8
“It Is a Superior Ministry That Jesus Has Received”
Now here is the main point of what we’re saying: Such as has been described is what we do in fact have as our high priest, who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majestic One+ in the heavens, a minister who carries out his sacred duties where? In the heavenly sanctuary, that is, the original+ tabernacle, which was set up not by human hands,+ but by the Lord. When any high priest, you see, is appointed, it is for the purpose of presenting sacrifices and offerings to God. That being the case, it follows that this high priest,+ too, must by definition have something to offer. Given these things, if Jesus were now here on the earth,+ he wouldn’t be a priest at all, since there are already priests here+ who are presenting the offerings prescribed by Torah, who carry out their duties in a sanctuary patterned after the heavenly sanctuary as a sketch+ and foreshadow, as indicated in the divine instruction+ that Moses received+ when he was about to build the tabernacle: “Be careful to make everything according to the pattern shown to ˢyou on the mountain.”+ As things now stand, however, it is a superior ministry that Jesus has received, inasmuch as it is a superior and more effective covenant, too, of which he is the intermediary, a covenant which has been enacted on promises that are themselves superior. If that first covenant, you see, had been faultless, there would have been no need+ for a second one. Finding fault with his people,+ you see, God+ says,
“Listen! There is coming a time,+ says the LORD,
when I will establish with the people of the northern kingdom of Israel
and with those of the southern kingdom of Judah+
a new covenant.
It will not be like the covenant I made with their ancestors+
at the time+ when I took them by the hand
to lead them out of the land of Egypt,
because they, for their part,+
stopped abiding by the terms+ of my covenant,
as a result of which I, for mine,
stopped paying attention to them, says the LORD.
10 For this is the kind+ of covenant that I will cut with the nation+ of Israel
after that time,+ says the LORD:
I will put my instructions+ in their minds
and write them on their hearts,
and I will be their God and they will be my people.
11 And there will be no need at all for people to teach their neighbors
and their countrymen+ with the words,+ ‘Know the LORD,’
because they will all know me,
from the least important of them to the most important.+
12 For I will be merciful regarding their wicked deeds,
and their sins I will remember no more.”+
13 By referring to this second covenant as “new,”+ God+ has rendered the first one old and worn out. Anything that is wearing out and growing old, moreover, isn’t far from disappearing altogether.+
+1:1Or various times, or various portions, or little by little. Cf Jn 3:34.+1:1Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+1:2Or last.+1:3Or word.+1:3Lit Having made/performed purification of sins. ME(OTB)/IT (see JFB, 2:441; LALS, sv καθαρισμός; UBSHS [Heb], 10; translation and notes at 2 Pt 1:9) See also Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” (PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20, 4:31, 6:7, 16:1-34; Nu 15:28; Jb 7:21.+1:3Lit of the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+1:4Lit having becoming superior in rank to the angels. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 13).+1:4Or a name. Cf DuCL; UBSHS (Heb), 13.+1:5Lit he. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:5Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+1:5Ps 2:7+1:52 Sm 7:14+1:6Cf Ps 89:27; Col 1:15-18; Re 1:5.+1:6Dt 32:43 (LXX); cf Ps 97:7.+1:7The Greek word used here can mean “wind,” “spirit,” or “breath.”+1:7Ps 104:4. Cf, eg, Jb 1-2; Ps 148:8; Ga 4:3, 9; Col 2:8, 20; Re 7:1, 14:18, 16:5.+1:8Lit that [will be] the scepter of. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 19). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:9Lit That is the reason why. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Ga 3:6; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit the God of you. ME(OTB)/IT. Covenantal connotations have been activated by “love” and “hate” in this context (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 20). Cf GeCL; TEV.+1:9Ps 45:6-7+1:12Or roll them up.+1:12Ps 102:25-27+1:13Lit he.+1:13Ps 110:1+1:14Or winds.+2:1Or have learned, or have heard. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:2Or word, or teaching. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 28). Cf Knox, TNT.+2:2Cf, eg, Ac 7:53.+2:3Lit which a beginning having received to be spoken through the Lord. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 27-9). Cf NET. The argument here is a from-lesser-to-greater argument. Cf, eg, Jn 7:16-17, 8:28, 12:49, 14:10, 14:24.+2:5Lit he.