13
“Let Us Continually Offer Up a Sacrifice of Praise to God”
Brotherly love must never cease. Don’t neglect to show travelers hospitality, because by so doing+ some have had angels as guests without even realizing it.+ Remember those in prison as if you were in prison with them, and those who are being cruelly treated as if you, too, were there suffering the same kind of treatment yourselves.+ Marriage must be in all respects held in high honor, and the marriage bed kept undefiled. God will punish+ the sexually immoral, you see, and those who commit adultery.+ Keep your conduct free, as well, from the love of money, being content with what you have, because God+ has said,
“Never will I abandon ˢyou;
never will I forsake ˢyou.”+
And so it is with confidence that we can say,
“The LORD is my helper; I will not be afraid.
What can mere men do to me?”+
Keep in mind the example of your leaders, who taught+ you the word of God. Giving careful thought to the outcome of their way of life, follow the example of their faith.+ Jesus the Messiah is the same indeed yesterday and today and forever into the very ages. Don’t allow yourselves to be carried away by teachings that are foreign to the gospel, of which there are many different kinds.+ It is good for the heart to be established, you see, by God’s gracious mercy and help,+ not by regulations about foods,+ which were of no help to those who observed them.+ 10 We have an altar from which the priests+ whose duties are carried out in the tabernacle have no right to eat.+ 11 The animals, you see, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest to atone for sin: The bodies of these animals are burned outside the camp.+ 12 That is why Jesus, similarly, in order to set apart to God by his own blood the people, suffered outside the city gate. 13 So then, in our own situation, let us go to him, as it were, outside the camp, patiently bearing insult along with him.+ 14 We don’t have here a lasting city, you see; no, it is the city to come on which we are setting our hearts.
15 Through Jesus,+ therefore, let us continually offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit presented by lips that profess allegiance to his name.+ 16 Do not neglect to do good, moreover, and share what you have, because these are the kind of sacrifices with which God is pleased. 17 Obey your leaders and submit to their authority, because they keep vigilant watch over you+ as those who will have to give of their service a full account. Do this so that they may do their work+ not begrudgingly,+ but with joy, since the former+ would be to you of no help at all. 18 Please keep on praying for us, convinced as we are+ that we really do have a clear conscience,+ resolving to conduct ourselves honorably in indeed every respect. 19 I plead even more earnestly for such prayer to be lifted up,+ though, that I may in answer be sent back+ to you very soon.
20 Now may the God of peace, who brought up from the dead the great shepherd who saves+ the sheep on the basis of the blood of a covenant that endures forever into the ages,+ namely, our Lord Jesus, 21 provide you with every good thing you need in order to “carry out his will,”+ producing inside of us that which is pleasing in his sight through Jesus the Messiah, to whom be the glory forever into the ages. Amen.
“Grace Be with All of You”
22 I urge you, brothers and sisters, to take kindly+ this message whose purpose is to give you strength and encouragement,+ since I have in fact written to you only in brief.+ 23 You should know that our brother Timothy has been released, in company with whom, if he arrives soon, I will come to visit you.+ 24 Please give greetings to all your leaders and to all the Lord’s holy people.+ Those from Italy send you greetings. 25 Grace be with all of you.
+1:1Or various times, or various portions, or little by little. Cf Jn 3:34.+1:1Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+1:2Or last.+1:3Or word.+1:3Lit Having made/performed purification of sins. ME(OTB)/IT (see JFB, 2:441; LALS, sv καθαρισμός; UBSHS [Heb], 10; translation and notes at 2 Pt 1:9) See also Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” (PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024). Cf, eg, Lv 4:20, 4:31, 6:7, 16:1-34; Nu 15:28; Jb 7:21.+1:3Lit of the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+1:4Lit having becoming superior in rank to the angels. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 13).+1:4Or a name. Cf DuCL; UBSHS (Heb), 13.+1:5Lit he. Cf CJB, ISV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+1:5Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+1:5Ps 2:7+1:52 Sm 7:14+1:6Cf Ps 89:27; Col 1:15-18; Re 1:5.+1:6Dt 32:43 (LXX); cf Ps 97:7.+1:7The Greek word used here can mean “wind,” “spirit,” or “breath.”+1:7Ps 104:4. Cf, eg, Jb 1-2; Ps 148:8; Ga 4:3, 9; Col 2:8, 20; Re 7:1, 14:18, 16:5.+1:8Lit that [will be] the scepter of. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 19). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:9Lit That is the reason why. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Ga 3:6; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit the God of you. ME(OTB)/IT. Covenantal connotations have been activated by “love” and “hate” in this context (see translation and notes at Mt 10:37, 22:32; Lk 14:26; Jn 12:5; 1 Co 16:22; Jm 1:12).+1:9Lit has anointed you with the oil of joy above your companions. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 20). Cf GeCL; TEV.+1:9Ps 45:6-7+1:12Or roll them up.+1:12Ps 102:25-27+1:13Lit he.+1:13Ps 110:1+1:14Or winds.+2:1Or have learned, or have heard. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:2Or word, or teaching. ME(H/OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 28). Cf Knox, TNT.