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“Our Visit to You Was Not, Brothers and Sisters, without Result”
In regard to these things, you yourselves know that our visit to you was not, brothers and sisters, without result. No, just the opposite: Despite the fact that we had previously suffered and been treated shamefully, as you are aware, in Philippi, we still boldly dared with the help of our God+ to declare the gospel of God to you in the face of fierce opposition. The appeal we make,+ you see, doesn’t spring from deluded ideas or filthy motives or an intent to deceive. On the contrary, just as we have been examined and approved by God to be entrusted with the gospel, so we declare it, aiming to please not mere men, but God, who examines our thoughts and motives.+ Indeed, at no time did we resort to flattering talk, as you know, or to some greedy scheme to get your money—God himself is our witness— nor was it mere men from whom we were seeking praise+—not from you or anyone else. Although we could have insisted, since we are apostles of the Messiah, on our own importance,+ we instead humbled+ ourselves while we were with you. Like a nursing mother tenderly caring for her own children, such great affection having for you, we gladly chose to share with you not only the gospel of God, but our own lives, too, because you had become so dear to us. For surely you remember, brothers and sisters, how hard we worked and toiled!+ Working night and day and day and night, so that we would not impose a financial strain on any of you—that’s how we proclaimed the gospel of God to you. 10 You are witnesses, and so is God, of how devout and righteous and blameless our conduct was toward you who believe. 11 As you know, we treated each one of you as a father would his own children,+, continually exhorting you and encouraging you and solemnly warning+ you 12 to live your lives in a manner befitting God, who summons+ you to his own Kingdom and glory.+
“You Welcomed It Not as a Message from Mere Men”
13 And here is another reason why we thank God constantly: When you received God’s message, which you heard from us,+ you welcomed it not as a message from mere men, but for what it truly is—a message from God,+ who+ is continually at work bringing about what he himself wants+ inside+ you who believe.+ 14 You, after all, found yourselves in the same predicament,+ brothers and sisters, as God’s assemblies in Judea which are united+ with Messiah Jesus, yourselves suffering at the hand of your own countrymen the very same kinds of things that they, too, did at the hand of their Jewish leaders and persecutors+ 15 who killed the Lord himself, Jesus, as well as the prophets! Us they chased out, God they are constantly provoking to anger,+ and the whole human race they oppose, 16 because they keep trying to stop us from proclaiming the message of salvation+ to the Gentiles.+ As a result, their sins are always piling up to the point when God no longer restrains his judgment.+ And his wrath will surely come against them in full strength.+
“We Are Destined to Suffer Trials and Persecution”
17 As for us, brothers and sisters, after we were torn away from you (only in body, not in our thoughts;+ I trust the rupture will last only a little while+),+ we missed you terribly and were extremely anxious to come and see you again in person.+ 18 That is why we wanted to return to you. I, Paul, tried to do so time and again, and yet Satan blocked our way.+ 19 What, after all, is our hope, our joy, and the victor’s crown of honor+ we will receive in the presence of our Lord Jesus when he comes?+ It is you, isn’t it? 20 Yes, you yourselves are the glorious reward we will receive+ and the cause of our joy.
