes in Ps Sol 2:16, 3:3-5, 4:9, 8:7, 8:27-40, and 9:3, where God is the object of δικαιόω ( dikaioō). Note also that the judgments “vindicated” include judgments/decisions of all sorts: decisions to give mercy and salvation, to administer discipline or punishment, etc. For examples of “justifying” (or failing to “justify”) God, see Ex 9:27; Dt 32:4; 1 Ch 16:8ff; Ezr 9:15; Ps 36:6, 48:11 (note God’s decision to “save” man and beast), 116:5, 145:17; Ezk 18:25-29, 33:17-20; Dn 4:37; Ho 14:9; Re 16:5-7, 19:2. That God’s judgments are in view here is confirmed contextually (note the presence of βουλή in v 30).+7:30Or plan, or purpose, or decision, or counsel.+7:30Or for themselves, or with reference to themselves.+7:30Or ( All the people, when they heard this, declared that God’s judgments are just, for they had been baptized by John. The Pharisees and the Torah-experts, however, had rejected the will of God concerning themselves, for they had not been baptized by him.) Vv 29-30 can be interpreted as part of Jesus’ own words, or as a parenthetical comment made by Luke (see ESS [Lk], 307; UBSHS [Lk], 310-11).+7:32Lit played the flute. ME(H) (see note at Mt 11:17).+7:32Lit sang a dirge. ME(H) (see note at Mt 11:17).+7:33Lit John the Baptizer has come neither eating bread nor drinking wine. ME(OTB/H) (see note at Mt 11:18).+7:34Lit The Son of Man has come eating and drinking. See note at v 33 above.+7:35Here “wisdom” is being personified. Cf, eg, Pr 1:20, 8:1. Cf also Mt 23:34 and Lk 11:49.+7:35Cf Pr 2:20, 5:7, 7:24, 8:1, 32; Mt 11:19, 23:34; Lk 11:49.+7:36Lit him.+7:36Lit he.+7:37Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+7:37Lit Behold, a woman who was in the town a sinner. ME. Cf NASB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:37Lit he.+7:38Or began.+7:41Lit five hundred denarii. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24; NET Bible Notes, Lk 7:41).+7:41Lit fifty [denarii]. ME(H) (see note at Mt 18:24).+7:42Lit When they. Cf NIV, TEV.+7:42Lit Which of them.+7:42Lit him.+7:43Lit he.+7:45Lit gave. ME/IT (see L-N, 34.62). Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:47Lit as evidenced by the fact that she loved much. Following the evidentiary interpretation of ὅτι ( hoti) in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 7:47; UBSHS [Lk], 324). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+7:48Lit to her.+7:49Or among.+7:49Lit Who is this man who forgives even sins? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 325). Cf NLT.+8:1Lit he.+8:3Lit who. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV.+8:3Lit providing for them, or ministering to them. “Them” here is referring to Jesus and the Twelve. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:4Lit to him.+8:5Lit the birds of the sky. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, Mt 13:32). Cf NET.+8:8Lit He who has ears to hear, let him hear. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 11:15).+8:9Lit him.+8:9Lit what this parable might be. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 331). Cf most English translations.+8:10Lit To you it has been entrusted/granted/given to understand the mysteries.+8:10Cf Dn 2:17-47, 4:9; Rm 11:25, 16:25; 1 Co 4:1-2, 13:2, 14:2, 15:51; Eph 1:9, 3:3-9, 5:32, 6:19; Col 1:26-27, 2:2, 4:3; 1 Ti 3:9, 16; Re 1:20, 10:7, 17:5.+8:10Is 6:9+8:11Lit The parable is this. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:11Or word, or teaching. So throughout this section.+8:12Lit lest having believed they be saved. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+8:13Lit root they do not have. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:13Lit who.+8:13Or temptation.+8:13Lit in a time of testing. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+8:13Cf Job 1-2; Ps 31:15; Jm 5:11.+8:15Lit in/by/with patient endurance. Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+8:15Cf Rm 5:1-5; Jm 5:7-11.+8:17Cf Dt 29:29; Pr 25:2; Dn 2:21-22.+8:18Lit Therefore, see how you hear/listen. ME (see BDAG, 179, sv βλέπω 4, 6; L-N, 31.56). Cf NET.+8:18Lit For he who has, it will be given/granted/entrusted to him. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+8:18Cf Dn 1:17, 2:20-23, 7:15-16, 8:15-16, 9:20-23; Mt 13:11-12, 13:52, 25:29; Eph 1:7-9, 16-18.+8:18Lit and he who does not have, even what he thinks he has. ME (see translation and notes at Mt 13:12).+8:18Cf Is 5:13; Ho 4:4-6, 6:7-10; Mic 3:9-12; Zp 3:4; Mal 2:7-9; Mt 21:33-46; Rm 11:7-15, 25.+8:19Lit his.+8:21Lit he.+8:21Or do, or put into practice.+8:22Lit he.+8:23Lit he.+8:23Lit and they were filling with water, or and they were being swamped. ME/IT. Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:24Lit They.+8:24Lit He.+8:25Lit They.+8:25Lit and the water. Cf HCSB, NLT, TEV.+8:25Cf Gn 1:9, 8:1-5; Jb 38:11; Ps 18:15, 89:9, 93:4, 102:5-7, 106:9, 107:29; Jr 5:22.+8:27Lit he.+8:27Lit he.+8:28Or Leave me alone! Lit What to me and to you? ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 8:29).+8:28Or tormented, or tortured. Cf TEV.+8:29Lit he.+8:29Lit It.+8:29Lit him.+8:29Lit he.+8:31Lit they.+8:31Lit him.+8:31Lit that he might not command them to depart to. ME. Cf HCSB.+8:32Lit They.+8:32Lit with him.+8:32Lit into those.+8:35Lit they.+8:36Lit them.+8:36Or saved, or healed.+8:37Lit him.+8:37Lit He.+8:38Lit him.+8:39Lit he.+8:41Or began pleading.+8:42Lit because there was to him an only daughter, about twelve years, and she was dying. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:43Many manuscripts have another clause here: “having spent all her money on doctors” (NET). For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, Lk 8:43.+8:43Lit who was not able to be healed from no one. ME. Cf NCV, ISV, TEV.+8:44Lit the tassel. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 9:20). Cf Nu 15:37-41; Dt 22:12.+8:44Lit his.+8:44Lit her flow of blood. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+8:46Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+8:48Lit he.+8:49Lit No longer bother. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Lk], 359). Cf NLT.+8:50Lit answered him. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+8:50Or Just trust, or Just believe.+8:50Or healed, or delivered.+8:51Lit he.+8:52Lit for her. Cf NCV, TEV.+8:52Lit he.+8:52IT. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:53Lit she.+8:54Lit He.+8:54Lit her.+8:54Or get up, or arise.+8:55Lit her.+8:55Or breath, or life.+8:55Lit he.+8:56Lit Her.+8:56Lit he.+9:1Lit he.+9:1Cf Mk 9:29.+9:3Lit two tunics, or two inner garments. ME. Cf CJB, HCSB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+9:4Or house, or household.+9:4Lit there, or in that place. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+9:5Lit And as many as. IT. Cf ISV, NCV, NIV, TEV. Both people and a place are implied here.+9:6Lit they.+9:7Lit the tetrarch. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 14:1, Lk 3:1).+9:7Lit because of the to be being said by some. ME. Cf HCSB, NET, NIV, NLT.+9:9Or kept trying.+9:9Lit to see him.+9:10Lit him.+9:10Lit according to that which is private. ME(I/F) (see note at Mk 4:10).+9:13Lit he.+9:13Lit we have no more than. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:14Lit them. Cf NCV, TEV.+9:14Lit he.+9:15Lit And they did thus. Cf NET, NIV, TEV.+9:16ME(H)/IT. The “loaves” were not long like those in supermarkets today, but were small and round (one person might normally eat three during a meal). Five loaves might have been enough for two people (see L-N, 5.8; UBSHS [Mt], 460).+9:16Or pickled. ME(H)/IT. The fish were not raw, but were cooked or pickled (see UBSHS [Mt], 460; UBSHS [Mk], 205).+9:16Lit he.+9:16Or heaven.+9:16Or asked God’s blessing upon them. Lit blessed them. ME (see note at Mt 14:19).