+2:2Cf, eg, Ac 7:53.+2:3Lit which a beginning having received to be spoken through the Lord. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 27-9). Cf NET. The argument here is a from-lesser-to-greater argument. Cf, eg, Jn 7:16-17, 8:28, 12:49, 14:10, 14:24.+2:5Lit he.+2:5See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. The same applies here. Cf NCV, NLT.+2:6Lit But someone solemnly testifies somewhere. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 33). Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:7See translation and notes at Jn 17:22-24 and Rm 8:28-30. Cf also 1 Co 2:7.+2:7Lit crowned him.+2:7Cf Jn 17:22-24; Rm 8:28-30; 1 Co 2:7.+2:8Ps 8:5-7 (LXX)+2:8Lit he left nothing unsubjected to him. ME (see BDAG, 91, sv ἀνυπότακτος 1; UBSHS [Rm], 36).+2:9Lit we see. ME (see Heb 12:1-3). Cf UBSHS (Heb), 37.+2:9Lit because of the suffering of death. ME (see BDAG, 747, sv πάθημα 1). Cf TEV.+2:9The purpose clause here is logically connected to “made lower” (see UBSHS [Heb], 37-8), and therefore “made lower than the angels for a short time” has been restated in translation here for the sake of clarity. Cf TEV.+2:9Cf Is 53:9.+2:9Or for the sake of.+2:9Cf Is 53.+2:10Lit It was proper/appropriate/fitting for him.+2:10In this context, τελειόω ( teleiō) is referring to consecration and appointment for priestly service (see BDAG, 996, sv τελειόω 3; NBC, 1327; UBSHS [Heb], 39). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ex 29:9-35; Lv 8:33, 16:32, 21:10; Nu 3:3. Cf also Jn 17:17-19. The connotations of perfection, completeness, and ultimacy activated by this cognate family, however, are also relevant here within the overall context of Hebrews, in which a telic argument is sustained throughout on behalf of the perfection of the priesly service/cult renered by Jesus. Hence the inclusion of “perfect” here and throughout the translation of Hebrews.+2:10Or author, or leader, or founder, or source.+2:11Lit who sanctifies. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+2:11Or the same Father, or the same man, or the same origin. Lit from one thing, or from one man/person/being. Cf NJB, REB in ESS (Heb), 66.+2:11Lit he. Cf ISV, NIV, TEV.+2:11Lit brothers, saying.+2:12Lit sing in praise of you. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 43). Cf TEV.+2:12Ps 22:22+2:13Is 8:13-18 was interpreted Messianically in the early church (see NAC [Heb], 218). Accordingly, Is 8:17 is referring to the Messiah, and v 18 is referring to the Messiah with his children (ie, his disciples; see the following note). Following the lead of the NLT in translation here, so that the connection between the Messiah and his disciples is clear.+2:13Lit children. ME (see L-N, 9.46, 36.39). Cf Is 8:16.+2:13Translating in a way similar to how I’ve translated at Jn 6:37 (see translation and notes there).+2:13Is 8:17-18+2:14Lit share in flesh and blood. ME(OTB/I/F) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50; Php 2:7; Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+2:14Lit who holds the power/might/control of death. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 45; translation and notes at Re 9:3). Cf Gn 3; Mt 6:13, 26:41; 1 Co 10:13; 2 Co 2:11, 11:3.+2:15Cf, eg, Ps 3:5, 4:8, 6:5, 9:13, 13:3, 16:10, 18:4-5, 22:15, 30:3, 30:9, 33:19; 49:14-15, 68:20, 86:13, 88:3, 89:48, 116:3, 118:17-18, 139:8+2:16Lit he. Cf NCV.+2:17Or faithful, or reliable.+2:17Lit to make propitiation for/expiate the sins of the people. ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Lk 18:13, Rm 3:25, and 1 Jn 2:2).+2:18Lit he.+2:18The perfect tense here signals ongoing relevance at the time of the speaker. I’ve tried to convey this in translation.+3:1Cf v 2:11.+3:1Or calling, or invitation.+3:1Cf Heb 1:9.+3:2Or reliable, or faithful, or loyal.+3:2Lit faithful to the one who appointed him. ME/IT (see FSB, Heb 3:1; NET Bible Notes, Nu 12:2; UBSHS [Heb], 52). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:2Lit his.+3:2Nu 12:7+3:3Lit This one. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV.+3:3Lit just as the builder of it has greater honor than the house.+3:4Lit Every house is built by someone. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+3:5Nu 12:7+3:7Or his summons, or his call. In the original context, the people are being compared to sheep. Cf Jn 10.+3:8Lit according to the day. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+3:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+3:10Or although they had seen my deeds for forty years. See UBSHS (Heb), 62.+3:10Lit They are always going astray in their hearts. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NCV, TEV.+3:10Lit have not known. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+3:11ME(OTB)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 8:12; ESS [Heb], 104).+3:11Ps 95:7-11+3:12Lit lest there be in someone of you an evil heart of unbelief/unfaithfulness in forsaking the living God. ME(OTB/H)/IT (see translation and notes at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [Heb], 59, 64). ἐν ( en) here is interpreted as a marker of result (see, eg, L-N, 89.48). This is reflected in the translation. Cf CJB, NLT, NET, TEV.+3:15Ps 95:7-8+3:16Lit all who came out of Egypt by Moses. ME. Cf NET.+3:16Cf 1 Co 10; Jud 5.+3:17Lit whose bodies fell. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 1.b.α.א; L-N, 20.60, 23.105). A violent death is implied here.+3:17Cf Nu 14:22-29, 26:65; 2 Co 10; Jud 1:5.+3:18Lit he.+3:19Lit were not able. ME. Cf NCV. This is clearly the meaning here.+4:1Or since. The participle here is either temporal (cf, eg, ISV, NET) or causal (cf, eg, NCV, NIV).+4:1Lit remains. ME (see BDAG, 521, καταλείπω 4). Cf NET, NRSV.+4:1Cf NLT.+4:1Or lest any of you ever seem.