+2:5See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. The same applies here. Cf NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit But someone solemnly testifies somewhere. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 33). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:7See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. Cf also 1 Co 2:7.+2:7Lit crowned him.+2:7Cf Jn 17:22-24; Rm 8:28-30; 1 Co 2:7.+2:8Ps 8:5-7 (LXX)+2:8Lit he left nothing unsubjected to him. ME (see BDAG, 91, sv ἀνυπότακτος 1; UBSHS [Rm], 36).+2:9Lit we see. ME (see Heb 12:1-3). Cf UBSHS (Heb), 37.+2:9Lit because of the suffering of death. ME (see BDAG, 747, sv πάθημα 1). Cf TEV.+2:9The purpose clause here is logically connected to “made lower” (see UBSHS [Heb], 37-8), and therefore “made lower than the angels for a short time” has been restated in translation here for the sake of clarity. Cf TEV.+2:9Cf Is 53:9.+2:9Or for the sake of.+2:9Cf Is 53.+2:10Lit It was proper/appropriate/fitting for him.+2:10In this context, τελειόω ( teleiō) is referring to consecration and appointment for priestly service (see BDAG, 996, sv τελειόω 3; NBC, 1327; UBSHS [Heb], 39). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ex 29:9-35; Lv 8:33, 16:32, 21:10; Nu 3:3. Cf also Jn 17:17-19. The connotations of perfection, completeness, and ultimacy activated by this cognate family, however, are also relevant here within the overall context of Hebrews, in which a telic argument is sustained throughout on behalf of the perfection of the priesly service/cult renered by Jesus. Hence the inclusion of “perfect” here and throughout the translation of Hebrews.+2:10Or author, or leader, or founder, or source.+2:11Lit who sanctifies. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:11Or the same Father, or the same man, or the same origin. Lit from one thing, or from one man/person/being. Cf NJB, REB in ESS (Heb), 66.+2:11Lit he. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:11Lit brothers, saying.+2:12Lit sing in praise of you. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 43). Cf TEV.+2:12Ps 22:22+2:13Is 8:13-18 was interpreted Messianically in the early church (see NAC [Heb], 218). Accordingly, Is 8:17 is referring to the Messiah, and v 18 is referring to the Messiah with his children (ie, his disciples; see the following note). Following the lead of the NLT in translation here, so that the connection between the Messiah and his disciples is clear.+2:13Lit children. ME (see L-N, 9.46, 36.39). Cf Is 8:16.+2:13Translating in a way similar to how I’ve translated at Jn 6:37 (see translation and notes there).+2:13Is 8:17-18+2:14Lit share in flesh and blood. ME(OTB/I/F) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50; Php 2:7; Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+2:14Lit who holds the power/might/control of death. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 45; translation and notes at Re 9:3). Cf Gn 3; Mt 6:13, 26:41; 1 Co 10:13; 2 Co 2:11, 11:3.+2:15Cf, eg, Ps 3:5, 4:8, 6:5, 9:13, 13:3, 16:10, 18:4-5, 22:15, 30:3, 30:9, 33:19; 49:14-15, 68:20, 86:13, 88:3, 89:48, 116:3, 118:17-18, 139:8+2:16Lit he. Cf NCV.+2:17Or faithful, or reliable.+2:17Lit to make propitiation for/expiate the sins of the people. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Lk 18:13, Rm 3:25, and 1 Jn 2:2).+2:18Lit he.+2:18The perfect tense here signals ongoing relevance at the time of the speaker. I’ve tried to convey this in translation.+3:1Cf v 2:11.+3:1Or calling, or invitation.+3:1Cf Heb 1:9.+3:2Or reliable, or faithful, or loyal.+3:2Lit faithful to the one who appointed him. ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:2Lit his.+3:2Nu 12:7+3:3Lit This one. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+3:3Lit just as the builder of it has greater honor than the house.+3:4Lit Every house is built by someone. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:5Nu 12:7+3:7Or his summons, or his call. In the original context, the people are being compared to sheep. Cf Jn 10.+3:8Lit according to the day. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+3:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:10Or although they had seen my deeds for forty years. See UBSHS (Heb), 62.+3:10Lit They are always going astray in their hearts. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:10Lit have not known. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:11ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+3:11Ps 95:7-11+3:12Lit lest there be in someone of you an evil heart of unbelief/unfaithfulness in forsaking the living God. ME(OTB/H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [Heb], 59, 64). ἐν ( en) here is interpreted as a marker of result (see, eg, L-N, 89.48). This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, NLT, NET, TEV.+3:15Ps 95:7-8+3:16Lit all who came out of Egypt by Moses. ME. Cf NET.