+1:1“All of” is drawn from the plural “you” here.+1:1Unless otherwise marked (through superscript—ˢyou), all second person pronouns are in the second person plural.+1:3Or before.+1:4Cf Ac 10-11, 15:14; Col 3:12. Though there were both Jewish and Gentile believers in Thessalonica (see Ac 17:4), Paul is focusing his attention here on Gentile believers (see v 9 below). Cf Eph 1.+1:5Lit in word, or in speech, or in an act of speaking. Looking to BDAG for the more specific sense of λόγος ( logos) here (see BDAG, 599, sv 1.a.α.). Cf 1 Co 2:1-5, 4:18-21; 2 Co 11:6.+1:5Translating in the same way as at 1 Co 2:5 (see translation and note there). Cf also UBSHS (1 Th), 10.+1:5Cf Ac 14:27, 15:3-4, 15:12-14; 1 Co 2:1-5, 4:18-21.+1:5“For certain” is included in translation here to make the comparison with the “knowing” of v 4 (signaled by καθὼς́ [ kathōs]; see, eg, L-N, 64.14) clear, since οἶδα ( oida) was translated as “certain” there. Paul’s point here is that God had furnished proof to them of His acceptance of the Gentiles; likewise, Paul’s life and that of his companions had furnished proof to the Gentiles of the reliability of the message/ministers that God had sent to them.+1:5Lit for the benefit/sake of you. The preposition here is functioning as a marker of benefaction (see, eg, L-N, 90.38). Cf HCSB, ISV, NCV, NET, TEV. Cf also Php 2:4; translation and notes at 2 Co 5:13.+1:8Lit your faith in God. ME. In English, we don’t usually speak of someone’s “faith” going out. The meaning here is that the news about their faith and example has spread (see ESS [1 and 2 Th], 27; UBSHS [1 Th], 13). Cf TEV.+1:8Lit so that we do not have need to speak anything. Cf ESS (1 and 2 Th), 28; UBSHS (1 Th), 14.+1:9Cf Is 44:6-23; Jr 10:1-16; Ac 14:15; Rm 6:1-23.+1:10IT. Cf ISV, NCV.+1:10Cf Rm 4:25; 1 Co 6:9-11; Ga 1:4; Eph 5:1-20; Col 3:1-11; 1 Th 1:10, 4:3-8; 2 Pt 3:14-15; 1 Jn 2:1-2; Re 19:7-9, 21:7-8.+2:2Lit in/by our God. ME. Cf NCV, NIV, NLT; translation and notes at Act 14:3; BDAG, 329, sv ἐν 6.+2:3Cf 2 Co 5:20.+2:4Lit our hearts. ME(H/OTB) (see note at Mk 3:5; UBSHS [1 Th], 26). Cf ISV, TEV. Cf Gn 22:1; Dt 8:2; 1 Sm 16:7; 1 Ch 28:9; 2 Ch 6:30; Jb 23:10; Ps 7:9, 11:5, 17:3, 26:2, 33:13-15, 44:21, 139:23; Pr 17:3; Jr 11:20,17:10, 20:12, 32:19; Ezk 11:5; Rm 8:27; Jm 1:12; Re 2:23.+2:6Or glory, or honor.+2:7Or Although we could have made demands. Lit to be in weight. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 167, sv βάρος 2; L-N, 65.56).+2:7Lit became small children/babes/infants. ME(H/I). If the idiom in the preceding clause (being “in weight”) is to be understood in terms of status and importance as BDAG and L-N contend (see previous note), then “becoming children” here means doing the opposite, namely, taking on a lowly status: “In first-century thought children were often very little esteemed” ( NAC [Mt], 273). Cf 1 Co 11:1; Ph 2:1-10; the parallelism between νήπιος ( nēpios) and ταπεινόω ( tapeinoō) at Ps 114:6 in the LXX. If the idiom in the preceding clause means “could have made demands” or “could have been strong in our use of authority,” then the point here is weakness. (Cf the textual variant: “gentle.”) For a brief discussion of the variant here, see NET Bible Notes, 1 Th 2:8.+2:9Lit our labor and toil. ME (see ANLEX, 266, sv μόχθος; Ibid, 235, sv κόπος; L-N, 42.47, 42.48; UBSHS [1 Th], 31). Cf NLT, TEV.+2:11Lit as you know how [we were] with each of you as a father with his own children. Cf ISV, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:11This gloss is not too strong here (see 1 Th 4:3-8; cf Eh 5:3-7).