+4:1Lit let us fear, lest perhaps/ever any of you should appear/be judged to have failed. ME (see BDAG, 1043, sv ὑστερέω 1; UBSHS [Heb], 73). Cf NLT, NIV, RSV, TEV.+4:2Lit We also are gospeled. ME. Cf TEV.+4:2Lit they were not united with those who heard it in faith. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 74). Cf Nu 14:6-9, 24-30. Since the quotation that follows in verse 3 doesn’t pertain directly to “those who obeyed,” but to those whom the message “didn’t help,” a semicolon has been used in translation here. Cf HCSB.+4:3Lit he.+4:3Ps 95:11+4:4Lit For he has spoken somewhere about the seventh day thus. ME.+4:4Gn 2:2+4:5Lit And again in this place. ME. Cf NET.+4:6Lit enter it.+4:7Lit he.+4:8Lit If them Joshua had caused to have rest. ME(OTB) (see, eg, Dt 1:38, 12:10; Jsh 1:6). Cf NCV, TEV.+4:8Lit after these things. ME/IT.+4:10Lit his.+4:10The aorist indicative is functioning proleptically here. Cf TEV.+4:11Or fail. Lit fall. ME (see BDAG, 815, sv πίπτω 2; L-N, 20-60). Cf 3:17 above.+4:11Lit by the same example of disobedience. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NCV, NET, NIV.+4:12Lit joints. Cf GeCL; NCV.+4:12Lit penetrating as far as the division of soul and spirit, and of joints and marrow. ME (see BDAG, 633, sv μερισμός 1.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 84).+4:12Lit of the heart. ME(OTB) (see translation and note at Mk 3:5; L-N, 26.3).+4:13Lit his.+4:13Lit naked. ME. Cf NIV.+4:16Cf Lv 16:1-3.+4:16Lit for timely help. ME. Cf most English translations.+4:16Lit grace. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). Including “gracious” here to maintain the connection with “throne of grace.” Cf, eg, Mt 26:41; 2 Co 12:9.+5:1Cf TEV.+5:1Lit on behalf of. ME. Cf NIV; NAB and REB in ESS (Heb), 150.+5:1Lit for the sake of sins. ME/IT (see BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.).+5:2Lit those who are ignorant and going astray. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 12, sv ἀγνοέω 4; UBSHS [Heb], 95). Cf Nu 15:27-31. The phrase here is interpreted as a hendiadys (the expression of a unified concept using coordination). This is reflected in the translation.+5:2Cf NET; L-N, 99.65. Cf also Heb 2:17.+5:3Lit because of it [with weakness as the antecedent]. ME. Cf TEV.+5:3Lit he. Cf NCV.+5:3Cf Lv 16.+5:4Lit the honor. ME (see BDAG, 1005, sv τιμή 2.d.; UBSHS [Heb], 96).+5:4Lit but being called. ME (see BDAG, 503, sv καλέω 4).+5:5Lit But [the one who bestowed the honor upon him is] the one who said to him. ME/IT. Cf ISV, NET, NIV.+5:5Lit I today have fathered you, or I today have begotten you. ME(OTB/H) (see translation and notes at Ac 13:33).+5:5Ps 2:7+5:6Lit just as he says. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+5:6Ps 110:4+5:7Lit who.+5:7Lit in the days of his flesh. ME(OTB) (see BDAG, 26, sv αἷμα 1.a.; Ibid, 915, sv σάρξ 3.a.; translation and notes at 1 Co 15:50, Php 2:7, and Rm 8:3; FBT Chart F, G).+5:7Lit been heard. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 9:31; UBSHS [Heb], 99).+5:7Cf NIV, NRSV, TEV; NEB in UBSHS (Heb), 99.+5:8Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+5:11Lit Concerning which the word to us is much. ME. Cf NET, ISV, NLT, TEV.+5:11Lit since you have become lazy in the hearing. ME(I/F) (see BSL, Heb 5:11, νωθρός L-N, 32.47; UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός).+5:12Lit again you have need for someone to teach you the elements/rudiments of the beginning of the oracles of God. ME (see ANLEX, 357, sv στοιχεῖον 2.a.; BDAG, 946, sv στοιχεῖον 1.c.; L-N, 58.19, 58.20). Cf HCSB, ISV, NIV.+5:12Lit you have become having need of milk, not solid food. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+5:13Lit Everyone partaking of milk. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 105).+5:13Or word, or message.+6:1The NET captures the intended meaning well here, in my opinion, and has therefore been followed in translation.+6:1Or from useless acts. Lit from dead works/acts. ME (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf CEV, CJB, NCV, NIV, TNT.+6:4Lit tasted. ME (see BDAG, 195, sv γεύομαι; L-N, 90.78).+6:6Or act unfaithfully, or commit apostasy. Lit fall away. ME(OTB) (see DBL Hebrew, #5085; LALS, sv παραπίπτω; TWOT, 519, sv māʿal). Cf, eg, the LXX at Ezk 14:13, 15:8, 18:24, and 20:27.+6:6Or since they are crucifying to their own harm, or since they are crucifying in their own persons. Lit crucifying in/by/to themselves. Cf JB in UBSHS (Heb), 116. I disagree with the UBSHS’s statement that “it seems to go without saying that such a personal act would be ‘willful’” (see UBSHS [Heb], 116). The distinction between “high-handed” sins and unintentional sins is a critical issue within atonement theology (see, eg, Nu 15:27-31).+6:6Cf Ac 5:5; Re 2:21-23.+6:9Lit the better things and having salvation. ME (see BDAG, 422, sv ἔχω 11.a.; UBSHS [Heb], 120). Cf Mfft. The article here seems to be pointing us back to verse 7 (cf Alford in ESS [Heb], 196).+6:10Lit the holy ones/saints.+6:11Lit toward/with a view to the full conviction/certainty of hope. ME (see L-N, 31.45; translation and notes at Col 2:2 and at Heb 3:6 and 3:14).+6:11The meaning here is similar to Heb 3:6 and 3:14.+6:12Lit lazy. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 103; TLNT, 2:552, sv νωθρός). Maintaining consistency in translation with 5:11.+6:12Lit become imitators. ME. Cf NCV.+6:13Lit since he had by no one greater to swear an oath. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:13Gn 22:16. Lit swore an oath by himself. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 125). Cf NLT, TEV; NET and TEV at Gn 22:16.+6:14Gn 22:17. Lit blessing I will bless you and multiplying I will multiply you. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Heb 6:14). Cf NET, NLT.