+9:17Lit And all ate and were satisfied. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 462). Cf CJB, NLT.+9:17Lit And what was left by them was taken up/removed/carried. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [Mk], 210). In this context, “took up/removed” doesn’t mean “picked up off the ground,” but that the people put the leftovers in the baskets as the disciples went around with them, or possibly as people brought the leftovers back to the disciples, or both.+9:18Lit he.+9:18Lit according to that which is alone/private. ME (see note at Mk 4:10). The context indicates that “private” or “alone” here means “away from the crowd,” not “all by himself” (since others are obviously with him).+9:20τίνα ( tina) is in P2 (see BART Display and LDGNT), and thus a cleft-construction has been used to give extra focus to this constituent.+9:21Lit he.+9:22See note at Mt 16:21. The same applies here.+9:22Cf Ps 22; Is 53.+9:22Ps 118:22+9:22Cf Ex 12:1-28; Lv 23:4-8; Dt 16:1-8; Jn 19:36; 1 Co 5:7.+9:22Cf Lv 23:9-14; 1 Co 15:4, 20.+9:23Lit come after me. ME(H) (see notes at Mt 4:19, 10:38, and 16:24).+9:23Cf 1 Co 15:31.+9:23Cf Jn 6:66.+9:24Or wants, or intends, or purposes.+9:24Or for.+9:25Lit What is a person going to be profited/benefited...? See note at Mt 16:26.+9:25Or suffers the loss of.+9:26A condition is implied in the relative clause here. For more on implicit conditions, see Wallace, Grammar, 687-9.+9:26Cf Is 40:5; Jr 3:17, 17:12; Ezk 1:26-28, 3:12-13, 3:23; Dn 7:13-14.+9:26Cf Mt 13:41.+9:27Cf Is 4:4:2-6, 60:1; Dn 2:34-35, 2:44-45, 7:21-22; 1 Co 4:20; 1 Th 3:13; 2 Pe 1:16-20.+9:28Lit After these words about eight days. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+9:31Or his departure, or his death. Something more than a euphemism for death may be in view here (cf Ex 19:1, Nu 33:38, 1 Ki 6:1, Ps 104:38 [105:38 in the MT], Ps 113:1 [114:1 in the MT] in the LXX, and Heb 11:22. Cf also Is 42:1-17, 43:3-6, 48:16-21). On the other hand, see 2 Pt 1:15, where “exodus/departure” is clearly a euphemism for death (cf L-N, 23.101; UBSHS [Lk], 382).+9:31Or fulfill, or carry out.+9:32Lit were weighed down with sleep, or were burdened by sleep. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.71). Cf CJB, TEV.+9:33Lit As they were leaving him.+9:33Cf Lv 23:42.+9:34Cf Ex 13:21-22, 14:19-24, 19:16-18, 20:18, 24:15-18, 33:9-10, 40:28-29; 2 Ch 7:1; Dt 4:33, 5:24-26; Is 4:2-6; Ezk 1:4-6, 25-28; Mt 17:5.+9:34Lit they.+9:35Cf Is 42:1, 49:7.+9:35Lit Hear him. ME (see L-N, 36.14).+9:35Cf Jn 5:45-46; Ac 3:22-23.+9:36Lit And in the voice to have happened. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:36Lit Jesus was found alone. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 385). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:36Lit They.+9:36Lit in those days. ME. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+9:37Lit when they.+9:37Lit a large crowd met him. Following the structuring of the NIV and TEV at Lk 8:27 in translation here.+9:38Lit look upon. ME (see ANLEX, 162, sv ἐπιβλέπω 1).+9:39Lit and it throws him into convulsions with foaming. ME. Cf NET.+9:42Lit he.+9:43Lit he.+9:44Lit Put you these words into your ears. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 24.64, 29.5). Cf ISV, NIV, NLT.+9:45Lit they.+9:45Lit But they didn’t understand this statement. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NLT.+9:45Lit grasp it.+9:45Cf Mk 6:52; 1 Co 2:6-10.+9:46Lit among them.+9:47Lit knowing the thought of their hearts. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+9:48Lit in my name. ME (see notes at Mt 10:41).+9:48An actual situation beyond what is immediately apparent to the person who welcomes is implied in this context.+9:49Lit is not accompanying us. ME (see note at Mt 4:19; UBSHS [Mk], 297). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:51Lit the days. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:51Lit In the to be drawing near the days of his being taken up. ME. Cf most English translations.+9:51Lit he set his face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 30.80).+9:51Cf Jn 11:8-10.+9:52Lit before his face. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 67.19). Cf most English translations.+9:53Lit but they.+9:53Lit his face was going. ME(I/F). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET.+9:54Or from the sky.+9:54Cf 2 Ki 1:9-14.+9:55Lit he.+9:55Some manuscripts add: “And he said, ‘You do not know what manner of spirit you are of; for the Son of Man came not to destroy people’s lives but to save them’ ” (ESV).+9:55Cf 2 Pt 3:9.+9:58Lit the birds of the sky. ME (see BDAG, 809, sv πετεινόν; NET Bible Notes, Mt 13:32). Cf NET at Mt 13:32.+9:58Lit has no place to lay his head. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.83). Cf TEV.+9:58Cf 1 Co 4:11; Heb 11:9-10.+9:59Lit Follow me. ME(H) (see note at Mt 4:19).+9:59Lit he.+9:60Lit he.+10:3Lit Go. Behold…. ME. Cf CJB, NCV.+10:4Lit Greet no one along the way. ME(H/OTB) (see ESS [Lk], 451; NET Bible Notes, Mt 23:7; UBSHS [Lk], 403). Cf 2 Ki 4:29. In certain cultures, greetings can take a very long time, and among first century Jews, were often quite elaborate. The point here is the urgency of the mission. Following the lead of the NET Bible at 2 Ki 4:29 in translation here. Cf CEV, NCV, NLT, TEV.+10:5Or house, or household. So throughout this section.+10:6Lit there, or in/at that place.+10:6Lit son.+10:6Or And if a person of peace is there.+10:6Cf 1 Sm 16:4-5.+10:6Cf 2 Ki 2:23-25.+10:9Lit in it.+10:9Lit say to them. This is referring not just to the sick, but to all the people in the town (see UBSHS [Lk], 405). Cf TEV.+10:10Lit they.+10:10Lit go into its.+10:12Cf Mt 10:15.+10:15Or to heaven.+10:15Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 11:22). In the LXX, the word ᾅδης ( Hadēs) is used to translate the Hebrew word “Sheol” (see, eg, Ps 6:5, 9:17).+10:17Other manuscripts read seventy. For further discussion, see NET Bible Notes, LK 10:1.+10:18Lit he.+10:19Lit behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9.+10:19Or and scorpions, and [authority] over.+10:19Or host, or power. In the LXX, δύναμις ( dunamis) is often used to translate “army/host” (see; LALS, sv; cf DBL Greek, 1539.7).+10:19Cf Rm 8:37-39; Eph 6:10-20.+10:19Or and nothing will harm you.+10:20Cf Ex 32:32; Ps 69:28; Is 4:3; Dn 12:1; Php 4:3; Heb 12:23; Re 13:8, 20:12, 21:27.+10:21Or At that very time. Lit In that very hour. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:21Lit he.+10:21Or praise.+10:21Lit the wise and understanding. ME(H) (see translation and note at Mt 11:25). Cf CJB, HCSB, NIV, TEV.+10:21Or revealed them, or disclosed them, or unveiled them.+10:21Lit to small children. ME(I/F/OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 11:25).+10:21Cf Is 29:14; 1 Co 1:18-2:16.+10:21Or that such was your gracious will, or that such was pleasing to you. Lit that such was well-pleasing in your sight. ME(I/F/OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 11:26).+10:22Lit to me. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 3:3, 6:37-40, 10:27-29, 16:15, 17:6-11)+10:22Or all things.+10:22Or no one knows. Cf CJB, NLT. The context indicates that “knowledge” here is to be understood in terms of a qualified distinction, not in terms of the presence or absence of any information at all. In other words, the “wise and learned” (v 21) in Israel obviously had access to information about God in the Scriptures, as did prophets and kings from the past (vv 23-24). What is implied here contextually is explicit in Matthew’s account (ἐπιγινώσκει [ epiginōskei] is used in Mt 11:27).+10:22Or desires, or wills.+10:22Or reveal him, or unveil him, or disclose him.