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“All of Them Were Filled with the Holy Spirit”
The time came for the Festival of Weeks.+ All of them were together in one place, when suddenly there came from heaven+ a noise that sounded like a violent, rushing wind; it filled the whole house where they were sitting. Then there appeared to them what looked like fiery tongues spreading out from one another, and one+ settled on each of them. All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in different languages+ as the Spirit enabled them.+
Now there were residing in Jerusalem devout Jews+ from every nation throughout the earth.+ Well, when this sound occurred, the crowd came together and was so astonished that people didn’t know what to think, because it was his own language that each of them heard being spoken. They were baffled and in awe, saying, “What in the world is happening?+ All these people who are speaking are from Galilee, aren’t they? How is it that we, then, each hear them speaking in our own native languages+? Among us are Parthians and Medes and Elamites and residents of Mesopotamia, people from Judea and Cappadocia, people from Pontus and the province of Asia, 10 people from Phrygia and Pamphylia, people from Egypt and from the regions of Libya near the city of Cyrene, visitors from Rome, 11 Jews by birth and converts to Judaism, people from Crete and Arabia. Yet we hear these people declaring in our own languages the mighty acts of God!” 12 Everyone was amazed and at a complete loss, asking one another, “What is all this about?”+ 13 Others, however, were making fun of them, saying, “Looks like what they’ve had is a bit too much wine to drink!”+
“God Has Made Jesus Both Lord and Messiah”
14 Then standing up together with the eleven other apostles, Peter spoke loudly and declared with clear and divinely-aided words+ to the crowd,+ “Fellow Jews and residents of Jerusalem, all of you, listen carefully to what I am about to say!+ Know this and know it well: 15 Contrary to what some of ᵖyou think,+ these people are not drunk. It is, after all, only nine in the morning!+ 16 No, this is what was spoken about through the prophet Joel:
17 “ ‘It will come to pass,’
in the latter days, God says,+
‘that I will pour out my Spirit on people of every kind;+
ᵖyour sons and your daughters will prophesy,
and the young men among you will see visions,
and the old men among you will have dreams.
18 Yes, it is on my servants,+ both men and women,
that I will pour out my Spirit at that time,+
and they will prophesy.
19 I will give warnings+ in the sky+ above,
and signs on the earth below,+
blood and fire and thick smoke.
20 The sun will be darkened,
and the moon made red as blood,
before the arrival of the great and glorious Day of the LORD.
21 And it will come to pass that
everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved.’+
22 “Men of Israel,+ listen carefully to these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man whose divine appointment was publicly confirmed by God to ᵖyou through miracles and wonders and signs,+ which God performed through him before ᵖyour very eyes,+ as you yourselves well know— 23 this man, who was handed over according to the very plan that God arranged and knew about beforehand,+ ᵖyou killed, by having him nailed to a cross at the hand of Gentiles not bound by the Torah.++ 24 Yet God raised him+ to life, freeing him from the anguish and throes+ of death,+ because it was impossible for him to be held in death’s+ power.+ 25 David, after all, says this about him:
“ ‘I see the LORD in front of me continually;
because he is with me, I will not be shaken.
26 That is why my heart rejoices and my tongue sings+ for joy;
this mortal body of mine,+ too, will dwell in hope.
27 For you will not leave me+ in Sheol,+
nor will you allow your Holy One to experience decay.
28 You have made known to me the paths of life;
you will fill me with joy in your presence.’+
29 “Brothers,+ I must speak plainly to you about our noted ancestor,+ David.+ He died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 30 Therefore, since David+ was a prophet, and since he knew that it was with a ‘solemn oath’ that God had sworn to him that he would ‘place on his throne one of his own descendants,++ 31 foreseeing as he did what was going to happen, he spoke about the resurrection of the Messiah, namely, that he would most certainly ‘not be left in Sheol,’ and that his body would never ‘experience decay.’ 32 This very man, Jesus,+ God has raised to life, a fact to which we all bear solemn witness.+ 33 Having been exalted, therefore, to the very right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promised Holy Spirit,+ he has poured out this which you are seeing and hearing. 34 It wasn’t David, you see, who ascended into the heavens; rather, David+ himself said,
“ ‘The LORD said to my Sovereign,+
“Continue sitting at my right hand,
35 until I make ˢyour enemies a footstool under your feet.” ’+
36 “Let the entire nation+ of Israel know without even the slightest doubt, therefore, that God has made Jesus+ both Lord and Messiah—the very man+ ᵖyou demanded be crucified!”