+6:15Lit he.+6:16Lit Men swear by the greater, and for them the oath is for confirmation an end of all argument. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 125-7; UBSHS [Jm], 187).+6:17Lit wanting more abundantly to demonstrate the unchangeableness of his plan. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 128). Cf NLT, TEV.+6:17Lit mediated by an oath. ME/IT (see L-N, 31.21; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:18Lit by two unchangeable matters/things in which it is impossible for God to lie. ME/IT (see BDAG, 859, sv πρᾶγμα 1; UBSHS [Heb], 128).+6:19Lit which. Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+6:19Lit and entering into the inner of the curtain. ME(OTB/IT) (see BDAG, 294, sv εἰσέρχομαι 3; Ibid, 398, sv ἐσώτερος). Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+6:20Ps 110:4+7:1Lit For this Melchizedek. EFE/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136). In Greek, γὰρ ( gar) is marked for continuity and strengthening/support (see Runge, Disc Grammar, 51-54).+7:2These phrases come from Gn 14:17-20.+7:2Lit first, being translated “king of righteousness.” ME(OTB)/IT (see ANLEX, 257, sv Μελχισέδεκ).+7:2Lit and then also “king of peace.” ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 136).+7:3Lit without father. ME (see ANLEX, 62, sv ἀπάτωρ).+7:3Lit without mother. ME (see ANLEX, 46, sv ἀμήτωρ).+7:3Lit without genealogy. ME (see ANLEX, 31, sv ἀγενεαλόγητος).+7:3Or resembling, or being like. Drawing from ANLEX in translation here (see ANLEX, 84, sv ἀφομοιόω).+7:3Lit he continues as priest.+7:5Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 10.30). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, TEV.+7:5Lit have a command. ME (see BDAG, 340, sv ἐντολή 2.α.ג.).+7:5Lit that is, their brothers. ME (see BSL, Heb 7:5, sv ἀδελφός; L-N, 11.25). Cf NET, NLT, TEV.+7:5Lit although they come from the loins of Abraham. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.60). Cf ISV, NET, NLT, TEV.+7:6Lit the one.+7:6Lit from them. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+7:7Lit Now it is beyond all argument that the inferior is blessed by the superior. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 141). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:8Lit in the other. ME.+7:9Lit And as to speak a word. ME (see L-N, 33.139; UBSHS [Heb], 142). Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NCV, NIV, NRSV, RSV.+7:9Lit Levi. Here, Levi is being used metonymically for his descendants. Cf NLT.+7:11Lit perfection, or completion, or fulfillment of purpose. Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:11Lit on the basis of it. The antecedent has been restated in translation for the sake of clarity.+7:11Lit to arise. ME (see BDAG, 83, sv ἀνίστημι, 9).+7:12Or when.+7:13Lit Concerning whom.+7:15Lit if. Cf NCV. The meaning here is that clarity comes from the consideration of a premise.+7:15Lit according to the likeness of Melchizedek. ME (see BDAG, 707, sv ὁμοιότης).+7:17Ps 110:4+7:18Maintaining consistency in translation with v 16.+7:18Cf CJB; NRSV.+7:19Cf Heb 2:10-11, 5:9, 7:19, 7:25, and 9:11-14. Cf also Php 3:12. See note at Heb 2:10.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:20Lit And inasmuch as it was not without oath-taking. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Heb 6:13-17; BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος). The use of ἔγγυος ( enguos) in v 22 (where the correlative picks up) makes the intended meaning clear here.+7:20Lit they. Cf NLT.+7:20IT. Cf NCV, TEV; UBSHS (Heb), 153.+7:21Lit he. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+7:21Lit through the one who said to him. ME. Cf NIV, TEV.+7:21Following the MT in translation. Cf NLT.+7:21Lit will not change his mind. ME. Cf NLT, TEV; TNT and REB in ESS (Heb), 251.+7:21Ps 110:4+7:22Lit Jesus has become the guarantor of a better/superior/more effective covenant. ME(H) (see BSL, Heb 7:22, sv ἔγγυος; UBSHS [Heb], 154).+7:23Lit And they are become many priests because of the to be prevented to continue by death. ME (see BDAG, 769, sv παραμένω 2; Bloomfield et al in ESS [Heb], 253; UBSHS [Heb], 156).+7:24Lit he.+7:24Lit has the priesthood. ME. Cf NCV.+7:25Or save for all time.+7:26Cf HCSB, NCV, TEV.+7:26Lit and having become higher than the heavens. ME (see BDAG, 1044, sv ὑψηλός 1).+7:27Lit This one.+7:27Lit did [this].+7:28Lit who have weakness. ME (see BDAG, 142, sv ἀσθένεια 2.b.; ESS [Heb], 261; UBSHS [Heb], 161). The context indicates that both moral weakness (see v 27) and mortality (see vv 23-24) are included within the scope of “weakness” here.+7:28Lit The word of the oath.+8:1Lit the majesty. ME (see L-N, 12.5).+8:2Lit true. Cf CJB at Heb 8:5. The context indicates that “true” here is meant to be understood not in the sense of “real” (the tabernacle under Moses was, obviously, an actual thing), but in the sense of “original” and “antitype” (ie, the opposite of “sketch” [or “copy”; cf, eg, HCSB, ISV] and “shadow” in v 5). While I agree with the NET Bible Notes at Heb 8:5 (namely, that there is “temporal progression between the earthly and heavenly sanctuaries,” and that it is better to interpret these verses within a Biblical/Hebraic, rather than a Hellenistic, framework), it is clear from the context that the earthly tabernacle and temple were patterned after an already existing sanctuary (cf v 5), originally set up when the heavens were created (cf the relative clause in this verse), in which Jesus presently serves as priest (cf v 1). There is no need to pit the two against each other here. The earthly tabernacle was “sketched” based on the original, and as such, it is also an “example” and foreshadow of the future reality that will be experienced on the earth (see Re 21:1-4).