+3:16Cf 1 Co 10; Jud 5.+3:17Lit whose bodies fell. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 1.b.α.א; L-N, 20.60, 23.105). A violent death is implied here.+3:17Cf Nu 14:22-29, 26:65; 2 Co 10; Jud 1:5.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit were not able. ME. Cf NCV. This is clearly the meaning here.+4:1Or since. The participle here is either temporal (cf, eg, ISV, NET) or causal (cf, eg, NCV, NIV).+4:1Lit remains. ME (see BDAG, 521, καταλείπω 4). Cf NET, NRSV.+4:1Cf NLT.+4:1Or lest any of you ever seem.+4:1Lit let us fear, lest perhaps/ever any of you should appear/be judged to have failed. ME (see BDAG, 1043, sv ὑστερέω 1; UBSHS [Heb], 73). Cf NLT, NIV, RSV, TEV.+4:2Lit We also are gospeled. ME. Cf TEV.+4:2Lit they were not united with those who heard it in faith. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 74). Cf Nu 14:6-9, 24-30. Since the quotation that follows in verse 3 doesn’t pertain directly to “those who obeyed,” but to those whom the message “didn’t help,” a semicolon has been used in translation here. Cf HCSB.+4:3Lit he.+4:3Ps 95:11+4:4Lit For he has spoken somewhere about the seventh day thus. ME.+4:4Gn 2:2+4:5Lit And again in this place. ME. Cf NET.+4:6Lit enter it.+4:7Lit he.+4:8Lit If them Joshua had caused to have rest. ME(OTB) (see, eg, Dt 1:38, 12:10; Jsh 1:6). Cf NCV, TEV.+4:8Lit after these things. ME/IT.+4:10Lit his.+4:10The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here. Cf TEV.+4:11Or fail. Lit fall. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 2; L-N, 20-60). Cf 3:17 above.+4:11Lit by the same example of disobedience. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:12Lit joints. Cf GeCL; NCV.+4:12Lit penetrating as far as the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow. ME (see BDAG, 633, sv μερισμός 1.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 84).+4:12Lit of the heart. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mk 3:5; L-N, 26.3).+4:13Lit his.+4:13Lit naked. ME. Cf NIV.+4:16Cf Lv 16:1-3.+4:16Lit for timely help. ME. Cf most English translations.+4:16Lit grace. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). Including “gracious” here to maintain the connection with “throne of grace.” Cf, eg, Mt 26:41; 2 Co 12:9.+5:1Cf TEV.+5:1Lit on behalf of. ME. Cf NIV; NAB and REB in ESS (Heb), 150.+5:1Lit for the sake of sins. ME/IT (see BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.).+5:2Lit those who are ignorant and going astray. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 12, sv ἀγνοέω 4; UBSHS [Heb], 95). Cf Nu 15:27-31. The phrase here is interpreted as a hendiadys (the expression of a unified concept using coordination). This is reflected in the translation.+5:2Cf NET; L-N, 99.65. Cf also Heb 2:17.+5:3Lit because of it [with weakness as the antecedent]. ME. Cf TEV.+5:3Lit he. Cf NCV.+5:3Cf Lv 16.+5:4Lit the honor. ME (see BDAG, 1005, sv τιμή 2.d.; UBSHS [Heb], 96).+5:4Lit but being called. ME (see BDAG, 503, sv καλέω 4).+5:5Lit But [the one who bestowed the honor upon him is] the one who said to him. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NET, NIV.+5:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+5:5Ps 2:7+5:6Lit just as he says. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:6Ps 110:4+5:7Lit who.+5:7Lit in the days of his flesh. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50, Php 2:7, and Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+5:7Lit been heard. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 9:31; UBSHS [Heb], 99).+5:7Cf NIV, NRSV, TEV; NEB in UBSHS (Heb), 99.+5:8Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:11Lit Concerning which the word to us is much. ME. Cf NET, ISV, NLT, TEV.+5:11Lit since you have become lazy in the hearing. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Heb 5:11, νωθρός L-N, 32.47; UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός).+5:12Lit again you have need for someone to teach you the elements/rudiments of the beginning of the oracles of God. ME (see ANLEX, 357, sv στοιχεῖον 2.a.; BDAG, 946, sv στοιχεῖον 1.c.; L-N, 58.19, 58.20). Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+5:12Lit you have become having need of milk, not solid food. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+5:13Lit Everyone partaking of milk. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 105).+5:13Or word, or message.+6:1The NET captures the intended meaning well here, in my opinion, and has therefore been followed in translation.+6:1Or from useless acts. Lit from dead works/acts. ME (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NIV, TNT.+6:4Lit tasted. ME (see BDAG, 195, sv γεύομαι; L-N, 90.78).+6:6Or act unfaithfully, or commit apostasy. Lit fall away. ME(OTB) (see DBL Hebrew, #5085; LALS, sv παραπίπτω; TWOT, 519, sv māʿal). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ezk 14:13, 15:8, 18:24, and 20:27.+6:6Or since they are crucifying to their own harm, or since they are crucifying in their own persons. Lit crucifying in/by/to themselves. Cf JB in UBSHS (Heb), 116. I disagree with the UBSHS’s statement that “it seems to go without saying that such a personal act would be ‘willful’” (see UBSHS [Heb], 116). The distinction between “high-handed” sins and unintentional sins is a critical issue within atonement theology (see, eg, Nu 15:27-31).+6:6Cf Ac 5:5; Re 2:21-23.+6:9Lit the better things and having salvation. ME (see BDAG, 422, sv ἔχω 11.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 120). Cf Mfft. The article here seems to be pointing us back to verse 7 (cf Alford in ESS [Heb], 196).+6:10Lit the holy ones/saints.+6:11Lit toward/with a view to the full conviction/certainty of hope. ME (see L-N, 31.45; translation and notes at Col 2:2 and at Heb 3:6 and 3:14).+6:11The meaning here is similar to Heb 3:6 and 3:14.+6:12Lit lazy. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός). Maintaining consistency in translation with 5:11.+6:12Lit become imitators. ME. Cf NCV.+6:13Lit since he had by no one greater to swear an oath. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:13Gn 22:16. Lit swore an oath by himself. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 125). Cf NLT, TEV; NET and TEV at Gn 22:16.+6:14Gn 22:17. Lit blessing I will bless you and multiplying I will multiply you. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Heb 6:14). Cf NET, NLT.+6:15Lit he.+6:16Lit Men swear by the greater, and for them the oath is for confirmation an end of all argument. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125-7; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:17Lit wanting more abundantly to demonstrate the unchangeableness of his plan. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 128). Cf NLT, TEV.+6:17Lit mediated by an oath. ME/IT (see L-N, 31.21; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:18Lit by two unchangeable matters/things in which it is impossible for God to lie. ME/IT (see BDAG, 859, sv πρᾶγμα 1; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:19Lit which. Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+6:19Lit and entering into the inner of the curtain. ME(OTB/IT) (see BDAG, 294, sv εἰσέρχομαι 3; Ibid, 398, sv ἐσώτερος). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+6:20Ps 110:4+7:1Lit For this Melchizedek. EFE/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136). In Greek, γὰρ ( gar) is marked for continuity and strengthening/support (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 51-54).+7:2These phrases come from Gn 14:17-20.+7:2Lit first, being translated “king of righteousness.” ME(OTB)/IT (see ANLEX, 257, sv Μελχισέδεκ).+7:2Lit and then also “king of peace.” ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136).+7:3Lit without father. ME (see ANLEX, 62, sv ἀπάτωρ).+7:3Lit without mother. ME (see ANLEX, 46, sv ἀμήτωρ).+7:3Lit without genealogy. ME (see ANLEX, 31, sv ἀγενεαλόγητος).+7:3Or resembling, or being like. Drawing from ANLEX in translation here (see ANLEX, 84, sv ἀφομοιόω).+7:3Lit he continues as priest.+7:5Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 10.30). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+7:5Lit have a command. ME (see BDAG, 340, sv ἐντολή 2.α.ג.).+7:5Lit that is, their brothers. ME (see BSL, Heb 7:5, sv ἀδελφός; L-N, 11.25). Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+7:5Lit although they come from the loins of Abraham. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.60). Cf ISV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:6Lit the one.+7:6Lit from them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:7Lit Now it is beyond all argument that the inferior is blessed by the superior. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 141). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:8Lit in the other. ME.+7:9Lit And as to speak a word. ME (see L-N, 33.139; UBSHS [Heb], 142). Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV.+7:9Lit Levi. Here, Levi is being used metonymically for his descendants. Cf NLT.+7:11Lit perfection, or completion, or fulfillment of purpose. Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:11Lit on the basis of it. The antecedent has been restated in translation for the sake of clarity.+7:11Lit to arise. ME (see BDAG, 83, sv ἀνίστημι, 9).+7:12Or when.+7:13Lit Concerning whom.+7:15Lit if. Cf NCV. The meaning here is that clarity comes from the consideration of a premise.+7:15Lit according to the likeness of Melchizedek. ME (see BDAG, 707, sv ὁμοιότης).+7:17Ps 110:4+7:18Maintaining consistency in translation with v 16.+7:18Cf CJB; NRSV.+7:19Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:20Lit And inasmuch as it was not without oath-taking. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Heb 6:13-17; BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος). The use of ἔγγυος ( enguos) in v 22 (where the correlative picks up) makes the intended meaning clear here.+7:20Lit they. Cf NLT.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:21Lit he. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:21Lit through the one who said to him. ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+7:21Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+7:21Lit will not change his mind. ME. Cf NLT, TEV; TNT and REB in ESS (Heb), 251.+7:21Ps 110:4+7:22Lit Jesus has become the guarantor of a better/superior/more effective covenant. ME(H) (see BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος; UBSHS [Heb], 154).+7:23Lit And they are become many priests because of the to be prevented to continue by death. ME (see BDAG, 769, sv παραμένω 2; Bloomfield et al in ESS [Heb], 253; UBSHS [Heb], 156).+7:24Lit he.+7:24Lit has the priesthood. ME. Cf NCV.+7:25Or save for all time.+7:26Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+7:26Lit and having become higher than the heavens. ME (see BDAG, 1044, sv ὑψηλός 1).+7:27Lit This one.+7:27Lit did [this].+7:28Lit who have weakness. ME (see BDAG, 142, sv ἀσθένεια 2.b.; ESS [Heb], 261; UBSHS [Heb], 161). The context indicates that both moral weakness (see v 27) and mortality (see vv 23-24) are included within the scope of “weakness” here.+7:28Lit The word of the oath.+8:1Lit the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+8:2Lit true. Cf CJB at Heb 8:5. The context indicates that “true” here is meant to be understood not in the sense of “real” (the tabernacle under Moses was, obviously, an actual thing), but in the sense of “original” and “antitype” (ie, the opposite of “sketch” [or “copy”; cf, eg, HCSB, ISV] and “shadow” in v 5). While I agree with the NET Bible Notes at Heb 8:5 (namely, that there is “temporal progression between the earthly and heavenly sanctuaries,” and that it is better to interpret these verses within a Biblical/Hebraic, rather than a Hellenistic, framework), it is clear from the context that the earthly tabernacle and temple were patterned after an already existing sanctuary (cf v 5), originally set up when the heavens were created (cf the relative clause in this verse), in which Jesus presently serves as priest (cf v 1). There is no need to pit the two against each other here. The earthly tabernacle was “sketched” based on the original, and as such, it is also an “example” and foreshadow of the future reality that will be experienced on the earth (see Re 21:1-4).+8:2Lit by man. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+8:3Lit this one.+8:4Lit if he were on earth. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+8:4Lit being those presenting. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+8:5Or imitation, or copy, or example, or model, or pattern. Cf LEB, NET.+8:5Or warning.+8:5Lit just as Moses was divinely warned/instructed. Following the interpretation of Bloomfield et al in translation here (see ESS [Heb], 273).+8:5Ex 25:40+8:7Lit a place would not have been sought for. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 169). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:8Lit with them. Cf Jr 31:32; the rest of this verse. I have used “his” in translation (see HCSB, ISV, NCV, TEV), instead of “the” (cf NIV, NLT), to avoid the impression that leaders were excluded from those with whom God found fault.+8:8Lit he.+8:8Lit days. ME (see BDAG, 438, sv ἡμέρα 4.b.). Cf NCV, NIV.+8:8Lit with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. ME(I/F/H/OTB)/IT (see BDAG, 481, sv Ἰσραήλ 1; L-N, 11.58).+8:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+8:9Lit in the day. ME. Cf ISV.+8:9Cf CJB. This is very appropriate in a covenantal context.+8:9Lit did not continue in. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 172).+8:10As the UBSHS points out, here it is “the nature of the covenant and not the fact of the covenant which is in focus” (see UBSHS [Heb], 172).+8:10Or people. Lit house. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 11.58).+8:10Lit after those days. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+8:10Or laws, or Torah.+8:11Or fellow-Jews. Lit brother. ME (see L-N, 11.25, 11.57; UBSHS [Heb], 174).+8:11Lit And they will certainly not teach each one his neighbor and each his brother, saying. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+8:11Or from the youngest of them to the oldest.+8:12Jr 31:31-34+8:13Lit In/by the to say, “new.” ME. Cf, eg, CJB, ISV, NET, NIV.+8:13Lit he.+8:13Lit is near of disappearing. Cf CJB. The author here is making logical conclusions from the passage he just quoted—from the perspective of the time when the word was first spoken.