37 When the people+ heard this, they were pierced with conviction and remorse.+ “What should we do, brothers?” they asked Peter and the other apostles.
38 “Each of ᵖyou must repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus the Messiah for the forgiveness of your sins,” Peter said to them, “and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.+ 39 For it is to ᵖyou, and to your children and to all who are far away,+ that the promise belongs, as many as the Lord our God may summon+ to himself.”+ 40 It was with many other words, too, that he bore solemn witness and kept pleading with them. “Be saved from this crooked generation!”+ he urged+ them.
“All the Believers Continued Together in Close Fellowship”
41 Those who accepted his message, therefore, on the one hand, were baptized—it was about three thousand people who were added to the number of believers that day— 42 and, on the other, were constantly gathering to listen to the apostles teach and to spend time together in fellowship, to share in the fellowship meals and the Lord’s supper+ together and to participate in the prayers.+ 43 Taking hold of everyone was a deep sense of awe and fear,+ and there were taking place through the apostles many wonders and miraculous signs. 44 All the believers continued together in close fellowship and shared whatever they had with one another+ 45 and would even sell their property and their possessions, dividing the money+ among everyone according to what each person needed.+ 46 Day after day gathering together in the temple courts, and meeting regularly in various homes for the fellowship meals,+ they would share in the food with joyful and generous+ hearts,+ 47 praising God and being looked upon favorably+ by all the people. The Lord, meanwhile, was day after day adding those who were being saved to their group.
+1:3Lit to whom.+1:3Lit the things concerning. IT. Cf τὰ περὶ ἑαυτοῦ ( ta peri hautou) at Lk 24:27 (see esp the NCV and NET there), and πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα...περὶ ἐμοῦ ( panta ta gegrammena...peri emou) at Lk 24:44. Just as the article there points back to OT Scriptures in Lk 24, so the same is true here (with Luke summarizing the focus of Jesus’ teaching in the post-resurrection appearances).+1:3Cf Mt 28:16-20; Lk 24:13-49.+1:4Lit the promise of the Father. See note at Lk 24:49. The same applies here. Cf LEB.+1:4Lit which you have heard of/from me. Because of the abrupt shift in the Greek text from indirect to direct speech, the antecedent has been restated in translation, and a new sentence started. The genitive is functioning in the subjective/source range, which is reflected in the translation (cf NCV, TEV).+1:5Or in.+1:6Lit they. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+1:6Or began asking.+1:6Cf Ps 102:12-17; Is 40:1; 49:13; 51:3; 57:18; 61:2; Mic 4:8; Lk 2:25.+1:7Lit he.+1:7Cf Ps 102:12-17; Dn 9:22-27, 12:8-9; Mt 13:11; Lk 21:25-31; Re 10:4.+1:8Lit will be my witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+1:9Lit he.+1:10Or into heaven.+1:11Or into the sky. Here we have a bit of a breakdown in language, since Jesus starts his departure in the first heaven (ie, the sky) and ends up at the Father’s right hand in a part of the heavens that are out of sight (cf 2 Co 12:1-3).+1:11Or into heaven. See note at “heaven” earlier in this verse. “Sky” is better here, since the angel is referring to the part of the ascension that the apostles had observed.+1:12Lit having a journey of a Sabbath. ME (see L-N, 81.28). Cf NCV, NLT. Though the idiom is derived from rabbinic traditions concerning how far someone was permitted to walk on the Sabbath (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:12), this is not central to Luke’s point here, and thus an ME has been used in translation.+1:14Lit were busying themselves together in prayer, or were continuing frequently together in prayer, or were continuing in one accord in prayer. Cf TEV; UBSHS (Ac), 23. V 15 what inclines me toward the interpretation reflected in the text.