+8:2Lit by man. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+8:3Lit this one.+8:4Lit if he were on earth. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+8:4Lit being those presenting. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+8:5Or imitation, or copy, or example, or model, or pattern. Cf LEB, NET.+8:5Or warning.+8:5Lit just as Moses was divinely warned/instructed. Following the interpretation of Bloomfield et al in translation here (see ESS [Heb], 273).+8:5Ex 25:40+8:7Lit a place would not have been sought for. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 169). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, TEV.+8:8Lit with them. Cf Jr 31:32; the rest of this verse. I have used “his” in translation (see HCSB, ISV, NCV, TEV), instead of “the” (cf NIV, NLT), to avoid the impression that leaders were excluded from those with whom God found fault.+8:8Lit he.+8:8Lit days. ME (see BDAG, 438, sv ἡμέρα 4.b.). Cf NCV, NIV.+8:8Lit with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah. ME(I/F/H/OTB)/IT (see BDAG, 481, sv Ἰσραήλ 1; L-N, 11.58).+8:9Or forefathers. Lit fathers.+8:9Lit in the day. ME. Cf ISV.+8:9Cf CJB. This is very appropriate in a covenantal context.+8:9Lit did not continue in. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 172).+8:10As the UBSHS points out, here it is “the nature of the covenant and not the fact of the covenant which is in focus” (see UBSHS [Heb], 172).+8:10Or people. Lit house. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 11.58).+8:10Lit after those days. ME. Cf NCV, NIV.+8:10Or laws, or Torah.+8:11Or fellow-Jews. Lit brother. ME (see L-N, 11.25, 11.57; UBSHS [Heb], 174).+8:11Lit And they will certainly not teach each one his neighbor and each his brother, saying. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NLT, TEV.+8:11Or from the youngest of them to the oldest.+8:12Jr 31:31-34+8:13Lit In/by the to say, “new.” ME. Cf, eg, CJB, ISV, NET, NIV.+8:13Lit he.+8:13Lit is near of disappearing. Cf CJB. The author here is making logical conclusions from the passage he just quoted—from the perspective of the time when the word was first spoken.+9:2Lit For a tent was prepared/furnished/set up, the first, in which were. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 178). Here and in v 3, “tent/tabernacle” is being used to refer to the different sections of the tabernacle. In 8:2, however, it is used to describe the tabernacle as a whole. Therefore, “sections” and “section” have been used in translation here. Cf ESV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:2Lit which.+9:3Lit Behind the second curtain was a tent/tabernacle. ME(OTB)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 178).+9:4Lit in which, or inside which.+9:5Lit concerning which it is not now to speak according to part. ME (see L-N, 63.16; UBSHS [Heb], 182). Cf CJB, NET, NJB, TEV.+9:6Lit the first tabernacle/tent. See note at “located” in v 2 above.+9:6Or as they. The participle is interpreted as an adverbial participle of purpose (though a temporal interpretation also makes good sense here; cf, eg, LEB, NET, NLT). This is reflected in the translation. Cf ISV, NIV, NRSV.+9:7Lit But into the second [tent]. See note at “located” in v 2 above.+9:7Lit not without. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 184). Cf TEV; REB in ESS (Heb), 302.+9:7Lit not without blood, which he offers. ME(OTB)/IT (see Lv 16). Cf also UBSHS (Heb), 184.+9:7Lit for himself. ME (see BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.; NLT).+9:8Or into the holy of holies, or into the original sanctuary. Lit into the way of the holies. τῶν ἁγίων ( tōn hagiōn) here is referring to the heavenly/original sanctuary of 8:2 (cf 9:3, 11), of which the Holy of Holies was representative (cf 9:3).+9:8Or as long as the first section remained in use. Lit the first tabernacle yet having continuance/standing. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 185; note at “located” in v 2). Cf CEV, HCSB, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+9:9Or The first section of the tabernacle. Lit which. Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+9:9Or The first tabernacle was a parable for the time then present, or The first section of the tabernacle is symbolic of the present age.+9:10Lit regulations/requirements of flesh. ME (see BDAG, 915, sv σάρξ 2.a.; FBT Chart, C, D). Cf ESV, NASB, NRSV, RSV.+9:10Lit until the appointed time of the establishing an improved/reformed order. ME (see ANLEX, 212, sv καιρός 2; BSL, Heb 9:10, sv διόρθωσις; BDAG, 251, sv διόρθωμα and διόρθωσις; LN, 62.5, 62.6). Cf Heb 8:6.+9:11Lit not of this creation. ME (see BDAG, 573, sv κτίσις 2.b.). Since the heavens themselves technically are a part of “creation” (cf Heb 8:2), a partitive interpretation of the genitive (see, eg, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV) is unlikely here. Cf Ex 26.+9:12Cf Jb 33:24; Heb 5:9. αἰώνιος ( aiōnios) (typically rendered “eternal”) is built on its cognate αἰών ( aiōn), “age” (see, eg, NASB-Dic, #166). Cf, eg, Ga 1:5.+9:13Cf Nu 19.+9:14Or from useless acts. Lit from dead works/acts. ME (see BDAG, 390, ἔργον 1.c.β.). Cf CEV, CJB, NIV, TNT.+9:15Lit a death having taken place for redemption of the transgressions. ME(OTB) (see translation and notes at Lk 1:68 and Jn 9:41; BSL, Heb 9:12, sv λύτρωσις; L-N, 88.310). Cf, eg, the NET at Lv 5:6-7.+9:15Or called, or invited.+9:15Cf, eg, Gn 13:15.+9:16Or In the case of a will, it is necessary for the death of the one who made it to be established. There are a number of serious challenges involved in interpreting, and therefore translating, the author’s use of διαθήκη ( diathēkē) and διατίθημι ( diathithēmi) in Heb 9:16-17, which are aptly summarized and evaluated by Allen (see NAC [Heb], 477-81). Following the interpretation of Lane, Kilpatrick, et al (see ESS [Heb], 324-6; NAC [Heb], 477-81) in translation here, although not too dogmaticially. Though both interpretations have problems, I find the “will” interpretation less convincing.