+10:23Lit according to that which is private. ME (I/F) (see L-N, 28.67). Cf most English translations.+10:23Cf 1 Co 2:6-16.+10:24Cf 1 Pt 1:10-12.+10:25This is a more literal rendering of ζωὴν αἰώνιον ( zōēn aiōnion), which most English translations render as “eternal life.” See UBSHS (Jn), 88.+10:26Or What do you read there? Or How do you understand it? Lit How do you read [it]? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 417). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, RSV, TEV.+10:27Lit He.+10:27Dt 6:5+10:27Lv 19:18+10:29Lit he.+10:30Lit and inflicted blows [on him]. ME. Cf most English translations.+10:33Lit upon him.+10:33Cf Jn 4:9, 8:48.+10:34Lit him.+10:34Or donkey, or pack animal.+10:35Lit took out two denarii. ME(H)/IT. (see note at Mt 18:24).+10:35Lit and whatever you might spend in addition. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, ISV.+10:37Lit he.+10:38Lit as they. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:38Lit he.+10:39Lit She, or This woman. Cf NCV.+10:39Lit was listening to his word/message/teaching. Cf NCV.+10:40Lit was being dragged around/overburdened about much serving. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 25.238). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, TEV. “Food and drink” is implied in διακονία ( diakonia) here (see L-N, 46.13).+10:42Or better.+11:1Lit He.+11:1Lit please teach us to pray. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 428). The context (cf vv 2-4) indicates that the disciples are asking Jesus for instruction related to the content of prayer.+11:2Lit he.+11:2Or may your Name be treated as holy, or may your Name be set apart. Lit let your Name be sanctified. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mt 6:9). Cf Is 29:23; Ezk 36:23, 38:16, 39:27.+11:3Lit bread.+11:3Or our daily bread/food, or our bread/food for the coming day. See note at Mt 6:11. Cf Ex 16; Ps 78:25, 105:40; Pr 30:8-9; 2 Co 8:15; 1 Ti 6:6-9.+11:4Lit everyone who is indebted to us. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 88.298; UBSHS [Lk], 429). Cf ISV, NET, NIV, NLT.+11:4See note at Mt 6:13. The same applies here. Cf NLT.+11:4Cf Mk 14:38; 1 Co 10:13; Jm 1:13.+11:5Lit Who among you will have a friend and will go to him...?. ME. Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NRSV, TEV.+11:6Lit and I do not have what I will set before him. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+11:7Lit my children along with me. Cf HCSB, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+11:8Lit to him.+11:8Lit because he is his friend. This rendering has been chosen to avoid ambiguity that could arise because of the number of third-person singular references used in this verse. Cf NCV, NLT; UBSHS (Lk), 432.+11:9Lit it. IT. Cf NLT.+11:12Lit he.+11:12Lit him.+11:13Cf Jm 1:17.+11:14Lit and. Cf NCV, NLT.+11:14Lit he.+11:14Lit driving out a mute demon. ME. Cf CEV, NLT. It seems that the demon is called “mute” because of the problems it causes in the man (see ESS [Lk], 502; NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:14).+11:14Lit the mute [man].+11:16Or from the sky. Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+11:17Lit He.+11:17Lit a house against house. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NET, RSV.+11:19IT. Cf NCV, NLT.+11:19Lit sons. ME(I/F). In this context, “sons” means “followers” or “disciples” (see L-N, 36.39, 36.40; NET Bible Notes, Re 2:23). Cf ISV.+11:19Lit For that reason they will be the judges of you. ME (see note at Mt 12:27). Cf TEV.+11:20Cf Ex 8:19, 31:18; Dt 9:10; Ps 8:3.+11:21Or the strong man.+11:21Or his own house.+11:21Lit in peace.+11:22Lit he.+11:22Lit his.+11:22Lit the spoils of him. Making the information compressed in the genitive explicit in translation.+11:23Cf Ezk 34:1-24; Jn 10:1-18.+11:24Or rest, or a place of rest.+11:24Lit to my house from where I came out.+11:27Lit he.+11:27Lit raised the voice. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 33.78). Cf NET, NIV, NLT.+11:27Lit Blessed is the womb that carried you and the breasts at which you nursed. ME (see ESS [Lk], 517; L-N, 8.37; UBSHS [Lk], 444). Cf CJB, NIV, NLT. The point here is that Jesus’ mother was blessed because she had received the honor and privilege of being the mother of someone as important as Jesus.+11:27Cf Lk 1:48.+11:28Lit He.+11:29Or As the crowds were increasing. Cf CJB, ISV, NLT, TEV.+11:29Cf Dt 6:16; Is 7:12, 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Am 5:18; Hab 3:11; Mal 3:15; Mt 15:1-4, 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Ac 5:9; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+11:32Lit at the proclamation of Jonah. ME. Cf NCV, TEV.+11:34Lit When it.+11:34Lit evil. ME(I/F) (see note at Mt 6:23).+11:37Lit he.+11:38Lit did not baptize himself. ME(H) (see BDAG, 164, sv βαπτίζω 1; UBSHS [Lk], 450). Cf HCSB, NLT.+11:40Cf Gn 2:7; 1 Sm 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; Ps 17:2, 33:15, 139:23; Is 42:5, Jr 11:20, 17:10, 20:12; Zc 12:1; Rm 8:27; Re 2:23.+11:41Lit inwardly. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:41). Cf NET.+11:41Or But give to the poor inwardly, or But give to the poor with respect to the things which are inside. Following the NET in the adverbial accusative interpretation of τὰ ἐνόντα ( ta enonta) here (see NET Bible Notes, Lk 11:41).+11:42Lit For you tithe mint and rue and all other kinds of herbs. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see ESS [Lk], 534; NAC [Lk], 340). Cf Lv 27:30-33; Dt 14:22-29; 2 Ch 31:5-12.+11:43ME(H) (see NET Bible Notes, Mt 23:7). Cf NET.+11:44Lit and the people/men who walk over [them] don’t realize [it]. ME(OTB)/IT (see ESS [Lk], 536; JFB, 2:110; UBSHS [Lk], 454; translation and notes at Mt 23:27; NLT). Cf Lv 21:1-4, 11; Nu 19:16.+11:46Lit he.+11:46Lit For you load people down with loads hard to bear. ME(I/F/H) (see notes at Mt 11:28-30 and 16:19; UBSHS [Mt], 703).+11:46Lit but you don’t touch the loads with one of your fingers. ME(I/F/H) (see note at Mt 16:19). Cf Mt 11:28-30, 16:17-19, 18:15-20, 23:4; Ac 15:10-11.+11:47Lit For you build the tombs of the prophets. ME(H)/IT (see note at Mt 23:29). Cf CEV.+11:47Or fathers, or forefathers.+11:48Lit approve of the deeds of your ancestors. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:48Lit killed them.+11:50Lit so that it will be required of this generation. ME(I/F/OTB) (see, eg, Gn 9:5, 42:22; 2 Sm 4:11; Ezk 3:18). Following the lead of the NLT at Gn 42:22 in the translation of the idiom here.+11:51Lit It will be required of this generation. ME(I/F/OTB) (see note at “answer for” in v 50 above). Cf the TEV at Gn 42:22. Cf also the CJB, NCV, and TEV here.+11:51Cf Is 65:6-7; Mt 23:35-36.+11:52Or knowledge, or insight.+11:53Lit he.+11:54Lit him to catch in something from his mouth. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 459). Cf NEB, REB.+12:1Lit During/in which things. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 461).+12:1Lit he.+12:2Cf Ec 12:14; Rm 2:16, 14:10; 1 Co 4:5.+12:3Lit in the dark. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.71). Cf Mt 10:27; Mk 4:34.+12:3Lit in the light. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.64).+12:3Lit in the inner rooms. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 462). Cf CJB, NLT, NRSV.+12:3Lit into the ear. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 28.73).+12:3Cf Ac 2.+12:5Cf Gn 31:42, 53; Jb 28:28; Ps 111:10; Pr 1:7, 9:10, 15:33; Ec 12:3; Is 2:22, 8:13, 11:3.+12:5Ie, the second death, or eternal torment in a resurrected body in the lake of fire. Cf Is 66:24; Mt 5:29-30, 23:33, 10:28; Mk 9:42-49; Lk 12:5; Ac 24:15; Jn 5:28-29; Re 2:11, 14:11, 20:6, 20:14-15, 21:8.+12:6Lit two assaria. These were small Roman copper coins, each worth 1/16 of a day’s wage (see BSL, Lk 12:6, sv ἀσσάριον; L-N, 6.77).