+1:14Lit his.+1:15Lit In these days. ME. Cf CJB, NCV, NLT.+1:15Lit the brothers. In a number of situations, the plural masculine form of ἀδελφός ( adelophos) is used generically for brothers and sisters or for believers (see BDAG, 18, sv 1, 2). In this situation it means the latter and includes both men and women (see v 14). Cf CJB, NCV, NET, NIV, NLT, NRSV, TEV.+1:15Lit in the middle, or in the midst. ME (see UBSHS [Mk], 104).+1:15Lit the crowd of names was in all about one hundred and twenty, or the crowd of names in one place was about one hundred and twenty. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 24). Cf most English translations.+1:16Lit men brothers. The compound indicates that Peter is most likely addressing the other apostles here (see NET Bible Notes, Ac 1:16).+1:16Or accomplished.+1:16Lit which.+1:17Lit was numbered/counted among us. ME (see BDAG, 526, καταριθμέω 2; L-N, 34.33). Cf TEV.+1:17Or this service.+1:18Lit with the wages/reward of his wickedness. ME(I/F) (see UBSHS [Ac], 27). Cf CJB, NCV, TEV.+1:18Cf Mt 26:14–15; 27:5, 7–8.+1:18Lit he burst open in the middle. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 19.30).+1:19Lit It. Cf NLT.+1:20Or home, or dwelling.+1:20Ps 69:25+1:20Or his office.+1:20Ps 109:8+1:21Lit during all the time in which the Lord Jesus went in and went out among us. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 41.24; UBSHS [Ac], 30).+1:22Lit beginning from the/his baptism of/by John. Cf NET, NLT.+1:22Lit one of these must become a witness with us. ME. Cf NLT, TEV.+1:24Lit the hearts. In the ancient world, the “heart” was the seat not only of the emotional faculties, but of the will and mind as well (see note at Mk 3:5). Cf TEV.+1:24Or chosen for yourself. “Yourself” here is drawn from the middle voice of the verb (see Wallace, Grammar, 419-23).+1:25Lit to take the place of this service/ministry and apostleship. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 31). The genitives “ministry” and “apostleship” have been interpreted as a hendiadys. This is reflected in the translation. Cf NIV.+1:26Lit cast lots for them. ME. Cf CJB, TEV.+1:26Cf Ex 28:30; Lv 8:8;1 Sm 14:41; Ezr 2:63; Ne 7:65.+2:1Traditionally Pentecost (a transliteration). ME(OTB). Cf Ex 34:22, Lv 23:15; Dt 16:9.+2:2Or from the sky.+2:3Lit it. The shift to the third person singular here, along with the distributive idea activated by διαμερίζω ( diamerizō) in the preceding clause, indicates that a single tongue rested on each person. Cf UBSHS (Ac), 35; ISV.+2:4Or tongues.+2:4Lit as the Spirit was giving to them to utter. ME. Cf CJB, NIV, TEV.+2:5Lit Jews, God-fearing men. ME. Cf NET.+2:5Lit from every nation under heaven. ME(I/F) (see BDAG, 737, sv οὐρανός, 1.b.).+2:7Lit Behold. EFE. See note at Mt 2:9. Cf CJB, NLT.+2:8Lit our own language in which we were born. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 38). Cf most English translations.+2:12Lit What does this want to be? ME (see BDAG, 448, sv θέλω 5).+2:13Lit They are filled/glutted with sweet new wine. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 40). Cf CJB, NET, NIV, NLT, TEV.+2:14ἀποφθέγγομαι ( apophthengomai) doesn’t merely mean to address, but to address with great clarity and boldness because of divine aid and leading (see and cf ANLEX, 72, sv; BDAG, 125, sv; Little Kittel, 75, sv; TDNT, 1:447, sv; UBSHS [Ac], 41).+2:14Lit to them.+2:14Lit listen carefully to my words.+2:15Lit For not as you think. Cf NET.+2:15Lit for it is the third hour of the day. ME(H). Cf, eg, CJB, HCSB, NIV.+2:17These two phrases are found neither in the MT or the LXX, and thus have not been included in the quotation here (cf NET).