+9:17Lit dead ones/things. Following the interpretation of F. Gardiner in translation here (see NAC [Heb], 479).+9:17Lit is firm. ME (see BDAG, 172, sv βέβαιος 1; L-N, 28.43) In the ancient world, covenants were put into effect not by a sacrifice, but by the swearing of an oath. The accompanying sacrifices were a ritual enactment depicting the solemn consequences of violating the covenant. See, eg, LBD, sv covenant.+9:17Or Indeed, a will: It is only at death that it is in force, since it never takes effect while the one who made it is still alive. See note at “presented” in v 16.+9:19Lit he.+9:19Lit taking the blood of young bulls with water and scarlet wool and hyssop. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 201). Cf NLT, TEV.+9:19Or book. Cf CJB.+9:19Cf Ex 24:6-8.+9:20Lit saying.+9:20Ex 24:8+9:22Cf, eg, Lv 5:11.+9:22Lit And nearly everything is cleansed with blood according to the Law. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 202).+9:22Lit and without the shedding of blood. ME/IT (see ANLEX, 37, sv αἱματεκχυσία; BSL, Heb 9:22, sv αἱματεκχυσία; UBSHS [Heb], 203).+9:22Cf Lv 17:11+9:24Lit before the face of God. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 85.26). Cf most English translations.+9:25Lit Nor so that. ME. Cf REB in ESS (Heb), 337.+9:26Lit he.+9:27Lit and after this, judgment. Cf NET, NIV.+9:28Is 53:12+9:28Lit without connection to sin. ME (see BDAG, sv 1095, sv χωρίς 2.b.δ.).+10:2Lit Otherwise would they not have ceased being offered, because of the worshipers to have any longer no conscience/consciousness of sins…? ME/IT (see NAC [Heb], 494; UBSHS [Heb], 214). Cf CJB, NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+10:2Lit having been cleansed. ME (see translation and notes at 2 Pt 2:9). A perfect participle is used here, signaling ongoing effects at the time of the speaker. I have tried to bring this out in translation.+10:2Drawing from BDAG (see BDAG, 97, sv ἅπαξ 2) and BSL in translation (see BSL, Heb 10:2, sv ἅπαξ). The point of contrast is with “regularly year after year” in v 1. Cf Heb 10:26.+10:3Lit in them.+10:5Lit he.+10:7Lit in a little head/roll of a scroll/book. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 128). Cf NIV.+10:7Ps 40:6-8 (LXX)+10:8Lit says above. Cf ISV.+10:8Lit which are offered according to the Law. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 219). Cf Brc, GeCL, NIV, NJB, NLT, REB, TEV.+10:11Lit every priest. Cf NCV.+10:12Lit this one.+10:12Lit for the sake of sins. ME (see BDAG, 1030, sv ὑπέρ 1.b.).+10:12Ps 110:1+10:13Or the rest patiently awaiting until. Cf Robertson, WPNT, Heb 10:13. Cf also Ps 110:3, 5-7.+10:13Ps 110:1+10:14The point of the perfect tense here is to convey the ongoing work of the Messiah based on a previous act in the past (the cross). Cf, eg, Jn 17:17-19; Php 1:10; Col 1:22; 1 Th 3:13, 1 Th 5:23; Jud 24.+10:14Lit those who are being sanctified. ME/IT (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]).+10:16Or laws, or Torah.+10:16Jr 31:33+10:17Jr 31:34+10:18Lit an offering for/concerning sin. ME/IT (see BDAG, 1030, sv περί 1.g.).+10:19Lit have confidence/fearlessness for the entering. ME/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 228). Cf, eg, Rm 5:2, Eph 2:18, 3:12; Heb 4:16.+10:20The antecedent here is εἴσοδος ( eisodos) from v 19, which here means “coming in, access, entrance” ( ANLEX, 133, sv). The right/privilege of access is primarily in view here (see UBSHS [Heb], 228).+10:20Or living. Cf BDAG, 426, sv ζάω 5; NLT.+10:20Cf Ga 3:21.+10:22Lit sprinkled [with respect to] the hearts.+10:22Lit a conscience of evil. ME (see BDAG, sv 851, sv πονηρός 1.a.β.).+10:22Lit washed [with respect to] the body.+10:23Or trustworthy, or reliable.+10:25Lit and by so much more to the degree that you see the Day drawing near. The idea being conveyed by the correlative of degree here is that the closer we come to the Day, the more we need to strengthen and encourage one another.+10:26Lit there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins. ME (see ANLEX, sv ἀπολείπω 3; BDAG, 115, sv ἀπολείπω 2; Ibid, 1030, sv περί 1.g.; UBSHS [Heb], 234).+10:28Dt 17:6+10:28Lit that he dies. Cf CJB, NET, NLT, TEV.+10:29Lit regarded as common. ME (see ANLEX, 233, sv κοινός; L-N, 65.15).+10:29Lit the Spirit of grace. ME (see translation and notes at Heb 4:15). Heb 4:15, as well as v 26 above, make it clear that “grace” here is referring to the help and strength that was freely available to people so that they could resist temptation and sin. Cf also Rm 8:26-27; 2 Co 6:1-2; 1 Th 4:1-8.+10:30Dt 32:35+10:30Dt 32:36+10:32Lit you endured much struggle/contest of sufferings. ME (see BDAG, 1039, sv ὑπομένω 1; UBSHS [Heb], 241).+10:33Lit at other times having become partners/sharers of those thus being treated. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 242).+10:34Lit had/possessed a possession. Cf NCV, NRSV, TEV.+10:36Heb 10:7, Ps 40:8 (LXX). Cf, eg, 2 Co 4:7-10; Php 3:10; Heb 2:10. The meaning here is that we share in Christ’s suffering by following the Messiah’s example and yielding our own bodies to God as living sacrifices through the Spirit’s power.+10:36The idea of “reward” or “recompense” is activated by κομίζω ( komizō) in the middle voice (see ANLEX, 234, sv). This is fully in keeping with OT covenantal theology (see, eg, NET Bible Notes, Ps 106:31). Cf v 35.+10:36Cf Re 2-3.+10:37Is 26:20, Hg 2:6+10:38See translation and note at Ga 3:11. The same applies here.+10:38Hab 2:3-4 (LXX)+10:39Cf Re 21:8.