3
“Be Very Careful, Brothers and Sisters”
That is why, holy brothers and sisters,+ with regard to whom it is a summons+ from heaven in which you share as companions,+ you must carefully consider the apostle and high priest whom we profess, namely, Jesus, who is fully trustworthy+ in the priestly work that God has assigned to him,+ just as Moses, too, was himself “trustworthy in his work in God’s+ house.”+ Jesus+ has been deemed worthy of even greater honor, you see, than Moses, just as the builder of a house himself receives greater honor than the house he builds.+ Every house, you see, has a builder.+ The one who built all things, however, is God. And whereas Moses, on the one hand, was “trustworthy in his work in God’s entire house”+ as a servant, to bear solemn witness to the things that God would speak in the future, the Messiah, on the other, is trustworthy as the Son in charge of God’s house—whose house we ourselves are, if we faithfully retain our courage and our confidence in that for which we hope.
That is why, as the Holy Spirit says:
“Today, if ᵖyou hear his voice,+
don’t harden your hearts as they did in the rebellion,
as they did during the time+ of testing in the wilderness,
where your ancestors+ put me to the test and tried me,
and so felt my punishments 10 for forty years.+
That is why I became angry with this generation and said,
‘They are not loyal to me,+
and they have refused to follow+ my ways.’
11 So I swore a solemn oath in my wrath:
‘Only if I am not God+ will they enter my rest.’ ”+
12 Be very careful, brothers and sisters, lest any of you become so full of evil and unbelief that you forsake the living God.+ 13 Instead, continue to strengthen and encourage one another each day, so long as “Today” is what it is still called, so that none of you may be hardened as a result of sin’s deceitful tricks. 14 Companions of the Messiah, you see, are what we still are and will surely remain if indeed, in regard to the conviction we had at first, we retain it steadfastly to the very finish. 15 As it says,
“Today, if you hear his voice,
don’t be dull and stubborn as they were in the rebellion.”+
16 Who was it, after all, who, after having “heard,” then “rebelled”? It was all who came out of Egypt under Moses’ leadership,+ was it not?+ 17 And with whom did God “become angry for forty years?” It was with those who sinned, was it not, who as a result were struck dead+ in the wilderness?+ 18 And to whom did God+ “swear a solemn oath,” that they would certainly not “enter his rest,” if not to those who refused to obey him? 19 And so we see that they were not allowed+ to enter because of their unbelief.
+1:1Or various times, or various portions, or little by little. Cf Jn 3:34.+1:1Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+1:2Or last.+1:3Or word.+1:3Lit Having made/performed purification of sins. ME(OTB)/IT (see JFB, 2:441; LALS, sv καθαρισμός; UBSHS [Heb], 10; translation and notes at 2 Pt 1:9) See also Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” (PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20, 4:31, 6:7, 16:1-34; Nu 15:28; Jb 7:21.+1:3Lit of the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+1:4Lit having becoming superior in rank to the angels. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 13).+1:4Or a name. Cf DuCL; UBSHS (Heb), 13.+1:5Lit he. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:5Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+1:5Ps 2:7+1:52 Sm 7:14+1:6Cf Ps 89:27; Col 1:15-18; Re 1:5.+1:6Dt 32:43 (LXX); cf Ps 97:7.+1:7The Greek word used here can mean “wind,” “spirit,” or “breath.”+1:7Ps 104:4. Cf, eg, Jb 1-2; Ps 148:8; Ga 4:3, 9; Col 2:8, 20; Re 7:1, 14:18, 16:5.+1:8Lit that [will be] the scepter of. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 19). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:9Lit That is the reason why. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Ga 3:6; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit the God of you. ME(OTB)/IT. Covenantal connotations have been activated by “love” and “hate” in this context (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 20). Cf GeCL; TEV.+1:9Ps 45:6-7+1:12Or roll them up.+1:12Ps 102:25-27+1:13Lit he.+1:13Ps 110:1+1:14Or winds.+2:1Or have learned, or have heard. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:2Or word, or teaching. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 28). Cf Knox, TNT.+2:2Cf, eg, Ac 7:53.+2:3Lit which a beginning having received to be spoken through the Lord. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 27-9). Cf NET. The argument here is a from-lesser-to-greater argument. Cf, eg, Jn 7:16-17, 8:28, 12:49, 14:10, 14:24.+2:5Lit he.+2:5See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. The same applies here. Cf NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit But someone solemnly testifies somewhere. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 33). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:7See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. Cf also 1 Co 2:7.+2:7Lit crowned him.+2:7Cf Jn 17:22-24; Rm 8:28-30; 1 Co 2:7.+2:8Ps 8:5-7 (LXX)+2:8Lit he left nothing unsubjected to him. ME (see BDAG, 91, sv ἀνυπότακτος 1; UBSHS [Rm], 36).+2:9Lit we see. ME (see Heb 12:1-3). Cf UBSHS (Heb), 37.+2:9Lit because of the suffering of death. ME (see BDAG, 747, sv πάθημα 1). Cf TEV.+2:9The purpose clause here is logically connected to “made lower” (see UBSHS [Heb], 37-8), and therefore “made lower than the angels for a short time” has been restated in translation here for the sake of clarity. Cf TEV.+2:9Cf Is 53:9.+2:9Or for the sake of.+2:9Cf Is 53.+2:10Lit It was proper/appropriate/fitting for him.+2:10In this context, τελειόω ( teleiō) is referring to consecration and appointment for priestly service (see BDAG, 996, sv τελειόω 3; NBC, 1327; UBSHS [Heb], 39). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ex 29:9-35; Lv 8:33, 16:32, 21:10; Nu 3:3. Cf also Jn 17:17-19. The connotations of perfection, completeness, and ultimacy activated by this cognate family, however, are also relevant here within the overall context of Hebrews, in which a telic argument is sustained throughout on behalf of the perfection of the priesly service/cult renered by Jesus. Hence the inclusion of “perfect” here and throughout the translation of Hebrews.+2:10Or author, or leader, or founder, or source.+2:11Lit who sanctifies. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:11Or the same Father, or the same man, or the same origin. Lit from one thing, or from one man/person/being. Cf NJB, REB in ESS (Heb), 66.+2:11Lit he. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:11Lit brothers, saying.+2:12Lit sing in praise of you. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 43). Cf TEV.+2:12Ps 22:22+2:13Is 8:13-18 was interpreted Messianically in the early church (see NAC [Heb], 218). Accordingly, Is 8:17 is referring to the Messiah, and v 18 is referring to the Messiah with his children (ie, his disciples; see the following note). Following the lead of the NLT in translation here, so that the connection between the Messiah and his disciples is clear.+2:13Lit children. ME (see L-N, 9.46, 36.39). Cf Is 8:16.+2:13Translating in a way similar to how I’ve translated at Jn 6:37 (see translation and notes there).+2:13Is 8:17-18+2:14Lit share in flesh and blood. ME(OTB/I/F) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50; Php 2:7; Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+2:14Lit who holds the power/might/control of death. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 45; translation and notes at Re 9:3). Cf Gn 3; Mt 6:13, 26:41; 1 Co 10:13; 2 Co 2:11, 11:3.+2:15Cf, eg, Ps 3:5, 4:8, 6:5, 9:13, 13:3, 16:10, 18:4-5, 22:15, 30:3, 30:9, 33:19; 49:14-15, 68:20, 86:13, 88:3, 89:48, 116:3, 118:17-18, 139:8+2:16Lit he. Cf NCV.+2:17Or faithful, or reliable.+2:17Lit to make propitiation for/expiate the sins of the people. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Lk 18:13, Rm 3:25, and 1 Jn 2:2).+2:18Lit he.+2:18The perfect tense here signals ongoing relevance at the time of the speaker. I’ve tried to convey this in translation.+3:1Cf v 2:11.+3:1Or calling, or invitation.+3:1Cf Heb 1:9.+3:2Or reliable, or faithful, or loyal.+3:2Lit faithful to the one who appointed him. ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:2Lit his.+3:2Nu 12:7+3:3Lit This one. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+3:3Lit just as the builder of it has greater honor than the house.+3:4Lit Every house is built by someone. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:5Nu 12:7+3:7Or his summons, or his call. In the original context, the people are being compared to sheep. Cf Jn 10.+3:8Lit according to the day. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+3:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:10Or although they had seen my deeds for forty years. See UBSHS (Heb), 62.+3:10Lit They are always going astray in their hearts. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:10Lit have not known. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:11ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+3:11Ps 95:7-11+3:12Lit lest there be in someone of you an evil heart of unbelief/unfaithfulness in forsaking the living God. ME(OTB/H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [Heb], 59, 64). ἐν ( en) here is interpreted as a marker of result (see, eg, L-N, 89.48). This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, NLT, NET, TEV.+3:15Ps 95:7-8+3:16Lit all who came out of Egypt by Moses. ME. Cf NET.+3:16Cf 1 Co 10; Jud 5.+3:17Lit whose bodies fell. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 1.b.α.א; L-N, 20.60, 23.105). A violent death is implied here.+3:17Cf Nu 14:22-29, 26:65; 2 Co 10; Jud 1:5.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit were not able. ME. Cf NCV. This is clearly the meaning here.