+12:6Lit before God. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 465). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:8Lit him.+12:12Lit in/at that hour. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:12Cf Eph 6:19.+12:13Lit to him.+12:13Or to share with me, or to divide with me. Cf CEV; UBSHS (Lk), 469.+12:13Cf Dt 21:17.+12:14Or Friend, or Man.+12:14Lit who appointed me as judge and arbitrator/divider over you? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 469). Cf TEV.+12:15Lit because his life is not in the to be abounding to someone from the possessions to him. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 470).+12:18Lit and I will store there. Cf TEV.+12:19Lit Soul. Following the TEV in translation here. Cf also UBSHS (Lk), 472.+12:20Cf Ps 39:6, 49:10-12, 73:16-18; Jb 27:17-22; Ec 2:18-26; Jr 17:11.+12:21Lit is not rich toward God, or is not rich in God, or is not rich with reference to God. ME (see BDAG, 831, sv πλουτέω 831; UBSHS [Lk], 474). Cf TEV.+12:22Lit he.+12:24VPR. See VCC (Mt 6:26).+12:24Cf Ps 145:15-16.+12:25Or add a cubit to his height.+12:28The oven of this time was “a dome-like structure made of clay, in which wood and dried grass were burned, and then after being heated, was used for baking bread” ( L-N, 7.74).+12:30Lit the Gentiles of the world. Cf HCSB.+12:30Or that seeks after. See note at Mt 6:33.+12:31Or continually seek. See note at Mt 6:33.+12:32Cf Ps 40:13, 44:3, 75:2, 77:7-9, 85:1-7, 102:13, 149:4; Dn 7:18, 22, 27; Is 54:8, 60:10; Zc 1:7-17; Ac 1:7.+12:35Lit Your loins must be girded and your lamps burning. ME(I/F) (see NET Bible Notes, Jb 38:3; UBSHS [1 Pt], 33; UBSHS [Jb], 694). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, TEV.+12:36Lit men. The context indicates that the men are servants in a master’s household. Cf NCV, TEV.+12:37Or alert.+12:37Lit he.+12:38According to Roman custom, the second watch would be 9pm-12am, and the third watch would be 12am-3am. According to Jewish custom, the second watch would be 10pm-2am, and the third watch would be 2am-6am (see ESS [Lk 12-24], 51; NET Bible Notes, Lk 12:28).+12:38Lit finds [them] thus.+12:39Or known. Cf Mt 24:33, 38-39.+12:40Or at.+12:40Lit an hour. ME (see note at Mt 24:36).+12:40Cf Mt 24:32-39.+12:42Or faithful.+12:42Or manager. Cf 1 Co 4:2.+12:43Lit the master of him. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT; NET at Mt 24:46.+12:44Lit He.+12:44Lit him.+12:45Cf 2 Pt 3:4-9, 15.+12:45Lit begins to beat the male slaves and the female slaves. ME. Cf NASB, NCV, NET, NRSV.+12:46Or on.+12:46Lit he.+12:46Lit an hour. ME (see note at Mt 24:36).+12:46Cf Is 11:3-4; Re 1:16, 2:16.+12:46Lit his.+12:46Lit his portion he will put with the unfaithful/unbelieving. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 763).+12:46Or to the unbelieving.+12:47Lit or did not do according to his will. ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 490). Cf CJB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT.+12:47Lit will be beaten with many (strokes). ME. Cf CJB, NASB, NLT, TEV. “ Beating here probably refers to beating with a stick or whip” ( UBSHS [Lk], 490).+12:48Lit deserving of blows/strokes. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+12:48Cf Ac 9:15-16; 2 Co 11:23-12:10.+12:49Lit came to, or have come to. See note at Mt 5:17. Cf TEV at Mk 1:24.+12:49Or to the earth.+12:50Lit I have a baptism to be baptized [with]. ME. Cf NASB, NET, NIV.+12:52Or in one and the same household.+12:53Lit against her daughter-in-law.+12:53A reference to Mi 7:6.+12:54Lit He.+12:54Cf NLT.+12:57Lit Why do you not judge what is right also/even of yourselves? ME (see UBSHS [Lk], 496).+12:57Cf 1 Co 6:1-11.+12:59Lit the last lepton. “The smallest and least valuable copper coin in use” (HCSB footnote).+12:59IT. Cf NCV, TEV.
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