+10:39Lit We are not of shrinking back resulting in destruction/ruin, but of faith resulting in preserving/keeping of the life/soul. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 247). Cf ISV.+11:2Lit because of/by this. “Faith” is the antecedent. Cf NCV, TEV.+11:3Lit what is seen. ME. Cf NCV, NLT.+11:4Lit by which [faith].+11:4Lit he. Cf NLT, TEV.+11:5Gn 5:24 (LXX)+11:5Gn 5:22 (LXX)+11:6Lit that he is. ME(OTB) (see NET Bible Notes, Ps 10:4; UBSHS [Ps], 99).+11:7Lit about the things not yet being seen. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 257).+11:7Lit by which [faith].+11:8Or called.+11:9Cf CJB; UBSHS (Heb), 259.+11:10An allusion to Is 54:11-14. Cf Re 21:14, 19.+11:11Lit was barren. ME (see L-N, 23.56). Cf NCV, TEV.+11:11Lit even beyond the time of age. ME (see BDAG, 436, sv ἡλικία 2.a.).+11:11Lit the ability to establish seed. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 23.49; UBSHS [Heb], 261). Cf NIV, TEV.+11:11Or By faith even Sarah herself, even though she could not have children, received the ability, past the normal age though she was, to conceive, because she regarded the one who had made the promise as faithful.+11:12Lit That is why also/indeed from one many were begotten, and these things from one dead. ME (see BDAG, 668, sv νεκρόω; UBSHS [Heb], 262). Cf ESV, ISV, NCV, NIV, RSV, TEV.+11:13Gn 23:4, 1 Ch 29:15. Cf Ps 39:12, 119:19.+11:13Or on the earth.+11:14Cf the translation at Mt 6:33.+11:15Or And.+11:15Lit they would have had good occasion to return. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 265).+11:16Cf Re 19-22.+11:18Gn 21:12+11:19Or to raise people.+11:19Lit he.+11:20Cf Heb 11:1.+11:21Gn 47:31 (LXX)+11:22Lit the exodus of the sons. Making the information compressed in the genitive explicit in translation here. The point here is that the exodus will still future, and therefore unseen, at the time Joseph spoke. Cf Heb 11:1.+11:22Lit sons. ME (see L-N, 11.58).+11:22Cf Heb 11:1.+11:23Lit saw that he was beautiful. ME/IT (see translation and notes at Ac 7:20; UBSHS [Heb], 270). Cf NIV, NLT.+11:24Lit denied to be called. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 271).+11:26Lit greater riches/wealth. ME. Cf ISV, NIV, NJB, TEV.+11:26Cf CJB, NET, TEV.+11:27Lit because he persisted as seeing the unseen one. ME (see BDAG, 510, sv καρτερέω). Cf NLT.+11:28Lit so that the one destroying the firstborn might not touch them. ME/IT (see ANLEX, 198, sv θιγγάνω; BDAG, 703, sv ὀλοθρεύω; UBSHS [Heb], 275). Cf CJB, ISV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:29Lit they.+11:29Or of the same ground. Lit of which. Restating the antecedent (see ESS [Heb], 467) in translation for the sake of clarity.+11:30Lit having been encircled/marched around for seven days. ME. Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:32Lit For the time will fail me telling about. ME (see L-N, 13.41; UBSHS [Heb], 278). Cf CJB, NCV, NLT, NIV, TEV.+11:35Lit Women received by resurrection their dead. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 280). Cf NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+11:35Lit not accepting the release. ME(H)/IT (see BDAG, 117, sv ἀπολύτρωσις 1). Cf NLT.+11:36Lit Others received a trial/testing of mocking and flogging.+11:38Lit of whom the world was not worthy. ME (see Alford et al in ESS [Heb], 478; UBSHS [Heb], 282). Placing this information here to avoid giving the information in 38b the effect of an anti-climax (a concern raised in the UBSHS). Cf CJB.+11:40Or had provided, or had planned, or had foreseen. According to BSL, προβλέπω ( problepō) in this context means “to provide or take measures in preparation for” (see BSL, Heb 11:40, sv).+11:40Or be made perfect.+12:1Or host. Lit cloud. ME (see BDAG, 670, sv νέφος; sv L-N, 11.3; UBSHS [Heb], 287). Cf NLT, TEV.+12:2Or founds, or is the source of.+12:2Or on whom our faith depends from beginning to end. Cf TEV.+12:2ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Heb], 291). Cf SpCL.+12:4Lit to the point of blood. ME (see L-N, 23.107; UBSHS [Heb], 292).+12:5Or encouraging. For the range of meaning possible with παράκλησις ( paraklēsis), see translation and note at 2 Co 1:4.+12:5Lit as sons.+12:5Lit my son. Cf NCV, NLT.+12:6Or he whips, or he scourges. Cf Montefiore in ESS (Heb), 497; NEB in UBSHS (Heb), 295.+12:6Lit son.+12:6Pr 3:11-12+12:7Lit as with sons.+12:7Lit son.+12:7Lit What son is there whom a father does not discipline? ME. Cf CJB, NIV.+12:8Lit If you are without discipline. ME. Cf CJB, NET, NIV.+12:8Lit of which all have become partakers/sharers. ME. Cf NET.+12:9Lit the fathers of our flesh. ME (see FBT Chart, M, N; UBSHS [Heb], 296).+12:9Lit We had the fathers of our flesh as discipliners/instructors. ME. Cf ESV, ISV, NCV, NIV, NLT. Cf also this translation of παιδεία with the translation of its cognate παιδεύω at Tit 2:12.+12:10Lit they.+12:10Lit for a few days. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, ISV, NRSV, RSV, TEV.+12:10Or at their discretion, or as they were disposed. Lit according to the thing seeming to them. ME ( L-N, 25.7; BDAG, 255, sv δοκέω 2.b.α.).+12:10Lit he.+12:10Lit share his holiness. ME(OTB) (see Timothy Miller, “Paul’s Priestly Mission and Salvation from the Coming Wrath: A Missiological Probe of Romans 15:16 and the Question of Divine Anger through the Worldview of Leviticus” [PhD diss., Columbia International University, 2024]). Cf NCV.+12:11Lit at the [time] being present. ME. Cf NLT.+12:12Is 35:3+12:13Pr 4:26. Lit make for your feet straight paths. ME (see NET Bible Notes, Heb 12:13; UBSHS [Heb], 302). Cf TEV.+12:13Lit lest the lame be wrenched/dislocated. ME (see BDAG, 1093, sv χωλός; UBSHS [Heb], 301). Cf ISV.