+2:12Or calls, or invites.+2:12Cf Mt 22:9; Ac 10:44-48, 11:18, 11:27, 15:14, 26:16-18; Eph 1:18; Col 1:12-14; Heb 3:1; 1 Pt 1:5; 2 Pt 1:3; 1 Ti 6:12; 2 Ti 2:10.+2:13Lit When you received the message of hearing from us of God. ME. Cf ISV, NIV.+2:13Cf Mt 10:40; Jn 13:20.+2:13Or which. The antecedent here can be either “God” or “word”.+2:13Or which is continually at work for its own good purpose.+2:13Or in, or within.+2:13Cf Jr 23:29; Rm 2:28-29, 8:1-27; 2 Co 3:7-18; Ga 3:1-5, 5:16-26; Eph 1:18-21, 3:14-19; Php 1:6, 2:12-13; Col 1:9-14, 3:16; 1 Th 4:3-8; Heb 4:12.+2:14Lit became imitators. ME. Here, “become imitators” doesn’t refer to making a conscious decision to follow an example, but to a shared experience (see UBSHS [1 Th], 41). Cf the second part of the verse.+2:14Cf CJB, ISV.+2:14Here, Ἰουδαῖος ( youdaios) obviously doesn’t refer to all Jews, but to those hostile to the gospel (see BDAG, 478, sv 2.c.), and especially leaders (see note at Ac 9:22). This has been made explicit in translation here (though I’ve tried not to mitigate the emotion present contextually) because of the long history of anti-Semitism in the church, which has often marshalled and distorted verses like these to foster hatred and arrogant attitudes towards the Jews (God help us! [see Rm 11:17-21]).+2:15Lit God not pleasing. The opposite of “please” in this context is to provoke to anger (see v 16; cf UBSHS [1 Th], 43). “Constantly” is drawn from the verbal aspect in this context, where regular/habitual action is meant.+2:16Lit from telling the Gentiles that/how they may be saved, or, from speaking to the Gentiles so that they may be saved. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [1 Th], 44). Cf Mfft.+2:16Cf Ac 22:21-22.+2:16Lit so as to fill up their sins always. ME(OTB). Cf TEV at Gn 15:16. The closest parallel to Paul’s statement here is Gn 15:16 (cf LXX; see also BDAG, 70, sv ἀναπληρόω 1). Cf also Lk 11:47-51; Mt 23:29-39. The meaning in Gn 15:16 is clear: God restrains his judgment over a period of time while unpunished sins continue to pile up, and at some point, according to God’s timetable, they reach a point, a limit, when he is no longer willing to hold back judgment.+2:16Or against them in the end. Cf Lv 26; Dt 27-32; Ps 83; Is 1, 9-14, 29-30, 40, 63; Jr 30-31; Ezk 38-39; Zc 12-14; Dn 12; Jl 2-3; Am 9; Zc 12-14; Mt 23:29-39, 24:9-25; Lk 11:47-51, 21:20-24; Rm 9:27.+2:17Lit in face, not heart. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 85.26; UBSHS [1 Th], 47; note at Mk 3:5).+2:17Lit after being torn away the time of an hour. ME. Following the lead of the UBSHS in translation here (see UBSHS [1 Th], 47).+2:17Cf Ac 17:1-15.+2:17Lit we were all the more/exceedingly eager to see your face in great longing. ME (see L-N, 85.26; UBSHS [1 Th], 48); Cf CJB, NEB, TEV.+2:18Cf Ac 17:5-15; Re 2:9, 3:9.+2:19Lit our victor’s crown of boasting. When used in the genitive with στέφανος ( stephanos), καύχησις means something like “honor” or “glory” (cf Pr 16:31 and Ezk 16:31 in the LXX; cf also BDAG, 537, sv καύχησις 1). Note the presence of δόξα ( doxa) in the supporting clause that follows.+2:19Cf Ps 21:3-4, 103:4; Is 28:5, 62:3; Zc 9:16-17; Php 4:1; 2 Ti 4:8; Jm 1:12; 1 Pt 5:4; Re 2:10.+2:20Lit the glory of us, or the glory [coming to] us. The language here is highly compressed. The context indicates that “glory” here means the “glorious reward” which Paul and his companions will receive when Jesus returns.