+2:17Lit all flesh. Following the lead of the NET at Jl 2:28 in translation here (see NET Bible Notes, Jl 2:28; cf NCV here and at Jl 2:28). The context (“sons,” “daughters,” “young men,” “old men,” “male slaves,” and “female slaves”) indicates that “all flesh” here does not mean “all mankind” in the sense of “every person,” but is referring to all classes and categories of people. Cf BDAG, 784, sv πᾶς 5.+2:18Or slaves.+2:18Lit in those days. ME. Cf NCV.+2:19Lit give omens/portents. ME (see BDAG, 999, sv τέρας; L-N, 33.480; translation and note at Lk 2:34).+2:19Or in heaven.+2:19Cf Ex 4:1–9, 7:8–13, 10:21-23; 1 Ki 18:38; 2 Ki 1:9-16; Ps 19:1-5; Is 13:10, 34:4; Jl 2:10, 30-31; Hab 3:11; Mt 24:29; Mk 8:11-12; Lk 21:11; Re 6:12-13, 8:12.+2:21Jl 2:28-32+2:22Lit Men Israelites. ME. Cf CJB, ESV, NASB, HCSB, NET, NIV, RSV.+2:22Cf Lk 24:19.+2:22Lit in the midst of you. ME (see UBSHS [Mt], 558). Cf Mt 18:2, Mk 3:3. Cf also the translation and note at Jn 12:37.+2:23Lit by/according to the appointed plan and foreknowledge of God. ME (see L-N, 28.6; UBSHS [Ac], 48). Cf NLT, TEV. The genitive has been rendered as a subjective genitive in translation.+2:23Lit at the hand of lawless men. ME(H) (see L-N, 9.17; NET Bible Notes, Ac 2:23). Cf CJB, NET.+2:23Cf Jn 18:31.+2:24Lit whom God raised.+2:24Lit the birth-pains. ME (see ANLEX, 415, sv ὠδίν 2 a., b.). Cf the parallelisms in the LXX at 2 Sm 22:6 (2 Kingdoms in the LXX), Ps 18:4-5 (17:5-6 in the LXX), 116:3 (114:3 in the LXX).+2:24Cf Ps 18:4-5, 116:3; 2 Sm 22:6; Heb 2:15, 5:7.+2:24Lit its.+2:24Lit held by it. ME. Cf ISV, NASB, NET, NRSV.+2:26Or shouts.+2:26Lit my flesh. ME (see UBSHS [Ac], 51; FBT Chart, C, D, F, G). Cf TEV.+2:27Lit my soul. Here “soul” is referring not to one part of the person, but to the person as a whole. Cf CJB, HCSB, NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:27Lit Hades. ME(OTB) (see note at Mt 11:23).+2:28Ps 16:8-11+2:29Lit Men brothers.+2:29Or the patriarch, or our forefather.+2:29 being allowable/right/possible/obligatory to speak with frankness/plainly about the patriarch David. ME. Cf TEV.+2:30Lit he.+2:30Lit from the fruit of his loins. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 10.34).+2:30An allusion to 2 Sm 7:12-13 and Ps 132:11.+2:32Lit This Jesus. Cf ISV here; ISV, NET, and NIV at Ac 1:11.+2:32Lit of which we all are witnesses. ME (see note at Lk 24:48). Cf also UBSHS (Ac), 18.+2:33Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:34Lit he.+2:34Or Lord, or Master. Following the MT of Ps 110:1 in translation here. Cf NLT.+2:35Ps 110:1+2:36Lit house. ME(I/F) (see L-N, 11.58).+2:36Lit him.+2:36Lit this Jesus.+2:37Lit they. Cf NCV, NIV, TEV.+2:37Lit were pierced through the heart. ME(I/F) (see ANLEX, 220, sv κατανύσσομαι; BDAG, 523, sv κατανύσσομαι; L-N, 28.281). Cf Jn 16:8-10.+2:38Cf Is 32:15, 44:3; Jl 2:11; Ezk 39:28-29.+2:39Cf Dt 30:1-10; Is 57:19; 1 Pt 1:1. Cf also Ac 22:21; Eph 2:13.+2:39Or call.+2:39Cf Is 10:19-22; Jr 23:1-3.+2:40Cf Dt 32:20.+2:40Lit saying.+2:42Lit in the breaking of the bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63). Cf NLT, TEV.+2:42Lit They were continuing/constantly busying themselves/spending their time in the teaching of the apostles and in the fellowship, in the breaking of bread and in the prayers. Cf Ac 1:14, 3:1. “Gathering” is presupposed by all the verbal nouns here (cf Ac 1:14, 2:26), sounds much more natural in English with the imperfective aspect and the number of different verbal ideas activated here, and helps the activities mentioned to be processed as occurring frequently and as being distributed over a period of time (cf UBSHS [Ac], 23).+2:43Lit Fear was becoming over every soul. ME. Cf NASB.+2:44Lit had all things in common. ME (see L-N, 57.99; UBSHS [Ac], 65). Cf ISV, NLT, TEV.+2:45Lit them. ME. Cf NCV, NLT, TEV.+2:45Lit in proportion to/to the degree that someone had need. ME. Cf TEV.+2:46Lit and breaking from house to house bread. ME(H)/IT (see UBSHS [Lk], 63, 65). Cf NLT+2:46Or humble, or sincere.+2:46Cf 1 Co 11:17-32.+2:47Lit having favor with/among. ME (see BSL, Ac 2:47; sv χάρις; UBSHS [Ac], 66).