+12:15Lit the grace of God. ME (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14 and Heb 4:16; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). People “fall short” of obtaining God’s gracious help by failing to approach the throne of grace in their time of need and temptation (see Heb 4:16).+12:15Dt 29:18+12:15Lit lest some root of bitterness springing up may cause trouble, and by it many be defiled. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 304).+12:16Or worthless, or profane, or godless.+12:16Lit his birthright. ME (see L-N, 10.44). Cf NIV, NLT.+12:17Or For it was impossible for him to change his father’s mind. Lit For he did not find a place for repentance. ME (see BDAG, 412, sv εὑρίσκω 3; Ibid, 1012, sv τόπος 4; UBSHS [Heb], 305).+12:17Lit sought it. Restating the antecedent in translation for the sake of clarity.+12:18Cf Ex 19:12-25, 20:18; Dt 4:11, 5:22.+12:19Lit and the sound/voice of words, which those having heard begged a word not to be added to them. ME. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV. The gap in languages here is obvious.+12:20Ex 19:12, 13+12:21Lit That which appeared. ME. Cf NET.+12:21Dt 9:19. Lit I am terrified and trembling. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 310).+12:22Lit myriads. ME (see L-N, 60.8; UBSHS [Jud], 42). Cf NLT.+12:23Lit of firstborn ones.+12:23Or made perfect.+12:25Lit that you don’t decline, or that you don’t refuse. ME/IT (see L-N, 36.27; UBSHS [Heb], 314).+12:25Lit when they declined, or when they refused. ME/IT (see L-N, 36.27; UBSHS [Heb], 314).+12:25Cf Jn 16:12-15.+12:26Lit whose.+12:26Hg 2:6+12:27Lit clearly shows the moving from place of the things that can be shaken. ME (see BSL, Heb 12:27, sv μετάθεσις). God/God’s voice is the implied actor here (see v 26). Cf NCV, TEV.+12:28Or are about to receive, or are going to receive. The participle is functioning futuristically in this context. The “kingdom” here is referring to the promised inheritance mentioned throughout Hebrews. Cf 1 Co 6:9-10, 15:50; Ga 5:21; Eph 5:5.+12:28Or must have grace.+12:29Dt 4:24, 9:3+13:2Lit by this. Cf HCSB, NIV, NRSV.+13:2Cf Gn 18:2–15, 19:1–14, Jg 6:11–18, 13:3–22. Cf also Tob 12:1–20 for a non-canonical example.+13:3Or since you yourselves, too, are mortal. Lit as if you yourselves, too, were in the body, or since you yourselves are in the body. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 321). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT.+13:4Or condemn, or judge.+13:4Cf 1 Th 4:3-8.+13:5Lit he.+13:5Dt 31:6, 8+13:6Ps 118:6+13:7Or spoke. Cf NCV, NLT.+13:7Lit imitate their faith. ME. Cf NLT.+13:9Lit by teachings various and strange. ME (see ANLEX, 320, sv ποικίλος; BSL, Heb 13:9, ξένος; UBSHS [Heb], 326).+13:9Lit by grace. ME(OTB) (see translation and notes at Jn 1:14 and Heb 4:16; BDAG, 1079, sv χάρις 2; LALS, sv χάρις; L-N, 88.66; UBSHS [1 Pt], 164). Cf, eg, Mt 26:41; 2 Co 12:9.+13:9Cf Mt 15.+13:9Lit by which those who walked were not helped/benefited. ME (see BDAG, 803, sv περιπατέω 2; UBSHS [Heb], 327). Cf HCSB, ISV, NET, NLT, NRSV, RSV.+13:10Lit those. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+13:10Cf Lv 4:1-21, 6:30.+13:11Cf Lv 4:11–12, 20–21, 16:27; Ex 29:14+13:13Lit patiently bearing the insult of him. ME (see UBSHS [Heb], 330). Cf CJB, TEV.+13:15Lit Through him. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT, TEV.+13:15Or by lips that praise his name. Cf Ps 50:14-15; Pr 18:20; Is 57:19; Ho 14:2.+13:17Lit your souls. ψυχή ( psuchē—“soul”) is often used to refer to the person as a whole, not just the inward self (see, eg, L-N, 9.20, 23.88). Cf CJB, NIV.+13:17Lit do this. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+13:17Lit not sighing/groaning.+13:17Lit this (referring to doing their work “not groaning/sighing”).+13:18Lit because we are convinced.+13:18Cf Ac 23:1-2.+13:19Lit this to do (referring to “pray for us”).+13:19Lit that I may be restored. ME (see ANLEX, 67, sv ἀποκαθιστάνω 3; DBL Greek, #635.2.). Cf NCV, TEV.+13:20One important question in relation to this verse is whether ἐν αἵματι διαθήκης αἰωνίου ( en haimati diathēkēs aiōniou) is to be read in connection with “brought up from the dead” or “the great shepherd of the sheep” (see ESS [Heb], 584). Most English translations interpret ἐν instrumentally, and read it as being connected with “brought up from the dead.” However, as the UBSHS points out (see UBSHS [Heb], 335), to see Jesus’ blood as the means of resurrection is awkward, and, quite frankly, doesn’t make much sense. The second option makes more sense, but in order to be clear in translation, necessitates the identification of the verbal information compressed in the genitive. In other words, how does Jesus’ “blood” relate to his “shepherding of the sheep”? The book of Hebrews itself suggests the following possibilities: “redeem” or “deliver” (see Heb 9:12); “make holy/set apart for service to God” (see Heb 9:13, 13:12); “cleanse/purify” (see Heb 9:14); “forgive” (see Heb 9:22). Since all of these concepts are included in the broader category of “salvation/deliverance” (cf, eg, Heb 2:3, 2:10, 5:9, 5:27), “save” has been used in translation here. Cf also Ps 28:9 and 49:14-15.+13:20Cf 2 Sm 23:5; Is 55:3, 61:8; Jr 32:40, 50:5; Ezk 16:60, 37:26. αἰώνιος ( aiōnios) (typically rendered “eternal”) is built on its cognate αἰών ( aiōn), “age” (see, eg, NASB-Dic, #166). Cf, eg, Ga 1:5.+13:21Heb 10:7, Ps 40:8 (LXX). Cf 2 Co 4:7-10; Php 3:10; Heb 2:10.+13:22Or to listen patiently to, or to bear with. Cf NJB.+13:22Lit this word/message of exhortation/strength/help/encouragement. ME. Cf NCV. For the range of meaning possible with παράκλησις ( paraklēsis), see translation and note at 2 Co 1:4.+13:22Cf Heb 5:11.+13:23Lit I will see you. ME (see BDAG, 719, sv ὁράω 2; BSL, Heb 13:23, sv ὁράω; L-N, 34.50).+13:24Lit the holy ones/saints.